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] T
The first law of thermodynamics says that energy be neither created nor destroyed. The following is a systematic energy balance performed for each unit of the process. The datum temperature for calculation is taken as 25 OC. The pressure is taken to be 1 atm throughout the process. The physical properties such as density, specific heat, heat of reaction, and heat of formation were assumed as constant over the temperature range.
Component
) 52.30 0 -399.40 -94.12 (solid) 0 -92.30 -169.70 -867.10 0 0.05450 0.03394 0.03832 0.05363 0.02884 0.02910 0.12900 0.12310 0.91776
Ethylene Chlorine Ferric chloride Vinyl chloride Hydrogen Hydrogen chloride Dichloroethane Acetic acid Oxygen
6.2
Nomenclature used
Enthalpy heat reaction of reactant Enthalpy heat of formation Enthalpy heat reaction of product Cp Specific heat capacity Enthalpy heat reaction )
6.2.1 6.2.1.1
= = (-169.7 52.3- 0) =( )
=[
] T
Enthalpy of products:
Products leave at 25 C.
T =[0.129 x 1 ](393-298)
= 12.255
Enthalpy of reaction:
6.2.1.2
Main Reaction:
Table 3 : Direct chlorination reactor parameter Reactor temperature (C) Reactor pressure (kpa) Reactor volume ( Tube diameter (in) Tube length (ft) Residence time (hr) 180 350 90 2 112 0.018
Direct chlorination :
(1)
Ethylene and chlorine combine in a homogeneous catalytic reaction to form EDC. Normally, the reaction rate is controlled by mass transfer, with absorption of ethylene as the limiting factor. Due to high selectivity, ferric chloride is the common catalyst of choice for chlorination of ethylene. The catalytic reaction utilizes an electrophilic addition mechanism. The catalyst polarizes chlorine (Eqn. 2) and then the polarized chlorine molecule acts as an electrophilic reagent to add Cl- to the double bond of ethylene. + For oxychlorination EDC pyrolysis 2 Overall reaction 2 +
= = (-169.7 52.3- 0) =( )
Enthalpy of reactants:
Stream 1 R1 =[ ] T
Stream 2 R2
=[
] T
Enthalpy of products:
= =[(0.1231 x = 10.1232
Enthalpy of reaction:
6.2.2
Table 3 : Oxychlorination reactor parameter Reactor temperature (C) Reactor pressure (psig) Reactor volume ( Tube diameter (in) Tube length (ft) Residence time (hr) 120 15 461 2 1320 0.05
Since the value of oxygen is small thus, it assume to be neglected. O2 at T 305 = 0.9964 ( )
Enthalpy of formation :
= = (-169.7 52.3- 0) =( )
Enthalpy of products:
Products leave at 25 C.
= [
] T
Enthalpy of reaction:
6.2.2.2
Since it is heat exchanger, thus there is no formation occur. There is just flow of component inside the heat exchanger to increase temperature to 180 .
Enthalpy of formation:
Enthalpy of products:
= =[ = 4.0862
Enthalpy of reactant:
= Enthalpy of reaction:
6.3
Separator is to separate the components into two streams; one for HCl recycle (stream 6) and one for vinyl chloride(stream 8).
Enthalpy of products:
Products leave at 50 C.
= [
Enthalpy of reaction: