Chapter 7(Summary, Conclusions, Recommendations) General Summary of the Study Summary of Findings -summarizes results based on Chap 4 No presentation

of tables 1. brief statement (main purpose) 2. specific questions on statement of problem must be written first then answer. (in order) 3. findings should be textual generalizations (consists of text & numbers). 4. Stated concisely Conclusions - dovetails w/ the findings of the study. -rejection & acceptance of hypothesis 1. not contain any numerals 2. answer specific ques raised at the beginning 3. not drawn from implied or indirect effects 4. not give hints on doubts (qualifiers: probably, perhaps, may be should be avoided) 5. no repetition of statements. (recapitulations) Recommendations - based on conclusions. -appeals to people or entities concerned 1. aim to solve problems in the study 2. ensures continuous benefit 3. logical and valid to recommend acquisition of lacking of the facilities 4. further study in a wider applications Bibliography - listing of sources of materials are alphabetically arranged. (after recommendations) Functions: 1. gives readers scope of the study behind the paper 2. det if a particular work has been used 3. gives descriptive details as a whole in order to be located & consulted by the reader Ways of Listing Bibliography 1. listing sources of materials separately (surnames are alphabetically arranged) 2. listing all sources into one. Appendices -2ndto the last. (listed by letter / submitted according to certain logical classification) -questionnaire, letter of transmittal, computations of data, supporting legal docu, supplementary illustrative materials.

Chapter 8 (Preliminaries of the Research Paper, Thesis & Dissertation) A. Title Page -1stpage (page no. not indicated) -brief, descriptive & comprehensive -all caps, inverted pyramid style B. Approval Sheet -2ndpg 1. Complete title of research 2. full name of the investigation 3. degree to which the research paper is applied for 4. statement of acceptance & approval 5. advisers full name & highest degree 6. Panel examiners __ 7. grade of the research 8. complete data of comprehensive exam passed 9. complete date of submission 10. deans __ C. Acknowledgements -expresses gratitude to different persons who assisted D. Contents (Table of Contents) -pge no. indicated at the bottom small roman numeral -5 single spaces from top right-hand margin (similar in text) E. Tables (List of Tables) -If 2 or 3, may be omitted -captions should appear exactly the same -arabic numerals, double-numbered -1stletter of the first word should be capitalized -hangining-indented-block stlye caption F. Figures(List of Figures) -flow charts, graphs, diagrams, drawings, maps -1stpg no. of list of figures at bottom(roman numbers) G. Plates -photographic representation or illustration -common in natural sciences -numbered consecutively w/ Arabic numerals -plates follow the REFERENCES H. Abstract -brief & concise descriptive summary

-panoramic view of the paper -not part of a paper nor counted as a page 1. Short Forms (100-175 words) -required for publication in a research journal 2. Long Forms (500-1000 words) -masteral theses & doctoral dissertations Chap 9 (Ethics in Research) 1. Informing of possible negative _ & _ their permission 2. rationalization ___ 3. use of samples rather than complete population so that fewer persons are harmed 4. maintenance of privacy through publication of aggregate data only Invasion of Privacy - any question that arouses feelings of anxiety or guilt in a respondent Deception - studying w/out informing of securing their permission. Ethical Standards Researcher should Uphold 1. conduct their professional lives in a way that they dont jeopardize future research 2.not fabricate, falsify, misrepresent authorship, evidence, data, findings or conclusions 3.honestly & fully disclose their qualifications & limitations 4. not knowingly or negligently use their professional roles for fraudulent purposes 5. report all findings to all relevant stockholders, refrain from keeping secrets or selectively communicating their findings. 6. report research conceptions, procedures, results & analyzes accurately & adequately in details to allow 7. written straightforwardly 8. not misinterpret the practical or policy implications 9. __ 10.responsibility to make candid, forthright personnel recommendations 11. decline request to review the work of others 12. avoid all forms of harassment 13. not be penalized for reporting in good faith violations of these or other professional ethical standards Ethical Standards (Institutions and the Public) 1. give their consents before participating 2. right to be informed about the risk & potential consequences

3. communicate the objectives 4. characterize relationship bn researchers & participants 5. sensitive to locally established institutional policies 6. participants have right to withdraw anytime constrained by their official roles 7. exercise caution, no exploitation for personal gain 8. not use their influence 9. responsible and mindful about significant differences within the research population 10. sensitive to the integrity of going institutional activities (possible disturbance) 11.clean, straight forward &appropriate language(finding) 12.right to remain anonymous, protect confidentiality of both participants and data(informants & participants) Phases of research (ethical) 1. beginning phase which justifies the conduct of research 2. treatment of human beings as subjects of research 3. analysis & interpretation of research findings Moral Principles (ethics on human beings) 1. benefit people being studied 2. protect their right to privacy 3. provide them w/ a free choice 4. treat people w/ respect Ethics on Research Findings 1. Analyzing/reporting data valid and reliable way 2. Public nature of research substantiate research findings in case he is challenged by competent authority 3.Use of research findings consider effects on people affected by the findings Ethical Issues in Research Utilization 1. Misuse of aggression 2.misuse for cultural bias 3.misuse in explaining social problems 4.misuse in explaining group differences 5.misuse for exploitation Major Ethical Issues 1. Looking at the data 2.Ex-post facto hypothesizing 3.Protecting pledges of confidentiality