Europe

Bohemia

Prague

5500 BC 6th century-50 BC 1. - 6. century AD 410 2nd half of 6th century 800 805 and 806 841 843 862 863-879 865 867
Dublin founded by Vikings Carolingian empire split Foundation of Rurik Dynasty in Russia Schism between eastern and western churches Danish Vikings arrive in Britain Revival of Byzantium under the Macedonian dynasty Prague Castle founded Celtic tribes

First permanent settlement

Germanic tribes

Alarik sacks Rome Slavic tribes

Charlemagne emperor Carolingian invasions

870 872 878 885

Alfred the Great defeats Vikings at Ethandun Cyril and Methodius develop Cyrillic

Borivoj and other Bohemian dukes fight Franks

Borivoj baptised Put back on the throne by the Moravians Church of Our Lady

895 900 915 927

Magyars in Pannonia

Spytihnev builds first real fortifications England unified

929

Saxon king Henry I defeats Wenceslas The Saxon chronicler Widukind mentions Prague Wenceslas builds the Rotunda of St. Vitus Wenceslas murdered Boleslav starts conquering Bohemia

935

936-973 965

Otto I the Great HRE Khazar kingdom defeated by Kievan Rus the Arab-Jewish merchant Ibrahim ibn Jakub from the Caliphate of Cordoba visits Prague. First convent St George founded at the Castle Boleslav I dies Prague Bishopric established Otto II HRE the Saxon Detmar first bishop Vojtech Slavnikovec second bishop Prince of Kievan Rus baptised Vojtech and Boleslav II establishes Brevnov Monastery Beginning of High Middle Ages Vikings settle America Duke Jaromir defeats an invading Polish army Canon Of Medicine written by Avicenna Duke Oldrich dies Bretislav I new duke

972

973 973-983 976 982 988 993

1000 1001 1004 1020 1034 1035 1039

Canute the Great dies Bretislav I invades Poland. Brings back the relics of St. Vojtech

1041

Endeavours to establish an archbishopric German army lays siege to Prague Bretislav I capitulates Normans establish Melfi as capital of southern Italy Henry III HRE defeats Hungary at Menfo Great Schism Seljuks capture Baghdad Spytihnev II lays the foundation stone of the Basilica of St Vitus Norman conquest of Sicily Seljuks invade Georgia Norman conquest of England Seljuks invade Georgia Vratislav II founds Vysehrad chapter directly answering to Rome Seljuks defeat Byzantium at Manzikert Seljuks capture Ankara from Byzantium Seljuks capture Jerusalem from Byzantium Investiture Controversy Walk to Canossa Vratislav II support HRE Henry IV in his battles with Pope Gregory VII Vratislav II crowned king Fire destroys the Basilica of St Vitus Vratislav II falls off his horse and dies Buried at Vysehrad

1042 1044 1054 1055 1060

1061-1091 1065 1066 1068 1070

1071 1073

1074 1075 1077 1086

1091 1092

Normans conquer Malta

1095 1097 1098 1099 1100

1st Crusade Crusader siege of Nicaea Hildegard of Bingen born Crusader siege of Jerusalem Age of the Cistercians Christian humanism Renaissance of the 12th century Medieval universities Ars antiqua music Gothic architecture and trouvere music in France Hungary and Croatia united Duke Svatopluk attempts to take power from Borivoj II Duke Svatopluk succeeds Borivoj II Concordat of Worms ends Investiture Controversy One of the duke's representatives, a Jew named Jakub is arrested for disrespecting Christian relics Sick Vladislav I names Sobeslav I as his successor Cosmas the Chronicler dies Papal schism Sobeslav I gives the Chapel of St Laurel on Petrin to the Vysehrad Chapter Prague Castle sacked by Konrad Brnensky Stone Throne disappears Construction of Strahov

1102 1104

1107 1122

1124

1125

1130-1138 1139

1141 1143 1147

Wendish Crusade

1148 1158 1162 1168 1171 1176 1177 1180 1182 1187
Saladin defeats the King of Jerusalem at Hattin Genghis Khan born Valdemar I conquers Arkona Saladin deposes last Fatimid Caliph Frederick Barbarossa defeated at Legnano Treaty of Venice signed by Frederick I HRE and the Papacy

Vladislav II comes to power. Many people killed Velislav obtains Vysehrad Jindrich Zdik obtains Podivin Bernard z Clairvaux appeals to Vladislav II and Jindrich Zdik to participate in the Crusade Daniel bishop Vladislav II crowned king by Fredrick I Barbarossa

Sobeslav II dies abroad Jindrich Bretislav bishop Jindrich Bretislav attains independent status of the bishopric at the level of a duchy and receives a golden bull

1189 1189-1198 1190

Richard King of England 3rd Crusade Barbarossa drowns Duchess Elizabeth hands over Prague Castle to Konrad Ota Battle about Prague between Vaclav of the Sobeslav line and Premysl Otakar I of the Vladislav line ends with Premysl's victory

1192

1193

Jindrich Bretislav receives Bohemia as a fief from Henry VI. Nobility betrays Premysl. Premysl besieged for four months at the castle. Flees to Meissen. After Jindrich Bretislav's death Vladislav Jindrich is chosen. He installed Daniel II as bishop and gave him investiture Premysl I Otakar crowned king by Philip the Suebian Marriage between Premysl I and Adleta of Meissen annulled

1197

1198 1199 1200 1202-1204 1204

Formation of the Teutonic Knights

4th crusade crusaders sack Constantinope and create the Latin Empire Premysl I unsuccessfully asks the Pope to establish an archbishopric. The Pope recognises the Bohemian Kingdom The remains of St Mauricius and the apostles Thomas, James and Thaddeus brought to Prague from Germany Bishop Daniel II dies. Ondrej new bishop working for emancipation Wenceslas I crowned junior king Ondrej abandons Bohemia and declares and interdictum on the kingdom 5th crusade Conflict with Bishop Ondrej ends with the Great Privilege

1212

1214

1216

1217-1221 1221

1222 1223 1226

Mongols defeat Russians at Kalka

The Great Privilege extended to the whole kingdom

The first Dominican community came into existence with St Clemence at Porici Wenceslas I crowned 6th crusade conquers Jerusalem Devil's Bible written Wenceslas I purchases the property of the Teutonic Knights at Porici to found a Cistercian monastery Constance gives her property at Porici to the Minor Friars of her daughter Agnes of Bohemia The German patrician Reinhard Niger obtains freedom from fees from Wenceslas I The first great Minnesnger Reinmar von Zweter comes to Prague Mongols conquer Russia Mongols defeat Hungarians and Poles

1228 1228-1229 1230 1232

1234

1237

1237-1240 1241

Wenceslas I strengthens the Bohemian castles against the Mongols

1242 1245

Russians defeat Teutonic knights at Lake Peipus Jan di Piano Carpini, leader of the Papal Embassy to the Great Khan, stops in Prague. Nobles proclaim Premysl Otakar, son of Wenceslas, junior king. Civil war. 7th crusade

1247

1248-1254

1249 1250

1251 1252

1254

1256

Premysl Otakar capitulates. End of civil war. Judge Ctibor and his son Jaroslav, collaborators of Premysl Otakar, executed at Petrin The archbishop of Salzburg invested in St Vitus The Crusaders of the Red Star moved to the end of the Judith Bridge Premysl II Otakar acknowledges the Bull of Innocencius IV that protects the Jewish population A house is erected for the Crusaders of the Red Heart (Cyriaks) by the Church of the Holy Cross in the Old Town The Minor, or New, Town, nowadays known as Mala Strana, is formally established. Bohemians must give way to foreigners Hungarian king Bela IV defeated by Premysl II and a Bohemian-German army Byzantines retake Constantinople The oldest insignia of the Old Town is created Christening of Premysl II's first-born daughter Kunhuta A mysterious tower, said to contain light, is built inside the clausure of the Prague Chapter. Financed by courtier Gregor.

1257

1260

1261 1264 1265

Dominican Thomas Aquinas writes Summa Theologiae

1271 1278

9th crusade Premysl II Otakar dies at Durenkrut The townspeople of Prague recognises Ota V of Brandenburg as their protector. He lays siege to Prague. The Brandenburg troops refuse access to St Vitus and the new bishop Tobias from Benesov has to conduct his first mass at Strahov Ota of Brandenburg agrees to let prince Wenceslas return to Prague Peace talks at Dominican monastery St Clemence Bishop Tobias sanctifies St Nicholas of the Lesser Town First royal privilege for Bohemian towns Privilege of Prague New insignia for Old Town with St Wenceslas Zavis of Falkenstejn arrested Suabian duke Rudolf, son of King Rudolf of Habsburg, dies in Prague. Marco Polo's travels Representatives of the Old Town unsuccessfully petitions Wenceslas II to organise a town hall In reaction to pogroms in Germany, Wenceslas II had Jews arrested

1279

1280

1281

1283

1285 1287 1288 1289 1290

1292 1296

1298

1299

The king confirmed the institution of an official town scroll, chosen by clerks and patricians Beginning of the Little Ice Age Beginnings of the Ottoman Empire Avignon Papacy Fire at the Castle. Royal Palace uninhabitable. Wenceslas III murdered in his bed Thanks to the patrician family of Velflovec, some Meissen troops, supporting Henry of Corutania, broke through the town fortifications Henry abandons Prague, leaving the field open to John of Luxembourg John crowned in St Vitus 14 heretics burned at the stake the Great Famine Charles is born named after his godfather Charles IV of France First mention of a purkmistr The mint created a new representative coin, golden florins Charles returns from Italy Hundred Years' War begins Butchers' guild first mentioned. A Bohemian lion with an axe is added to their insignia for their help to John. Floods destroy the Judith Bridge St Giles built

1300s

1303 1309 1310

1311 1315 1315-1317 1316

1318 1325 1333 1337 1339

1342 1342-1371

1344

Prague archbishopric established. Arnost of Pardubice first archbishop. Battle of Crcy John dies at Crcy Charles king The Crown of St Wenceslas forged Charles crowned in St Vitus Carmelite monastery and Our Lady of the Snows founded Na Slovanech founded

1346

1347

1347-1351 1348-1350

Black Death New Town founded and fortifications built. New fortifications at Vysehrad. New Town and Charles University founded Construction of the Cathedral of St Vitus An embassy from the Empire brings a treasure to Prague that is permanently exhibited in the chapel at Charles Square St Catherine and the neighbouring Augustinian convent sanctified St Wenceslas Chapel and the Golden Gate finished Old and New Towns unified Gothic reconstruction of Ss Peter and Paul initiated Konrad Waldhauser, religious reformer, dies St Vitus mosaik made by Venetian artists

1348

1350

1357 1367

Construction of the Charles Bridge starts

1369

1370-1371

1370-1387 1372

1373 1375-1385 1378 1379-1380 1380

Great Schism of the West Charles IV dies

Peter Parler builds the Chapel of All Saints First market of saltwater fish on Charles Square The Church of the Holy Virgin and St Jeronymus at the Benedictine monastery of Na Slovanech sanctified Statue of St George erected on St George's Square Peter Parler creates the 21 busts in St Vitus

1381 1383

Plague in Prague. 3500 people buried just in the cemetery of St Stephen Chapel at Old Town Hall finished Wenceslas IV moves to the Royal Court The university moves to the Carolinium Pogroms Bethlehem Chapel founded Death of John Nepomuk Wenceslas imprisoned Kalmar Union Old Town Hall burns

1389 1391 1393 1394 1397 1399 1400s 1400

Early modern period Wenceslas IV deposed as King of the Romans Ruprecht III chosen as King of the Romans Meissen troops invade Prague to force Wenceslas IV to recognise Ruprecht.

1401

1402 1403

John Huss preacher in Bethlehem Chapel The 45 articles of John Wycliffe refuted at the university John Huss rector of the university Decree of Kutna Hora Battle of Grunwald Archbishop Zbynek Zajic of Hazmburk burns Wycliffe's writings on his Lesser Town courtyard. Flees from Prague. Puts a ban on Huss and his followers. Astronomical Clock built The archbishop declares an interdictum on Prague, but it is cancelled by Wenceslas. The Papal Curia intensifies the ban on Huss. Protests against the selling of forgiveness German attack on Bethlehem Chapel At the initiative of Jakoubek ze Stbra believers started receiving communion in both kinds in St Martin Jan Hus burned at the stake Nobles protest against the burning of Hus and create a defensive league The representatives of the three Prague towns confesses to the chalice and decides to fight together against the Church

1409

1410

1411

1412

1414

1415

1415-1416

The Hussites manage to expel most Catholic priests and replace them with their own. Wenceslas confirms this. After pressure from Sigismund and the Pope, Wenceslas strengthens the Catholics in Prague. Only three churches are left to the predominantly Hussite city. Wenceslas appoints anti-reformist councillors to New Town Hall. Jan Zelezny and his followers perform the First Defenestration Wenceslas dies. Violence breaks out in Prague against churches and monasteries.

1419

1419-1434 1421

Hussite Wars The archbishop joins the Hussites Jan Zelezny's followers occupy the Old Town Hall All rents discontinued The Prague towns unified Under Sigismund Korybutovic, the Praguers lay siege to Karlstejn. Zizka defeats the Calixtines Prague towns divided Zizka defeats the Calixtines and the Catholics Peace treaty between Prague and Zizka

1422

1423 1424

Prague Town Council continued their books. Confiscations confirmed.

1427

An attempt by Calixtine nobles and Conservative Hussites to regain power in Prague fails. Jakoubek ze Stribro, heir to Huss, dies. Armed conflict between New and Old Town. The university reopens Charles Bridge damaged by floods Hussites send envoy to the Church Council of Basil. Jan Rokycan chosen archbishop. Not acknowledged by the Pope. Jan Velvar swears obedience to Sigismund in the name of Prague and other towns Old Town Council arrest Jan Velvar and followers Golden Horde breaks up. Khanate of Kazan created. Attempt to overthrow the conservative Old Town Council Jan van Eyck dies Papal legate Juan Karvajal in Prague. Jan Smiricky and Vaclav Dursmid executed for intriguing against George of Podebrad Ladislav Pohrobek crowned

1428 1429 1431 1430 1432 1433 1435

Joan of Arc ends Siege of Orleans Dracula born

1436

1438 1440s 1440

1441 1448 1453

Constantinople falls

Battle of Castillon last engagement of the Hundred years war

1454-1466

Poles defeat Teutonic Knights

1455-1485 1458 1462 1467 1469 1471

Wars of the Roses Old Town Hall extended Mehmed the Conqueror defeated by Vlad III Dracula Unity of Zelena Hora Unification of Spain Matthias Corvinus conquers Bohemia George of Podebrad dies at the Royal Court. Vladislav II Jagiellon crowned. Royal festivities in Prague. Matthias Corvinus defeats Turks Four Calixtine prelates thrown in prison. Matthias Corvinus captures Vienna First print shops in Prague. Jan Ruze repairs the Orloj and addds the calendar dial. The faade is decorated with sculptures. Boabdil surrenders Granada. End of Reconquista Jews expelled from Spain Columbus lands in the Americas Spain and Portugal divide the world between themselves Vasco da Gama goes to India and back. Rise of the west Reformation Copernicus Ottoman expansion Shiite Islam Tycho Brahe

1477 1479 1480 1485 1487 1490

1492

1492 1497-1499 1500s

1500

Ottomans defeat Venetians at Lepanto

Vladislav's land order accepted.

1501 1502

Michaelangelo returns to Florence and begins David African slaves in the Americas

Defence league between Prague and 29 royal towns Vladislav Hall finished Fire in Lesser Quarter destroys 60 houses.

1503

Da Vinci starts Mona Lisa Nostradamus born

1504

Through a privilege by Vladislav, the New Town is granted the same status as the Old Town. Columbus dies Fire in the New Town around today's Spalena destroys 20 houses Lesser Quarter placed directly under the king's command.

1506

1507

1512 1513 1517

Copernicus writes Commentariolus Machiavelli writes The Prince The Reformation begins

1518

Expedition against Jindrich Bohnicky Treaty of St Wenceslas finishes the years of conflict between towns and nobles. The Council of the Ten Lords created. Old and New Towns unified.

1519

Da Vinci dies Charles I of Spain becomes HRE as Charles V Magellan circumnavigates the world Cortes conquers Mexico Tomas Muntzer arrives in Prague. Louis Jagiellon comes to Prague with his court.

1519-22 1519-21 1521 1522

1523 1524 1526 1527 1528 1529 1531 1532 1537

Swedish independence from Kalmar Union Cocoa bean introduced in Spain Ottomans defeat Ferdinand I gains Hungarians at Bohemia and Mohacs Hungary Reformation begins in Sweden

Louis has lunch at Old Town Hall Jan Pasek z Vratu expels the lutherans from the city.

Jan Pasek's rule falls. 1st Turkish siege of Vienna A priest is executed for forgery. Pizarro conquers the Inca Ferdinand opens the New Mint in Prague, the third one in the kingdom after Kutna Hora and Jachymov. Ferdinand gave the island Little Venice to the Prague artillery. From then on called Sharpshooters' Island.

1541 1545 1547

Council of Trent Ivan the Terrible first tsar of Russia

Fire at Lesser Quarter devastates 197 houses. Revolt against Ferdinand. Ferdinand takes Prague. Old and New Towns capitulate. At the Council of Bartholomew, Ferdinand proclaims his centralising changes. Guilds abolished. Prague's autonomy restricted. New royal court in Prague. Ferdinand gains control over the legal system. Great plague in Prague.

1550 1552
Russians conquer Kazan

1553 1555

Mary Tudor first queen of England Members of the Unity of Brethren arrested. Ferdinand of Tyrol lays the foundation stone of Hvezda. A comet over Prague is seen in the sky for 12 days. The first 12 Jesuits arrive in Prague. The king orders to Jews to be expelled, but the order is not carried out due to economical reasons. Elizabeth I queen The guilds renew their operation. Lightning strikes New Town Hall tower. Elizabeth Bathory born Francis Bacon born

1556

1557

1558-1603 1558 1559 1560 1561 1562

After a long vacancy, an archbishop is appointed Jesuit Clementinum receives the rights for higher education and to award academic titles. Maximilian II crowned

1562-98 1564

French wars of religion Galileo Galilei born William Shakespeare baptised

1566-1648 1567 1570

Eighty Years' War between Spain and the Netherlands Mary, Queen of Scots, imprisoned A council of imperial princes is held in Prague. At the festivities the people can see a live elephant and lion. Holy League defeat Ottomans at Lepanto

1571

1575

1576 1577-80 1581 1579 1580 1582 1583 1585

Union of Utrecht Philip II starts building the Spanish Armada Yermak conquers Siberia Khanate Francis Drake circles the world

The Singing Fountain built. Maximilian promises to respect the Bohemian Confession. Archduke Rudolf crowned Bohemian king Great fire at Charles Bridge

100 people die during a great flood

Great plague in Prague and Bohemia Rudolf definitely chooses Prague as residence. Demonstrative celebrations of the holiday of John Huss.

1585-1604 1588 1593-1606 1595

Anglo-Spanish War England repulses Spanish Armada The Long War between Habsburgs and Ottomans Rudolf declaires painters to be an artist guild, rather than a crafts guild. Russian tsar Boris Godunov sends an embassy to Prague. Herbarium by Peter Andrei Matthioli translated and published Krocin marble fountain built on OTS. Golden Lane built Walloon mercenaries on their way to Hungary wreak havoc in NT. Giordano Bruno publishes two texts while in Prague.

1596

Birth of Descartes

1597

1598

Aegid Sadeler in Prague Castle District becomes a royal town. Imperial mandates about street cleaning in the wake of a plague epidemic caused by floods. Tycho Brahe comes to Prague Capuchin monaster and Our Lady of the Angels built in the Castle District. Loreta built John Jessenius performs first public autopsy.

1600

Giordano Bruno burned at the stake

British East India Company begins

1600s

Dutch Golden Age The Baroque French Grand Siecle The Scientific Revolution The General Crisis European colonization of the Americas

1601 1602

Tycho Brahe dies Dutch East India Company founded High Chanceller Zdenek Popel of Lobkowitz unseats the mayor of Lesser Town for not taking part in the procession of Corpus Christi.

Elizabeth Bathory

1603

Elizabeth I dies

Fire in the Jewish Ghetto destroys 70 houses.

James VI unites Scotland and England

1604

Price regulations for craftsmen First map of OT and NT by Simon Podolsky

1606

The Long War between Ottomans and Austria ends

Spanish Hall built

1607

Jamestown settled

Water tower at Novomlynska built Wenceslas Hollar, draughtsman that depicted Prague, born

1608 1609

Quebec City founded Catholic League established Council of the Protestant Estates at NTH Rudolf's Majestas finally sets down in writing the rights to religious freedom in Bohemia Rabbi Loew dies German Lutherans builds the Church of Our Saviour Rudolf abdicates Matthew crowned German Lutherans build the Church of the Holy Trinity, first Baroque building in Prague.

1611

1612 1613 1614

Rudolf II dies Romanov dynasty founded Matthias Gate built. First secular baroque structure in Prague. Shakespeare dies Ferdinand II of Styria crowned. Early Baroque Church of Charles Borromeo built. Radical enemies of the Catholics meet at Smiricky Palace New government elected The Prague towns join the rebellion Jesuits expelled

1616 1617

1618

Bohemian Revolt

Bohemian Revolt

First defenestration

1619

Ferdinand II dethroned. Friedrich Wittelsbach crowned. Battle of White Mountain The Prague towns refuse to lend Frederick of the Palatinate money. Frederick abandons Prague. Unconditional surrender to Maximilian I Royal Commissar Karl Lichtenstejn disarms Prague's burghers. Jesuits return. Catholic confiscation starts with the takeover of Ss Simon and Jude by the Brother Hospitallers of St John of God (Brothers of Mercy)

1620

1621

Execution of 21 rebels

Lower Consistory of the Hussites Church closed. Karl Lichtenstejn issues patents to refugees to appear before the investigative commission. High-profile represenatives of the Uprising of the Estates arrested in Prague. Main altar in St Vitu sanctified. Court proceedings start against the Estates government and other participants in the Estates Uprising at Prague Castle. Verdicts 27 participants in the Uprising executed on OTS, out of them 15 Prague burghers.

1622

All non-Catholics excepts Lutherans expelled from Bohemia General pardon issued Lutherans expelled from the Holy Saviour in OT and The Holy Trinity in LQ. Non-Catholic universities closed. Carolinum handed over to the Jesuits. Catholicism condition for membership of the town councils.

1623 1624

Ferdinand II comes to Prague. Church of the Holy Trinity taken over by the Carmelites and renamed Our Lady Victorious Royal towns and their subjugates forced to accept Catholicism Richelieu centralizes France New Amsterdam founded St Peter completed St Norbert's remains translated to Our Lady at Strahov. Prague experienced the first Baroque festivities. First Land Diet after White Mountain. Polyxena of Lobkowitz donates the statue of the Infant Jesus to Our Lady Victorious. Jesuit College at Charles Square founded Ferdinand II gives St Linhart to the French congregation of St Louis

1624-1642 1625 1626 1627

Jesuit College at St Nicholas in LQ founded.

1628

1629 1631

Richelieu allies with Sweden Priest Vavrinec Hanzbursky executed Saxon army occupies Prague. Non-Catholic emigrants return. The 27 heads on the Charles Bridge buried.

1632

Battle of Lutzen

The Palladium of Old Boleslav defiled. Albrecht Wallenstein reconquers Prague. 16 officers accused of cowardice at the Battle of Lutzen executed on OTS. Swedish-Saxon army camps at Bila Hora. The Peace of Prague concluded at the Castle. Prague City Guard founded The Capuchin monastery in the New Town founded

1633

1934 1935 1636

Harvard University founded

1637 1639

Discours de la Methode by Descartes The Palladium of Old Boleslav bought back from the Saxons and returned to Prague. The Swedish army camps at Bila Hora again.

1641 1645

Meditationes de prima philosophia by Descartes Archduke Leopold Wilhelm, younger brother of Ferdinand III and supreme commander of the Imperial Army, puts a permanent garrison in Prague. Ferdinand IV crowned at the Castle

1646

1648

Peace of Westphalia

1649

The Swedish army occupies the Castle and LQ Swedish army lay siege to OT and NT Peace Treaty with Sweden New fortifications constructed Ferdinand III rewards the Prague Towns for their faithfulness in defence. The Palladium of Old Boleslav returned again after being stolen by the Swedish army The Marian Column built on OTS. Negotiations at the Castle with the PrinceElectors regarding the election of Ferdinand IV as new King of the Romans At the order of the Emperor, the Charles University was joined with the Jesuit university at Carolinum and renamed the CharlesFerdinand University Josef Priami of Rovereta designs the Vysehrad Citadel

1650

1652

1653

1655-1661 1656

Northern Wars, Sweden Great Power Coronation of Eleonora Gonzaga, Ferdinand III's third wife, and his son and heir Leopold I Leopold Vilem reinvigorates Rudolf's collection. New bronze crucifix on Charles Bridge. English Restoration Old Town buys Liben Castle

1657

1660 1662

1663

1664

British capture New Amsterdam, renamed New York

1665 1667-1699 1669 1673

Great Turkish War halts Ottomans

News about about the Turkish invasion of Hungary, eastern Austria and southeastern Moravia reaches Prague. Many people flee in panic. A postal connection was established between Prag, Dresden and Leipzig St Ignatius is founded by the Jesuit College in NT

1679

F. Caratti builds the Czernin Palace Construction proceeds at St Vitus Leopold I comes for a surprise visit to Prague. Fleeing the plague, Leopold moves to Prague with his court First victims of the plague in Prague News about peasant uprisings reaches Prague A powerful plague epidemic hits Prague. Leopold I abandons Prague.

1680

1682 1683 1685

Peter the Great tsar La Salle claims Louisiana for France Battle of Vienna

The statue of John Nepomucene put on the Charles Bridge Panoramic engraving by Folpertus van Ouden-Allen

1688

Thomas Savery demonstrates first steam engine The Glorious Revolution

1689

John Locke publishes Letter Concerning Toleration

Fire devastates parts of OT and NT, and almost the entire Jewish Quarter.

1692 1694 1695 1699

Salem witch trials Bank of England established Simon Abeles killed The glockenspiel of Loreta in function Treaty of Karlowitz, ends Great Turkish War

1700s

Enlightenment French and American revolutions Counter-revolution Ottoman Empire declining Division of the PolishLithuanian Commonwealth Defeat of France in the Americas British Conquest of India Industrial revolution

1700-1721 1701

Great Northern War Prussia declared Franz Antonin Spork establishes the first permanent private theatre in Na Porici.

1701-1714 1703 1703-1711 1704

War of the Spanish Succession St Petersburg founded Rakoczi Uprising The committee for improvement of the economy of the towns of the Bohemian Kingdom commences its activities A place of pilgrimage was constructed around Our Lady Victorious at Bila Hora

1706

1707

Act of Union between Scotland and England

K. Dientzenhofer builds St Nicholas on MS. Karel V. Heyser, a burgher from Kutna Hora, obtained permission to found a manufactory for brocade production First permission to sell coffee was given to Georgios Deodatus Damascenus Baroque reconstruction of the Brevnov monastery and St Margaret

1708

1708-1709 1709 1712 1713 1715

Famine in East Prussia Great Frost In Ujezd on MS the first Prague barracks were built Last plague epidemic breaks out in Prague Louis XIV dies The tradition with boat concerts on the eve of the holiday of John Nepomucene started On MS square the plague column of the Holy Trinity, by G. B. Alliprandi, a memorial to the plague epidemic of 1713-1714, was sanctified In the form of a patent, the imperial rescript was declared, which initiated the second wave of reCatholicisation of Bohemia. Teaching was commenced at the Estates Engineering School

1717

1718

First public transport using litters was commenced by F. X. Fachner

1719

Prazske postovske noviny, the first periodically published newspaper in Czech was founded At the exhumation of John Nepomucene, a piece of organical matters was found, considered to be the tongue. The beatification of John Nepomucene was celebrated The Coronation Route got its first permanent lighting with oil lamps. The premier of Jan Josef Fux's Constanza e fortezza, a coronation opera, took place at Prague Castle. The coronation of Karl IV and his wife Elisabeth Kristina was the biggest Baroque celebration in the kingdom and was considered as the secular equivalent of the canonisation of John Nepomucene The operetta Sub olea pacis et palma virtutis performed in Clementinum Canonisation festivities of John Nepomucene General patent of guilds declared First public poorhouse Marian plague column at Hradcany consecrated

1723

1729 1732 1734 1736

1740 1740-1748 1743

Frederick the Great in Prussia War of Austrian Succession Prague under siege. Martial law proclaimed Maria Tereza and K. I. Dientzenhofer build the Church of the Discovery of the Holy Cross Prussian army conquers Prague. The town is plundered. Peak of the Little Ice Age The office of governor is abolished and its powers transferred the Royal representation and chamber, reporting to Directorate for political and financial matters in Vienna. Observatory constructed in Clementinum The first modern census realised. First state lottery Seven Years' War Vehicles and pedestrians ordered to go on the right. A promenad is built on top of the filled in moat Catherine the Great in Russia James Cook explores New Zealand and Australia Famine in Bohemia Gustav III of Sweden absolute monarch Partion of Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth American Revolutionary War United States Declaration of Independence

1744

1750

1751 1754 1756-1763 1757 1760 1762-1796 1769-1773 1770-1771 1772

1775-1783 1776

1781 1783 1788 1789 1789-1799 1792 1792-1815 1800s

Los Angeles founded Russia annexes Crimea Settlement at Sydney Washington president French Revolution Gustav III of Sweden assassinated Napoleonic Wars

Collapse of the Spanish, First and Second French and Holy Roman Empires Rise of the US and the British, Russian and German Empires Industrial Revolution Victorian Era Pax Britannica Napoleonic Wars Crimean War Russo-Turkish War End of Balkan occupation of Ottomans Creation of Serbia, Bulgaria, Montenegro and Romania European Imperialism Bourbon Restoration Belle Epoque

1801

Thomas Jefferson president United Kingdom founded Concordat of 1801 Cairo falls to the British Moonlight Sonata First steamboat Louisiana Purchase

1802 1803

1804 1805 1806 1808 1809 1812 1813 1814 1815

Napoleon emperor Francis I emperor Battle of Austerlitz HRE dissolved Beethoven's Fifth Symphony Napoleon dissolves Teutonic Knights French invasion of Russia Pride and Prejudice Napoleon on Elba Congress of Vienna Napoleon's Hundred Days Battle of Waterloo Exile to St Helena Start of Pax Britannica Jane Austen's Emma Mount Tambora erupts Year without summer Russian conquest of Caucasus Frankenstein Discovery of Antarctica Greek War of Independence Monroe Doctrine Beethoven's Ninth Symphony First public railway Combustion engine William Blake dies Beethoven dies

1816 1817 1818 1820 1821-1830 1823 1824 1825 1826 1827 1829

Goethe's Faust First electric motor First modern police force July Revolution in France Belgian Revolution November Uprising in Poland France invades Algeria

1830

1831

1831-1836 1834 1836 1837

Great Bosnian uprising Charles Darwin's journey on the HMS Beagle End of Spanish Inquisition Battle of the Alamo Colt revolver Telegraphy Oliver Twist Pushkin dies

1837-1901 1839 1839-1860 1840 1842 1843 1845-1849 1846-1847 1847

Victoria reigns Kingdom of Belgium declared Opium Wars New Zealand founded Treaty of Nanking Anaesthesia A Christmas Carol The Tell-Tale Heart Irish Potato Famine Mormon migration to Utah Jane Eyre Wuthering Heights Agnes Grey

1848 1848-1858 1849

Communist Manifesto Revolutions of 1848 California Gold Rush safety pin gas mask Austrian air raid against Venice Little Ice Age ends Great Exhibition in London Louis Napoleon Austrialian gold rush Crimean War phonautograph On the Origin of Species

1850 1851 1851-1860 1853-1856 1858 1859

1859 1861-1865 1861 1863 1863-1865 1864 1865

Suez Canal American Civil War Russia abolishes serfdom International Red Cross London Underground opens Polish uprising against Russia First Geneva Convention Lincoln assassinated Gregor Mendel's laws of inheritance Transatlantic telegraph Austro-Prussian War ends Dissolution of the German Confederation Creation of the North German Confederation Creation of the Austro-Hungarian Dual Monarchy Periodic table Suez Canal opens

1866

1869 1870-1871

Franco-Prussian War Unification of Germany Unification of Italy Collapse of the Second French Empire Second Industrial Revolution Long Depression Paris Commune Stanley and Livingstone First international soccer match Samurais abolished Blue jeans Barbed wire

1871-1914 1870-1890 1871 1872 1873

1874

First Impressionist exhibition

1876

Bulgarian April Uprising Ring Cycle Little Bighorn

1876-1914 1877 1878 1879 1880-1881 1881 1882 1883 1884 1884-1885 1885 1886

Gilded Age Phonograph telephone light bulb first boer war pogroms in russia electrical power plant British invade Egypt Krakatoa Treasure Island Germany controls Cameroon Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Berlin Conference scramble for Africa Congo Free State Singer sewing machines Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde Automobile Statue of Liberty Coca Cola

1887 1888 1889

A Study in Scarlet Jack the Ripper Eiffel Tower Vincent Van Gogh's Starry Night Aspirin

1890

Italy annexes Eritrea Van Gogh dies cardboard box

1892

Basketball fingerprinting Nutcracker Suite

1893 1894-1900

US in Hawaii Dreyfuss affair

1895

Volleyball Trial of Oscar Wilde The Importance of Being Earnest x-rays

1896

Klondike gold rush radioactivity electron

1898

US controls Cuba, Puerto Rico and the Philippines War of the Worlds Boxer Rebellion Second Boer War

1898-1900 1899-1902 1900s 1903

Wright Brothers' flight Bolsheviks and Mensheviks teddy bear invented Russo-Japanese war trans-siberian railway completed Panama Canal begins

1904

1905

end of RussoJapanese War Revolution in Russia Trans-Siberian Railway opened Relativity theory Schlieffen plan proposed Las Vegas founded Earth quakes in San Francisco First commercial radio Ford Model T Young Turk Revolution Austro-Hungary annexes BosniaHerzegovina Bosnian Crisis

1908

1909

Bosnian Crisis ends

1910 1911 1912

George V king of UK South Africa created Roald Amundsen reaches South Pole atomic nucleus Republic of China established Titanic sinks Balkan Wars begin Woodrow Wilson elected Arizona admitted

1913

Niels Bohr's model of the atomic nucleus Balkan Wars end assembly line

1914 1915 1916

Franz Ferdinand assassinated Panama Canal opens Armenian Genocide Easter Rising daylight saving time Rasputin assassinated

1917

Russian Revolution Russian Civil War Independence of Poland End of WW1 German Revolution Kaiser Wilhelm abdicates Spanish flu pandemic Romanovs murdered Poland, Ukraine and Belarus declare independence Finnish Civil War State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs established British occupy Palestine Treaty of Versailles

1918

1919

German Revolution ends Weimar Republic Estonia independent League of Nations founded Polish-Soviet war Italian Fascists established Comintern established International Labor Organisation established proton evidence for relativity

1921

Irish Free State established Adolf Hitler fuehrer hyperinflation in Weimar Republic Russia invades Georgia End of Russian Civil War End of Polish-Soviet war Italian reconquest of Libya Egypt gains independence British forces continue occupying Suez Canal Tutankhamens tomb March on Rome Irish Civil War Ottoman Empire abolished Soviet Union established Ulysses Non-cooperation movement hyperinflation in Weimar Republic end Irish Civil War ends Beer Hall Putsch Kemal Ataturk president

1922

1923

Disney Company

1924

Lenin dies FBI founded Rhapsody in Blue

1925

Mussolini dictator Mein Kampf Television

1926

Hirohito emperor Dictatorship in Greece, Poland and Portugal First talking film Stalin leader Lindbergh flies to Paris penicillin Mickey Mouse

1927

1928 1929

Wall Street crash Great Depression Gulags Lateran Treaty

1931

Empire State Building Star-Spangled Banner Second Spanish Republic Chinese Soviet Republic British Commonwealth Roosevelt president Nazis largest party Neutron discovered

1932

1933

Hitler Chancellor New Deal Germany and Japan leave League of Nations Night of the Long Knives Hindenburg dies Hitler fuehrer

1934

1935

Mussolini conquers Abyssinia Persia becomes Iran

1936

Nuremberg racial laws Spanish Civil War Stalin's Great Purge Hoover Dam Arab Revolt in Palestine Italy annexes Ethiopia

1937

Japanese invade China Chamberlain prime minister Zeppelin Hindenburg Anschluss Munich Agreement Great Purge ends Kristallnacht Hitler man of the year Superman

1938

1939

Franco dictator Molotov-Ribbentrop Invasion of Poland

1940

Nazis invade France, the Netherlands, Denmark and Norway

Katyn massacre Winter War Churchill prime minister Battle of Britain the Blitz

1941

Operation Reinhard Pearl Harbor Nazi invasion of Soviet Union Siege of Tobruk Siege of Leningrad

1942 1943

Battle of Stalingrad begins Manhattan Project Battle of Stalingrad ends Kursk