INTRODUCTION

Since the Spanish set foot on America, begins the story of our dialect, they brought with them a language and machined from the Roman Empire, and many aspects that won the meet Arab culture. But not until the meeting of two worlds, those indigenous nuances will give early indications of what will be the Spanish in America. In our particular case, the fundamental features of dialect formation of the Spanish language in Chile is based, essentially those who have defined the Andalusian variety. But along with the preponderance that the Andalusian is contingent on the Chilean social panorama from the sixteenth to the late seventeenth, also find their own features in national talk mode. Nature, scope and objectives of the research This paper aims to conduct research for the purpose of collecting sociolinguistic data. The method we adopt to gather information was based on an interview of three questions. For this investigation we selected random people within the university campus and places near it. The questions were the same to all the people in order to get answers with varieties of speech language in Arica. We think this method will provide the necessary information to analyze and recognize different phenomena in the way of speak of people. With this research we hope gather some information of the sociolinguistics variables embodied in the speech of the community.

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

SOCIOLINGUISTIC: Discipline that studies language in relation to society. System or set of relationships established between individuals and groups in order to establish some kind of collective, structured in defined fields of action in which the processes of belonging, adaptation, participation, behavior, authority, bureaucracy, regulate conflict and others. This consists of the social structure is the set of ways in which groups and individuals are organized and related to each other and to the different areas of society. In sociology, the structure is a tool for analyzing social reality. Sociolinguistics demonstrate and spread in the late 1960s and early 1970s, marking net differences with other related disciplines such as dialectology (the study of dialects). Sociolinguistic attempts to establish correlations occasionally through cause-effect relationship between linguistic and social phenomena. Unlike the sociology of language, tends to explain social phenomena through linguistic signs and the central object of study is the language functioning within a social structure. The hypothesis of splitting these studies is that the functioning of language is valid only within the social, cultural and political context in which it is developed and used. Sociolinguistic studies are conducted on an empirical level, with data collected directly by observation, and on a theoretical level through intense reflections leading to a systematic explanation of the data collected. The theoretical limits of this discipline are very diffuse and often confused with other related areas of study such as anthropology , social psychology , pragmatics , discourse analysis and, of course , sociology and linguistics. The characteristic of the Chilean dialect pronunciation is given by Andalusian heritage, with which we share, regarding system practically everything, but in turn, we must consider that present a fundamental basic vocabulary, which is the equity . In the audio up only differ by lacking two phonemes : fully , which we represent with the letter "z " , and almost completely , which we represent with the letter "ll" , the first replaced by / s / , and the second by / y / . This is the phenomenon known as ' lisp ' and ' yesmo '. In the text "Latin American Spanish lisps expansion in Chile and elsewhere in Latin America, as a result of differentiation of the Creoles against the tenants explained, giving an individualistic importance and its own culture. The onset, progression and generalization of lisp are closely related to the new nature of the Spanish conquistadors and settlers and the first Creole, cultural and individual, and with the new conditions of social life.

But finally, we use the spelling of the Royal Spanish Academy, we retain the graphemes "z and "ll", regardless of their pronunciation. Since our independence has only been observed a gradual increase yesmo because with lisp regard, an increasing loss of that at the end of syllables (aspiration) and the emergence of a variant of the phoneme we represent with the letter seen "ch pronounced roughly like "sh" . So also found in colloquial language a "d" is replaced by an intervocalic dental fricative, feature released by several Latin American sectors and transmitted from several Spanish regions.

LITERARY REVIEW

Since the XX, there has been a lot of interest in the phonetics and how people use the sounds of the words from different perspectives such as place, gender and social environment. Several authors from different countries have investigated this issue because it's an important part of any culture to understand why people pronounce like they do. The Spanish that we talk in Chile is a standard variation of Spanish as happened in the Hispanic languages, that's why its said we talk castellano o "espaol. There are some studies related to the main issue of our investigation in Chile. So aspiration-conversion of sound /s/ (deaf alveolar sibilant fricative) in the sound /h/, that is one of the most difficult sounds to perceive, can be seen and explain in a number of studies. One of them, realized by the Universidad de Chile in 2000, is based on the work made by Ambrosio Rabanales who published in his study that the pronunciation of final -s and aspiration is given in this country. Based in this article, we wanted to demonstrate how these phenomena occur in this city. According to Ambrosio Rabanales, the consulted author to make this study, important factors determine the way of speaking that lie on the socio-cultural level of the person, the attitude he/she adopts, their gender and the activity in which they are involved. (El Espaol de Chile, Presente y Futuro, 2000.135-136.).

Moreover, Joshua Fishman, leading ideologue in the framework of the sociology of language, state that: "The field of the sociology of language is defined as a point on which converges the full spectrum of issues related to the social organization of linguistic behavior. We deal with a perspective that covers all issues related to language, a perspective that is displayed in the past revolutionary consequences if it really constitutes a research field. "We intend to study everything that relates to the language from the point of view of its social function. "Man as regular user of the language is constantly connected to others through shared norms of behavior. Sociology of language examines the interaction between these two aspects of human behavior. Stated briefly, the sociology of language deals with the full spectrum of issues related to the social organization of linguistic behavior, including not only the per language use but is also the same language attitudes and behaviors toward explicit language and to its users. . "Explicit language and to its users. . .Having these studies as bases, is possible to recognize that what have been investigated in this study is entirely true and coincide with the studies mentioned above.

METHODOLOGY

The methodology used to make possible this field research consisted of several steps, which will be explained below: First we had to decide an approximated amount of people we should interview, enough to show some patterns that would help our investigation, and at the end we decided that around 20 people would be necessary. The second step was to decide which days we could do this, choosing the weekend before the last, and also the Tuesday and Thursday that the teacher left to us to work on this. Third, we had to choose what places we should visit to see a variety in the answers and more importantly in the way of speaking so we decided to do it in the university and Downtown. For this purpose we used 3 open questions for each person: 1- A qu te dedicas adems de tus labores diarias?. (This question was created to facilitate the interaction between us and the people). 2- Cul es tu postura poltica frente a las siguientes elecciones? (In this case we used this question to set a semi important atmosphere. 3- Asociaras el aumento de la delincuencia en Arica con el aumento de extranjeros? (This was a difficult question for everyone; we could tell in their faces that they had to think deeper to give us a good answer that doesnt affect their moral judge). Even though this was an anonymous, just survey asked them certain personal data that does not reveal their identity, such as age, population, and if they were Ariqueos, so we could make a range between ages, trying to figure out their economic situation based on where they live and if they were from other city that could affect their way to express. We knew that this interview could make people speak differently, so, as an addition we tape some people talking without asking them anything, to have a real situation of spontaneous communication.

DATA ANALISIS

Among all interviewed always had a tendency, as is usual among Chileans, to omit the s at the end of each word either singular or plural. Also found much use crutches because the fact to answer questions from a stranger made many feel nervous and express markedly different than they did , as increased nervousness in your prayers and increased use of words was noticeable they could make them look better. - We interviewed 4 students of physical education, 2 women and 2 men, including the lengthening of the final vowel is stressed in the speech of women (recordings 4 and 5) , extending words like sinceraaaaaa , bailaaaaaar , saliiiiir, and among men more noticeable change in their responses to look better than they were (recordings 13 and 16) , without falling into many grammatical errors. Also noteworthy that placed greater emphasis on the second question about his political stance , supporting more Bachelet , mainly for his fight against the right, and another interesting social fact is that if women blame foreigners for increasing crime in CHILE more not men . - Similarly interviewed 4 students of the English program, 3 women and 1 man because of the female population in this program. Here there was no nervousness felt by women who responded calmly with good grammar, only showing the typical end aspirations S (recordings 4, 6 , 17) , while the only interviewee baron showed increased nervousness , it which affected many of their responses, as the phrase " much Colombian arto millio " to refer to the third question , showing more yesmos , aspirations and lengthening of final vowels . Here the lack of political participation that have compared to physical education as neither is very interested in participating more than a duty or obligation , nor is keen to blame foreigners for the recent crime in Arica stands . - Among respondents engineering career noticeable greater communicative difficulties with these people because they are not expressed almost no naturally to us, except for two special cases. We interviewed 2 women and 2 men , although his grammar was not much good to make mistakes risked giving long answers , only in some cases showing typical aspirations of the s at the end of sentences no more detectable phenomena , showing almost no interest and little political resentment against foreigners.

- In the case of UTAs officials older and with experience, we decided to interview six to contrast the people of their age to people of our generation getting various opinions regarding the questions but showing the greatest amount of detectable linguistic phenomena in his speech, ranging from aspirations to elisions s final consonants in middle of words and also showing greater interest in providing answers which led them to more identifiable errors like: "shore - oriiia flies moooca . However, this type of errors was a little more on the women who maintained quiet and orderly men diction.

ANALYZING THE SPEECH OF PEOPLE Subject number 1

Phenomena detected: The main sociolinguistic variable we detect in the first person is the aspiration of the final S. We can notice this variable in the minute [0:29] when the person says naah ma and also this variable of language is detected in the [0:57] [1:07] [1:13] [1:43] [2:24] [3:44]

Elision: This variable appears in the [2:33] when the subject says PA

Subject number 2
Aspiration of the final S: This variable appears in the minute [1:13] when the subject says Juego con mis hermano also this variable is in the minute [ 1:50] when the subject says lah. Elision: [1:16] - [1:39] the variable of elision is recognized when the subject says no hago nah and when he says es que la VERDAH Also this subject tends convert the CH to a SH in the minute [3:02] when he says MUSHA and in the [1:46] when he says BASHELEH.

Subject number 3
This subject presents the following variables: Aspiration of the final S: que can notice clearly this phenomena at [1:10] when he says: Lo unico que leh interesa eh ganar plata the degree of aspiration in this subject is so increased that in the word EH the E vocal is almost imperceptible Yeismo: This variable is present at the beginning of the interview [0:13] when the subject says YO Also is present when he says Ella llega at [0:35] Ch to SH: this variable is perceptible when the subject says the word noche as NOSHE at the [0:29] and [0:36]
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Subject number 4
This subject pronounces clearly but tends to use tags and extend the word length.

Subject number 5
The subject number 5 like the number 4 tends to use tags and extend the word length.

Subject number 6
Inflection and aspiration of S: [0:26] ma - [1:10] ma- [1:45] varia - [2:32] loh The change of CH to SH at [0:06] when the subject says ESCUSHAR Elision: The variable of elision is detected in multiple times like in [0:17] when he says PAA And [0:19] when he says EECCIONE, also in the minute [0:28] - [0:29]

Subject number 7
Inflection and aspiration of S: at [0:15] when the subject says GUTA instead of Gusta. Elision: here we have some cases of elision with this subject, at [0:11] when he says POEJEMPLO and at [0:25] - [0:48] when he repeat the word GENEAL.

Subject number 8
Inflection and aspiration of S: we can notice this when he says PAI instead of Pais Elision: At the minute [1:08] when the guy says NA instead of Nada.

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Subject number 9
This subject changed his register when he talked to us, so he was aware and trying dont committed mistakes, but we can detect some mistakes like when he says PAI at [1:43] here we have a clear case of Inflection of the S.

Subject number 10
Aspiration of S: we can hear this variable at [0:07] when the subject says LO QUE E Elision: we can hear this variable at [0:19] when the subjects says PA .

Subject number 11 and 12

These two cases speak in a proper way, but the use of tags and pet words was a common factor like in all the recordings.

Subject number 13
This subject presents a minimal quantity of variables like in the minute [1:06] we can notice aspiration of final S when she says ALGUNO instead of Algunos.

Subject number 14
This subject presents a minimal quantity of variables, but in the minute [0:37] we can hear the elision on the final S when she says MEDIO, also aspiration of final S is present from [0:33 to 35] when she says MA instead of Mas. The other important factor is that she extends the word length.

Subject number 15
This subject present the change of CH to SH at the minute [0:06] when he says ESCUSHAR MUSICA.
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Also we can notice a lot of aspiration of the S, elision and yeismos in words with LL and Y. For example: Yeismo : Orilla - playa Aspiration in words like MOHCA instead of moscas Elision: PESCAO Aspiration. ABURRIOH instead of aburridos that is a combination of Elision and

Subject number 16
This subject has a good vocabulary and pronunciation, we didn't notice variables on her language, but also tends to extend the word length.

Subject number 17
She tends to extend the word length and has a minimal aspiration of the S, but in general express her ideas with a clear pronunciation.

Subject number 18
Also the subject tends to extend the word length. But in general she has a clear pronunciation.

Subject number 19
This subject present a little amount of aspiration like in the [0:34 and 0:38] when she says HEMO instead of HEMOS.

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Subject 20
The subject tends to extend the word length. And we can recognize the variable that changes the CH to a SH and we can notice this at the minute [0:22] when he says ESCUSHAR Also present some Elision at [1:12] when he says PROSPERAO instead of PROSPERADO. [1:35] TENE instead of TENER The named variables are in almost in a great part on the recordings and with this subject are pretty easy recognizing them.

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1 - Extension of last letters (sinceraaaaa saliiiiir ..... .... .... Bailaaaaar Colombiaaaaanoooo ) , active political position (Bachelet), blames foreigners, most Colombians. 2 - yeismo ( shore = oriiiia ) , aspiration sy elision d (fish - pehcao , mohca `- flies, I bored - aburrioh ) ( artas elisions ) , no political position ( do not vote ) , blames Colombians. 3 - Somewhat lengthening letters, good grammar, active political participation (Bachelet), check blames Colombians. 4 - Good grammatical structure, except a typical final aspiration of s (movies peliculah) be forced to vote for vowel table, because of both sides. 5 - Some letters addable ( cumpleaoooos , navideaaas ), no political interest only for civic duty, blames foreigners. 6 - Good grammar, late in the language typical s aspirations, no political participation, not cast blame on foreigners 7 - Elongation of final vowels (bicicletaaaaa .... Hermanooos ..), with aspirations end in s, yesmo (there arto - ayarto). No political position. It's all the fault of the recent increase in Colombian crime he says. 8 Aspiration of s in the final elision of the final r. No political position. Not cast blames foreigners. 9 - Vague or no answers. Political participation ... yeah yeah blames foreigners 10 - Good grammar, but vague answers, no political interest, greater emphasis on the last answer, he doesnt think that is the fault of Colombians. 11 - Elision of final r, no political interest, not cast the blame on foreigners. 12 - Good grammar, elision of some consonants in the middle ( futbol - fubol jobs traajar equal - iuaal ) , lengthening of the final letter eeeee , if you check blames foreign 13 - Aspiration s at the end (no more - no mah ) , interest in Bachelet , greater emphasis on this answer , there is no blame foreigners. 14 - Elision of medial consonants (hobby - hooiiii is going to change - change ahhh) for Bachelet, mostly because the Colombians. 15 - Extensions of the final letters, 0 political interests, not blame foreigners. 16 - Light aspiration of s in the end, 0 political interests, not blames foreigners.
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17 - Good grammar, aspiration of s, no political interest, not blames foreigners. 18 - Short answers, little political interest, not blame foreigners.

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CONCLUSION

The most significant results from the analysis above can be summarized as follows: it was possible to determine that aspiration and the weak pronunciation of s between words that go together or in their final part, which are characteristic of castellan that is talked in this country and in this city. According to the methodology of this work, it was not so easy investigation to do, due to the difficulty that this represented. But as it was explained, the objective was fulfilled and now its results can be seen. To understand the Chilean dialect, is needed in addition to all that has been explained, know some words of the region, where the contribution of native languages such as Mapudungun or Quechua, but mainly words of European origin who arrived in Chile is appreciated mid-nineteenth century, which mainly emphasizes English. A commonly used word "cachai" (the verb cachar), he has assigned two sources of equal importance and validity. According to some studies, comes from the word "taste" of similar meaning, where time and the evolution of the speakers would refer you miss a word specifically youth. Another way is to appoint the verb "cachar" as an adaptation of the English "to catch," which means, understand, capture, manage, etc.. In the actual Chilean Spanish language, diction errors startle the American cone, marking somehow an identity that Chileans boxed in as the most prone to error speakers. These detected with the language known Defects that are inadequate forms of language construct.

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