Test 2: State of Matter (Gas) and Electrochemistry 1.1 1.2 1.3 a. b. c. What is the ideal gas equation?

Name the two laws that combine to form the ideal gas equation. A gas cylinder of volume 2.0 10!2 m3 was filled with nitrogen gas at 0 o". #he $ressure of the nitrogen gas in the cylinder was 2.0 10 % &'a. "alculate the number of moles of nitrogen gas in the cylinder. (f the cylinder was left standing in the hot sun at 3) o"* what was the $ressure of the nitrogen gas in the cylinder? (n an e $eriment done in the laboratory tem$erature of 20 o"* a student used the nitrogen gas from the cylinder to create an inert atmos$here. (f the $ressure of the gas in the cylinder dro$$ed to ).0 10 3 'a* calculate the number of moles of nitrogen gas used during the e $eriment. #he highest moon tem$erature at its equator is said to be as high as 130 o". What is the volume +in cm3, of a gas cylinder needed to contain 1.0 mol of o ygen gas on the moon at this tem$erature* &ee$ing the gas $ressure the same as the earth-s atmos$heric $ressure?

1.%

1.) a..sing the ideal gas equation* derive a formula that may be used to calculate the relative molecular mass of a gas. b. An un&nown gas in a 100.0 cm3 flas& at standard tem$erature and $ressure was found to weigh 0.2)/0 g. i. What is the relative molecular mass of the gas? ii. (f the em$irical formula of the un&nown gas is " 20)* what is its molecular formula? 2.1 2.2 a. b. c. What two assum$tions are made of an ideal gas? 1eal gases obey the ideal gas equation under certain conditions. 2ive an e am$le of a real gas. 3tate the conditions under which real gases behave ideally. 3tate the conditions under which real gases deviate from ideality the most.

2.3 a. 4raw a gra$h of PV/nRT vs P for5 i. an ideal gas. ii. a gas that deviates $ositively at all $ressures. 2ive an e am$le of the gas and e $lain the deviation. iii. a gas that deviates negatively at low $ressure. 2ive an e am$le of the gas and e $lain the deviation. b. Why do all real gases deviate $ositively at high $ressures?
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1.1 The diagram below shows the apparatus used to measure the standard electrode potential of silver.

a. b. c. i. ii. iii. d. 2.1

Explain what the term standard electrode potential of silver refers to. Name the chemicals or materials labelled A to G. The standard hydrogen electrode is the negative electrode in this cell arrangement. At which electrode are the following processes taking place reduction oxidation discharge of positive ions into the solution? Write a balanced equation for the overall cell reaction. The standard electrode potential, E values of a few elements are given below.

a. b. 2.3

Which of the three species, Br2, Mg2+ and Cl2 has the strongest oxidising power? Arrange the three species in order of increasing oxidising strength. The diagram below is an ion-ion half-cell. The reaction taking place in the half-cell is: Sn4+(aq) Sn2+(aq) + 2ea. Is the half-cell a positive or negative electrode? Explain your

answer. b. Draw the the half-cell diagram for this electrode. 2.1 By reference to electrode potentials in the Data Booklet, predict whether the reactions below would take place under standard conditions.
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a. b. c. 2.2

Show how you determine your answer. 2Cl-(aq) + I2(s) 2I-(aq) + Cl2(g) Sn4+(aq) + 2Fe2+(aq) 2Fe3+(aq) + Sn2+(aq) H2O2(aq) + 2H+(aq) + 2I-(aq) 2H2O(l) + I2(s) The standard electrode potentials for a number of half-reactions are given in the table below.

a. b. i. ii. 1.1 a. b. 1.2

Use the data given to determine whether Zn can reduce Br 2 to Br-. Describe what you would observe if: a piece of aluminium were added to an aqueous solution of Zn 2+. a piece of titanium were dropped into a solution of iron(III) chloride. Calculate the electrode potential for the following half-cells: Ag(s)/Ag+(aq, 0.2 M) Pb4+(aq, 0.8 M)/Pb2+(aq, 0.4 M) Calculate the equilibrium constant, Kc for the reaction is given below. The cell E of the cell is +0.65 V. An electrochemical cell is set up as shown by the cell diagram given below: Write the half-cell equations and include their standard electrode potentials. Write the equation for the overall cell reaction. Calculate the e.m.f. of the cell under standard conditions. Write the Nernst equation for the cell under non-standard conditions. What will happen to the e.m.f. of the cell if the concentration of Ni 2+(aq) is increased to more than 1.0 mol dm-3? What will happen to the e.m.f. of the cell if the concentration of Ag +(aq) is increased to more than 1.0 mol dm-3? Explain the effect of adding potassium chloride to the silver half-cell. Complete the table below for the electrolysis of an aqueous solution of silver nitrate using platinum electrodes.
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2.1 a. b. c. d. e. f. g. 1.1

2.1

When a certain quantity of electric charges flow through a solution of silver nitrate, 32.4 g of silver is deposited. Calculate the mass of aluminium that will be deposited when the same amount of electric charge flows through a solution of aluminium nitrate. [Relative atomic mass: Al = 27; Ag = 108] Calculate the time taken (in hours) to deposit 8.0 g of nickel from a solution of nickel(II) sulphate when a current of 1.5 A flows through the solution. [Relative atomic mass of nickel is 58.7] Calculate the amount of copper deposited on the copper cathode when a current of 1.5 A flows for 30 minutes during the electrolysis of a solution of silver nitrate. [Relative atomic mass of silver = 108; 1 F = 9.65 x 104 C mol -1] A current of 1.2 A is passed through a solution of zinc sulphate for 1.5 hours. Calculate the volume of the gas liberated at the cathode at room temperature. [1 mol of any gas occupies 24.0 dm3 at room temperature]

2.2

3.1

3.2

3.2 a. b. c. d.

The above diagram shows a circuit suitable for the electroplating of plastics. What must be done to the plastic before electroplating with other metals can take place? Suggest a suitable electrolyte X if we want to electroplate the plastic with chromium. Write an ionic equation for the deposition of chromium ion the plastic. What is the purpose of electroplating plastic with chromium?