Lecture 9

PHYS1171
Introduction
Reading
Equations
Questions
Example
Questions
Example 2
Summary
PHYS1171 - Motion
Lecture 9 - 2D Kinematics
Dr. Tim McIntyre
The University of Queensland
Semester 1, 2013
PHYS1171 Lecture 9
Lecture 9
PHYS1171
Introduction
Reading
Equations
Questions
Example
Questions
Example 2
Summary
Question...
You drop a rock o a bridge. When the rock has fallen 4 m,
you drop a second rock. As the rocks continue to fall, what
happens to their separation?
1 The separation increases as they fall
2 The separation stays constant
3 The separation decreases as they fall
4 Cant tell
PHYS1171 Lecture 9
Lecture 9
PHYS1171
Introduction
Reading
Equations
Questions
Example
Questions
Example 2
Summary
Question...
You drop a rock o a bridge. When the rock has fallen 4 m,
you drop a second rock. As the rocks continue to fall, what
happens to their velocities?
1 Both increase at the same rate
2 The velocity of the rst increases faster
3 The velocity of the second increases faster
4 Cant tell
PHYS1171 Lecture 9
Lecture 9
PHYS1171
Introduction
Reading
Equations
Questions
Example
Questions
Example 2
Summary
Lecture 9 - 2D Kinematics
Todays lecture covers
Using the equations for two-dimensional (2D)
motion under constant acceleration
Projectile Motion
Preparation
Read Five Minute Physics -
Lecture 9 - Two-dimensional Motion
Reference
Read Biological Physics (2010), Section 1.7
PHYS1171 Lecture 9
Lecture 9
PHYS1171
Introduction
Reading
Equations
Questions
Example
Questions
Example 2
Summary
Reading Quiz (assessed)
In projectile motion, which of the following is true?
1 The acceleration in the horizontal direction is
greater than zero
2 Gravity can inuence the horizontal
component of velocity
3 The vertical component of motion behaves
exactly as in the 1-D examples we previously
covered
4 The normal force balances the gravitational
force
PHYS1171 Lecture 9
Lecture 9
PHYS1171
Introduction
Reading
Equations
Questions
Example
Questions
Example 2
Summary
2D Kinematics - Equations
Our kinematic equations now become vector equations:
v
f
= v
i
+ at
d = v
i
t +
1
2
at
2
PHYS1171 Lecture 9
Lecture 9
PHYS1171
Introduction
Reading
Equations
Questions
Example
Questions
Example 2
Summary
2D Kinematics - Equations
However, we can resolve the equations into two sets of 1D
equations:
v
xf
= v
xi
+ a
x
t
x = v
xi
t +
1
2
a
x
t
2
v
2
xf
v
2
xi
= 2a
x
x
v
yf
= v
yi
+ a
y
t
y = v
yi
t +
1
2
a
y
t
2
v
2
yf
v
2
yi
= 2a
y
y
The only common element between the two equations is time.
PHYS1171 Lecture 9
Lecture 9
PHYS1171
Introduction
Reading
Equations
Questions
Example
Questions
Example 2
Summary
Projectile Motion
Common example of 2-D motion with constant acceleration
Natural motion of a body projected into the air (ignoring air
resistance)
In horizontal direction:
Constant velocity (a
x
= 0)
In vertical direction:
Constant acceleration due to Earths gravitational pull
(a
y
= -9.8 m/s
2
)
PHYS1171 Lecture 9
Lecture 9
PHYS1171
Introduction
Reading
Equations
Questions
Example
Questions
Example 2
Summary
Question...
You would be skeptical about the authenticity of this video
because
1 The projectile motion doesnt look correct.
2 It would be dicult to make the motion
repeatable enough to reliably land in such a
small swimming pool.
3 The pool isnt deep enough.
4 All of the above.
5 Some other reason.
6 Skeptical?? No, its all good.
PHYS1171 Lecture 9
Lecture 9
PHYS1171
Introduction
Reading
Equations
Questions
Example
Questions
Example 2
Summary
Question...
For the projectile motion
shown, click the number
that best represents the
velocity vector at A
PHYS1171 Lecture 9
Lecture 9
PHYS1171
Introduction
Reading
Equations
Questions
Example
Questions
Example 2
Summary
Question...
For the projectile motion
shown, click the number
that best represents the
acceleration vector at A
PHYS1171 Lecture 9
Lecture 9
PHYS1171
Introduction
Reading
Equations
Questions
Example
Questions
Example 2
Summary
Question...
For the projectile motion
shown, click the number
that best represents the
acceleration vector at B
PHYS1171 Lecture 9
Lecture 9
PHYS1171
Introduction
Reading
Equations
Questions
Example
Questions
Example 2
Summary
Question...
A high jumper attempts to clear a bar which is 1.6 m high. If
the jumper takes o at a distance of 1.6 m from the high jump
at an angle of 45

to the ground, the jumpers centre of mass

will
1 Easily clear the bar
2 Hit the bar
3 Go under the bar
PHYS1171 Lecture 9
Lecture 9
PHYS1171
Introduction
Reading
Equations
Questions
Example
Questions
Example 2
Summary
Example - Steeplechase event
A runner in the Olympic steeplechase event must jump from a
914 mm high hurdle across (or into) a 3.66 m wide pool of
water. If the take-o speed from the hurdle is 6.3 m/s (about
the runners average speed) in a horizontal direction, how far
will the runner jump?
PHYS1171 Lecture 9
Lecture 9
PHYS1171
Introduction
Reading
Equations
Questions
Example
Questions
Example 2
Summary
Example - Steeplechase event
A runner in the Olympic steeplechase event must jump from a 914 mm high hurdle across (or into) a 3.66 m
wide pool of water. If the take-o speed from the hurdle is 6.3 m/s (about the runners average speed) in a
horizontal direction, how far will the runner jump?
PHYS1171 Lecture 9
Lecture 9
PHYS1171
Introduction
Reading
Equations
Questions
Example
Questions
Example 2
Summary
Example - Steeplechase event
A runner in the Olympic steeplechase event must jump from a 914 mm high hurdle across (or into) a 3.66 m
wide pool of water. If the take-o speed from the hurdle is 6.3 m/s (about the runners average speed) in a
horizontal direction, how far will the runner jump?
PHYS1171 Lecture 9
Lecture 9
PHYS1171
Introduction
Reading
Equations
Questions
Example
Questions
Example 2
Summary
Example - Kangaroo
A kangaroo jumps o the ground with a take-o speed of
7.5m/s at an angle of 65 degrees to the horizontal. How high
will it jump? How far will it jump?
PHYS1171 Lecture 9
Lecture 9
PHYS1171
Introduction
Reading
Equations
Questions
Example
Questions
Example 2
Summary
Question...
You travel at constant speed over the crest of a hill. Which of
the following is true at the instant you pass over the top of the
hill?
1 Your horizontal component of velocity is zero.
2 Your velocity is constant.
3 Your acceleration is zero
4 None of the above are true.
PHYS1171 Lecture 9
Lecture 9
PHYS1171
Introduction
Reading
Equations
Questions
Example
Questions
Example 2
Summary
Question...
A shooter in a shooting tower aims a gun (tranquilliser dart
only!) directly at a monkey hanging, at the same height, from
a tree 300m away. Just as the shooter pulls the trigger, the
monkey drops from the tree. Which of the following is true
(neglecting air resistance)?
1 The dart passes above the monkey.
2 The dart hits the monkey.
3 The dart goes under the monkey.
4 Where the dart passes depends on the masses
of the dart and the monkey.
PHYS1171 Lecture 9
Lecture 9
PHYS1171
Introduction
Reading
Equations
Questions
Example
Questions
Example 2
Summary
Example - Kangaroo enclosure
Kangaroos are known to jump with a take-o speed of 35
km/hr (about 10 m/s). Design an enclosure that could be used
to restrict the movement of kangaroos of this type.
PHYS1171 Lecture 9
Lecture 9
PHYS1171
Introduction
Reading
Equations
Questions
Example
Questions
Example 2
Summary
Summing Up
After this lecture you should . . .
Understand how to adapt 2D problems to treat as two 1D
problems
Be able to solve problems on projectile motion
Supplementary Questions Biological Physics (2010)
Problems 1.10,1.11
Next lecture
Rotational Motion
Reading: Biological Physics (2010) tba (Dr Wegener)
PHYS1171 Lecture 9
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1 1he accelerauon ln Lhe horlzonLal
dlrecuon ls greaLer Lhan zero
2 CravlLy can lnuence Lhe horlzonLal
componenL of veloclLy
3 1he verucal componenL of mouon
behaves exacLly as ln Lhe 1-u examples
we prevlously covered
4 1he normal force balances Lhe
gravlLauonal force
ln pro[ecule mouon, whlch of Lhe followlng ls Lrue?
!
0
3
10
13
20
23
30
33
1 1he pro[ecule mouon
doesn'L look correcL.
2 lL would be dlmculL Lo
make Lhe mouon
repeaLable enough Lo
rellably land ln such a small
swlmmlng pool.
3 1he pool lsn'L deep
enough.
4 All of Lhe above. 3 Some oLher reason. 6 Skepucal?? no, lLs all
good.
As a good hyslclsL, you would be skepucal abouL Lhe auLhenuclLy of Lhls
vldeo because
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Answer 1 Answer 2 Answer 3 Answer 4 Answer 3 Answer 6 Answer 7 Answer 8 Answer 9
lor Lhe pro[ecule mouon shown, cllck Lhe number LhaL besL represenLs Lhe
veloclLy vecLor aL A
1
2
3
4
3
6
7
8
9 = zero
!
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30
40
30
60
Answer 1 Answer 2 Answer 3 Answer 4 Answer 3 Answer 6 Answer 7 Answer 8 Answer 9
lor Lhe pro[ecule mouon shown, cllck Lhe number LhaL besL represenLs Lhe
accelerauon vecLor aL A
!
1
2
3
4
3
6
7
8
9 = zero
0
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30
40
30
60
70
80
1 Laslly clear Lhe bar 2 PlL Lhe bar 3 Co under Lhe bar
A hlgh [umper auempLs Lo clear a bar whlch ls 1.6 m hlgh. lf Lhe [umper Lakes
o aL a dlsLance of 1.6 m from Lhe hlgh [ump aL an angle of 43 Lo Lhe ground,
Lhe [umper wlll
!
0
3
10
13
20
23
30
33
40
43
1 ?our horlzonLal componenL of veloclLy
ls zero.
2 ?our veloclLy ls consLanL. 3 ?our accelerauon ls zero 4 none of Lhe above are Lrue.
?ou Lravel aL consLanL speed over Lhe cresL of a hlll. Whlch of Lhe followlng ls
Lrue aL Lhe lnsLanL you pass over Lhe Lop of Lhe hlll?
!
PHYS1171, Semester 1, 2013
Forces and Motion
Lecture 9

Answers to recommended textbook questions

1.10 (a) 81 km/hr, 42 above horizontal; (b) 12.5 m above ground;
(c) 52 m; (d) 83 km/hr, 43 below horizontal (updated)
1.11 The bullet drops 0.11 m, so about 1.4 m above the ground