ISL WEEK 8

Form-focused instruction The Grammar Translation Method and the Audiolingual method both involve attempts to teach learners grammar, differing only in how this to be accomplished.

Learner-instruction matching Individual differences to do with such factors as learning style and language aptitude are likely to influence which options work best.

Does form-focused instruction work

Instruction And Second Language Acquisition

One way in which we might investigate whether formal instruction has any effect on interlanguage is to compare the development of untutored and tutored learners.

What kind of form-focused instruction works best?

ISL WEEK 8

Language Aptitude
Meaning - People differ in the extent to which they possess a natural ability for learning second language (L2) Concerns the cognitive abilities that underlie successful L2.

Components of language aptitude

Phonemic coding ability The ability to identify the sounds of a foreign language so that they can be remembered later. Grammatical sensitivity The ability to recognize the grammatical functions of words in sentences. Inductive language learning ability The ability to identify patterns of correspondence and relations between form and meaning. Rote learning ability The ability to form and remember associations between stimuli.

Motivation

Individual Differences In Second Language Acquisition

Learning Strategies
The particular approaches or techniques that learners employ to try to learn an L2 i) behavioural ii) mental

Motivation involves the attitudes and affective states that influence the degree of effort that learners make to learn an L2.

Kinds of motivation
Instrumental motivation Learns may make learn an L2 for some functional reason-to pass an examination, to get a better job, or to get a place at university. Integrative motivation Some learners may choose to learn a particular L2 because they are interested in the people and culture represented by target language. group. Resultative motivation An assumption of the research referred to above is that motivation is the cause of L2 achievement. Intrinsic motivation It may not be learners general reasons for learning an L2 that are crucial in determining their motivation

Kinds of learning strategies

Cognitive strategy Involved in analysis, synthesis, or transformati on of learning materials. Metacognitive strategy Involved in planning, monitoring, and evaluating learning. Social strategy Concern the ways in which leaners choose to interact with other speakers.