Subject Unit - 1

Name: EE1001

SPECIAL

ELECTRICAL

MACHINES

1. What is a Synchronous Reluctance Motor? It is the motor driven by reluctance torque which is produced due to tendency of the salient pole rotor poles align themselves with synchronously rotating field produced by stator. Edit Comment Add to print 2. What are the types of synch. Reluctance Motor? Cageless, Line-start, radial type and axial type Edit Comment Add to print 3. State the principle of operation of Synch. Reluctance Motor. When a piece of magnetic material is located in a magnetic field, a force acts on the material tending to bring it into the most dense portion of the field. The force tends to align the specimen of material in such a way that the reluctance of the magnetic path that lies through the material will be minimum. Edit Comment Add to print 4. State any advantages of Synch. Reluctance Motor. Can operate from Lower torque Simple and High speed capability Edit Comment Add to print PWM rugged A.C.Inverters ripple construction

5. Write any four application of Synch. Reluctance Motor Recording instruments, timing devices, in spinning mills, film material making and fibre manufacturing equipment Edit Comment Add to print 6. Define torque angle. When load is increased lightly, the rotor momentarily slows down, causing the rotor to lag the rotating field. This angle is called torque angle. Edit Comment Add to print 7. What is Vernier Motor? A Vernier Motor is an unexcited reluctance type Synchronous motor which has the feature of high torque at low speed. This feature is based on the principle of vernier or magnetic gearing such that a small displacement of the rotor produces a large displacement of axes of maximum and minimum permeance. Edit Comment Add to print 8. Define reluctance torque. In synchronous reluctance motor, the torque which is produced at critical speed due to the tendency of the salient rotor poles to align themselves with synchronously rotating field produced by stator is known as reluctance torque. Edit Comment Add to print 9. What is meant by flux concentrating and flux focusing? In a 6 pole magnetized synch. Rel. Motor, the design is such that the magnet pole area exceeds the pole area at the air gap producing an air gap flux density higher than that in the magnet. This arrangement is known as flux concentrating and flux focusing Edit Comment

Add to print 10. What are the factors to be considered while designing a verneier motor? Air gap permeance should have same number Number of stator and rotor slots should be such that N1=N2+P Edit Comment Add to print 11. What are the applications of Vernier motor? Direct drive applications, high torque at low speed application Edit Comment Add to print 12. When does a PM Synchronous motor operates as a Synchronous Reluctance motor? If the cage winding is included in the rotor and the magnets are left out or demagnetized, PM Synchronous motor operates as a Synchronous Reluctance motor of stator poles

Subject Unit - 2

Name: EE1001

SPECIAL

ELECTRICAL

MACHINES

1. What is a stepper motor? A stepper motor can be consider as a digital electromechanical device where each step command pulse (electrical pulse) input results in a movement of the shaft by a discrete angle called step angle of the motor. So in stepper motor, the input is in the form of programmed energization of the stator winding and the output is the discrete angular rotation. Edit Comment Add to print 2. Name the different types of stepper motor. 1. Variable reluctance 2. Permanent magnet 3. Hybrid stepper motor. Edit Comment Add to print stepper stepper motor motor

3. Define slewing. The stepper motor may be operated at very high stepping rates i.e., 25000 steps per second. The operation of stepper motor at high speeds is called slewing. Edit Comment Add to print 4. What is a slewing rate? The maximum rate at which the motor can step unidirectionally is called slewing rate. Edit Comment Add to print 5. What is synchronism in stepper motor/ It is the one- to-one correspondence between the numbers of pulses applied to the stepper motor controller and the number of steps through which the motor has actually moved. i.e., The output shaft rotates such that one step being taken each time a command pulse is received. Edit Comment Add to print 6. What is variable reluctance stepper motor? The stepper motor in which the reluctance of the magnetic circuit formed by the rotor and stator teeth varies with the angular position of the rotor is known as variable reluctance (VR) stepper motor The direction of rotation of the VR stepper motor. is independent of the polarity of the stator current.

Edit Comment Add to print 7. What is Permanent Magnet Stepper Motor? The stepper motor in which the rotor poles are permanently magnetized is known as Permanent magnet Stepper Motor. Edit Comment Add to print 8. What is Hybrid Stepper Motor? The stepper motor which combines the feature of both variable reluctance and permanent magnet stepper motors is known as hybrid stepper motor. Edit Comment Add to print 9. What is meant by micro stepping in stepper motor? The mode of operation of the variable reluctance stepper motor in which the step angle is very small is known as micro stepping. It is also called as mini stepping. Edit Comment Add to print 10. What are the different types of drive circuits for stepper motor? Resistance Dual voltage Chopper drive drive drive

11. What is meant by power driving circuit? The output from the logic sequence generator signals are the low level signals which are too weak to energise stepper motor windings. The circuit using power semiconductor switching devices in order to increase the voltage, current and power levels of the logic sequence output is known as power drive circuit. Edit Comment Add to print 12. What is logic sequencer? The logic sequencer generates the programmed logic sequences required for the operation of stepper motor. Edit Comment Add to print 13. What is lead angle? The angle of difference between the phase to be de energized to bring the stepper motor to the position of equilibrium and energisation of next phase winding to start the motor during closed loop operation is known as lead angle. The relation between the rotor's present position and the phase to be excited is specified in terms of lead angle. Edit Comment Add to print
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Unit - 3

1. What is a Switched Reluctance Motor? It is electromagnetic and electrodynamic equipment that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. The electromagnetic torque is developed in SRM due to variable reluctance principle. Edit Comment Add to print 2. State the principle of operation of Switched Reluctance Motor. It develops an electromagnetic torque due to variable reluctance principle. When air gap is minimum, the reluctance will be minimum. Hence inductance will be maximum. So the rate change of inductance is zero. When the reluctance varies, there will be a change in inductance. So when a particular stator winding of SRM is excited, the rotor pole comes in alignment with that stator pole and thus the rotor rotates. Edit Comment Add to print 3. What is rotor position sensor? The motor shaft of SRM carries a rotor position sensor that gives the information about the position of the rotor with reference to the reference axis to the controller. The controller compares the 8information from the rotor position sensor with the reference speed signal and then suitably turns on and off the concerned power semiconductor device of the switching circuit such that the desired phase winding is connected to the d.c.supply. Edit Comment Add to print 4. What is the need for shaft position sensor fro SRM? For commutation (i.e.) the turning on and turning off of various semiconductor devices in the switching circuitry is influenced by the signals obtained from the rotor position sensor. For speed control of the motor, it is necessary to use the rotor position sensor. Edit Comment Add to print 5. Specify the function of controller circuit in SRM. The controllers gets the signal from the rotor position sensor, reference speed signal and signal from the output of power semiconductor circuit and then suitably turns on and turns off the concerned phase winding of the SRM. Edit Comment Add to print 6. Write down the instantaneous torque equation of SRM. = change in Instantaneous inductance with respect to change in rotor position sensor Edit Comment Add to print 7. State the need for non-linear analysis of switched reluctance motor. Machine with linear magnetic characteristics means that it has constant magnetic permeability and no magnetic saturation. In practice, the switched reluctance motor which follows variable reluctance principle operates with its magnetic material in saturation. As saturation tends to increase the size of the variable reluctance machines for a given output, the non-linear analysis is required. Edit Comment Add to print 8. Define energy ratio in SRM. Energy ratio is defined as the ratio of mechanical energy transferred to the sum of mechanical energy transferred to the sum of mechanical energy transferred and the stored energy. Edit Comment Add to print 9. What are the two types of current control techniques? Hysterisis type Voltage-PWM type current control Edit Comment Add to print current control

10. What is meant by dwell in SRM? Dwell means conduction period.

Unit - 4
1. What is Brushless PM D.C.Motor? It is similar to salient pole D.C.Motor except that there is no field winding on rotor and is provided by PM. It reduces losses. Complexity in construction is reduced. Edit Comment Add to print 2. Give the merits of PMBLDC Motor compared to conventional motor. No field winding no field Higher Size is Possible for very high speed Edit Comment Add to print 3. What are the types of PMBLDC square wave D.C.Motor? 1800 pole arc PMBLDC 1200 pole arc PMBLDC square wave Edit Comment Add to print copper loss efficiency small

square

wave

4. State the principle of operation of PMBLDC. When D.C. supply is given to the motor, the armature winding draws current. This current sets up an emf which is perpendicular the main MMF set up by the PM field. Hence a force is experienced by the armature conductors according to Flemming's left hand rule. As it is in the rotor, a reactive force develops a torque in the rotor. If this developed torque is more than the load torque and frictional torque, the motor start rotating. Edit Comment Add to print 5. Define magnetic remanence. The magnetic flux density which persists in magnetic materials even though the magnetizing forces are completely removed. Edit Comment Add to print 6. Define coercivity forces. The demagnetizing force which is necessary to neutralize completely the magnetism in an electromagnet after the magnetizing force becomes zero. Edit Comment Add to print 7. How the PMBLDC Motors are classified? BLPM square BLPM sine wave motor Edit Comment Add to print wave motor

8. Define energy product and maximum energy product of Permanent Magnet. The absolute value of product of flux density and field intensity at each point along the demagnetization curve is called energy product. Edit Comment Add to print 9. When does the demagnetization occur in PMBLDC Motor? During normal operation of motor when the torque and back emf are constant, if the field flux level becomes low, then demagnetizing occurs. Edit Comment

Add to print 10. What are the ways by which demagnetization can be limited in Permanent Magnet? Keeping the current below the maximum Using of pole shoes to a PM to collect the flux and then transfer it to air gap value

11. What is an electronic commutator? It is to transfer the current to the armature. Power semiconductors are used as switching devices. Armature has three tappings, which can be connected either in star or in delta. Edit Comment Add to print 12. Why the PMBLDC Motor is called as electronically commutated Motor? Because the phase winding of motor is energized by power semiconductor switching circuits. The power semiconductor switching circuits act as a commutator. The power semiconductor switches turned ON and OFF by the signals obtained from RPS. Edit Comment Add to print 13. State the application of PMBLDC Motor. Turn Table drive Tape drive Drive for Drive for air conditioners for for Video cooling Record players recorders fans