brar (msb2938) Homework 1 lidman (56310) This print-out should have 21 questions.

ns. Multiple-choice questions may continue on the next column or page nd all choices before answering. 001 10.0 points 3. 2x + 3 y = 6 4. 3x 2 y = 6 5. 3x + 2 y = 6 correct

Determine A so that the curve y = 3x + 11 can be written in parametric form as x ( t) = t 5 , 1. A = 3 2. A = 4 3. A = 3 correct 4. A = 2 5. A = 2 6. A = 4 Explanation: We have to eliminate t from the parametric equations for x and y . Now from the equation for x it follows that t = x + 5. Thus y = 3x + 11 = A(x + 5) 4 . Consequently A = 3 . y (t) = At 4 .

x y 1 = 3 2 6 Explanation: We have to eliminate the parameter t from the equations for x and y . Now 6. cos2 + sin2 = 1 . x y + = 1. 2 3 But then after simplication, the curve has Cartesian form 3x + 2y = 6 . 003 10.0 points Thus

Determine a Cartesian equation for the curve given in parametric form by x(t) = 2 ln(9t) , y (t) = t . 1. y = 2. y = 3. y = 4. y = 5. y = 6. y = 1 x/6 e 2 1 4/x e 3 1 x/3 e 2 1 x/2 e 3 1 6/x e 2 1 x/4 e correct 3

002

10.0 points

Find a Cartesian equation for the curve given in parametric form by x(t) = 2 cos2 4t , 1 x y = 2 3 6 1 x y + = 2. 3 2 6 1. y (t) = 3 sin2 4t .

Explanation: We have to eliminate the parameter t from the equations for x and y . Now from the equation for x it follows that t = 1 x/2 e . 9

brar (msb2938) Homework 1 lidman (56310) But then y = 1 x/2 e 9

1/2

2 y

1 x/4 e 3

4. x

004

10.0 points

Which one of the following could be the graph of the curve given parametrically by x ( t) = 2 t t3 , y ( t) = 3 t2 , 5. x x y

where the arrows indicate the direction of increasing t? y 1.

y 6. x

y 2.

x Explanation: All the graphs are symmetric either about the y -axis or the x-axis. Lets check which it is for the graph of y 3. correct (x(t), y (t)) = (2t t3 , 3 t2 ) . Now x(t) = 2(t) (t)3 = (2t t3 ) = x(t) , and x so (x(t), y (t)) = (x(t), y (t)) . y (t) = 3 (t)2 = 3 t2 = y (t) ,

brar (msb2938) Homework 1 lidman (56310) Thus the graph is symmetric about the y -axis, eliminating three choices. To decide which one of the remaining three it is, we can check the path traced out as t ranges from to + by looking at sign charts for x(t) and y (t) because this will tell us in which quadrant the graph lies: 1. x(t) = t(2 t2 ): + 0 0 + 0 0 2 2 + 5. 1. (1 4t, 3 + 4t) 2. (3 + 4t2 , 1 4t2 ) 3. (1 4t2 , 3 + 4t2 ) 4. 1 4 sin2 t t , 1 4 cos2 2 2 t t , 3 + 4 cos2 2 2

3 + 4 sin2

2. y (t) = 3 t2 : 0 3 + 0 3 +

6. (3 + 4t, 1 4t) correct Explanation: All six possible answers represent the line segment joining P (3, 1) to Q(1, 3) in parametric form (x(t), y (t)) , But only in the cases (3 + 4t, 1 4t) and (1 4t, 3 + 4t) x are x(t), y (t) linear functions of t. This already eliminates four of the possible answers. On the other hand, the rst of these starts at P and ends at Q, while the second starts at Q and ends at P . Consequently, only (3 + 4t, 1 4t) represents the line segment in parametric form by linear functions x(t), y (t) so that P = (x(0), y (0)) , Q = (x(1), y (1)) . 0 t 1.

Thus the graph starts in quadrant IV, crosses the x-axis into quadrant I, then crosses the y axis into quadrant II, crosses back into quadrant I and so on. Consequently, the graph is y

keywords: parametric curve, graph, direction, 005 10.0 points

Find parametric equations representing the line segment joining P (3, 1) to Q(1, 3) as (x(t), y (t)) , where P = (x(0), y (0)) , Q = (x(1), y (1)) 0 t 1,

006

10.0 points

and x(t), y (t) are linear functions of t.

A ladder 10 feet in length slides down a wall as its bottom is pulled away from the wall as shown in

brar (msb2938) Homework 1 lidman (56310) y in the rst quadrant. keywords: parametric form, circle, ellipse, 007 P 10 10.0 points

When a mortar shell is red with an initial velocity of v0 ft/sec at an angle above the horizontal, then its position after t seconds is given by the parametric equations x x = (v0 cos )t , y = (v0 sin )t 16t2 . If the mortar shell hits the ground 400 feet from the mortar when = 75 , determine v0 .

Using the angle as parameter, nd the parametric equations for the path followed by the point P located 2 feet from the top of the ladder. 1. (8 cos , 2 sin ) 2. (2 sin , 8 cos ) 3. (2 sec , 8 tan ) 4. (8 sin , 2 cos ) 5. (2 tan , 8 sec ) 6. (8 tan , 2 sec ) 7. (2 cos , 8 sin ) correct

1. v0 = 170 ft/sec 2. v0 = 160 ft/sec correct 3. v0 = 150 ft/sec 4. v0 = 180 ft/sec 5. v0 = 140 ft/sec Explanation: The mortar shell hits the ground when y (t) = v0 (sin 75 )t 16t2 = 0 , i.e., after t1 = (v0 sin 75 )/16 seconds, and it will then be a distance of 400 = x(t1 )

8. (8 sec , 2 tan ) Explanation: By right triangle trigonometry, the coordinates (x, y ) are given respectively by x = 2 cos , Consequently, the curve traced out by P has the parametric form (2 cos , 8 sin ) for 0 /2. Eliminating , we see that P traces out the portion of the ellipse x2 y 2 + = 1 4 64 y = (10 2) sin . =

2 sin 75 cos 75 v0 v 2 sin 150 = 0 16 32

feet from the mortar since sin cos = 1 sin 2 . 2

But sin 150 = 1/2. Consequently, v0 = 64 400 = 160 ft/sec .

brar (msb2938) Homework 1 lidman (56310) keywords: trajectory, parabola, distance, range, initial velocity 008 Find dy/dx when x3 + 2y 3 9xy + 1 = 0 . 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. dy x2 3 y = dx 2y 2 + 3x x2 + 3 y dy = dx 2y 2 3x dy 3 y + x2 = dx 2y 2 + 3x x2 3 y dy = dx 2y 2 3x 10.0 points at the point P (x(1), y (1)). 1. y = 6 2. y = 3. y = 4. y = 5. y + 3 x 2

3 x6 2 3 x+6 2 3 (x 2) 4

3 (x + 2) = 0 4 3 (2 x) correct 4

6. y =

dy 3 y x2 = correct dx 2y 2 3x

Explanation: The point slope formula with t = 1 can be used to nd an equation for the tangent line at P . We rst need to nd the slope at P . Now by the Chain Rule and Product Rule, t t t + cos 2 2 2 t t t y (t) = 3 cos sin 2 2 2 x (t) = 2 sin Thus y ( t) dy = dx x ( t) = 3 2 cos(t/2) t sin(t/2) , 2 2 sin(t/2) + t cos(t/2) , .

Explanation: We use implicit dierentiation. For then 3 x2 + 6 y 2 dy dy 9y 9x = 0, dx dx

which after solving for dy/dx and taking out the common factor 3 gives 3 (x2 3y ) + Consequently, dy 3 y x2 = . dx 2y 2 3x keywords: implicit dierentiation, Folium of Descartes, derivative, 009 10.0 points dy (2y 2 3x) = 0 . dx

so the tangent line at t = 1 has slope = On the other hand, P (x(1), y (1)) = (2, 0) . By the point slope formula, therefore, an equation for the tangent line is y = 3 (x 2) , 4 3 . 4

Find an equation for the tangent line to the curve given parametrically by x(t) = 2t sin t , 2 y (t) = 3t cos t 2

brar (msb2938) Homework 1 lidman (56310) which after simplication becomes y = 3 (2 x) . 4

Determine all values of t for which the curve given parametrically by x = 3 t3 t2 + 4 , has a vertical tangent? 2 9 y = t3 + 3 t2 4 t

keywords: parametric curve, tangent line, slope, trig function, 010 10.0 points

1. t = 0 , 2. t = 2 3. t = 0 , 4. t = 2 5. t = 2 9 2

dy Find for the curve given parametrically dx by x ( t) = 1 + 4 t2 , dy 4 = dx 4 + 3t y ( t) = 2 t2 + t3 .

1.

6. t = 0 , 7. t = 2 9

2 correct 9

dy 1 3 2. = + t dx 4 4 4 dy = 3. dx 1 + 6t 4. 5. dy 1 3 = + t correct dx 2 8 dy 8 = dx 1 + 6t

Explanation: After dierentiation with respect to t we see that y ( t) = 3 t2 + 6 t 4 , Now dy y ( t) 3 t2 + 6 t 4 = = , dx x ( t) 9 t2 2 t so the tangent line to the curve will be vertical at the solutions of x (t) = t(9t 2) = 0 , hence at t = 0, 012 2 9 . x ( t) = 9 t2 2 t .

8. t = 0 , 2

dy 8 6. = dx 4 + 3t 7. dy 1 3 = + t dx 2 4

1 3 dy = + t 8. dx 4 2 Explanation: Dierentiating with respect to t we see that x ( t) = 8 t , Consequently, dy y ( t) 4 t + 3 t2 1 3 = = = + t dx x ( t) 8t 2 8 011 10.0 points . y ( t) = 4 t + 3 t2 .

10.0 points

Determine all points P at which the tangent line to the curve given parametrically by x ( t) = t3 6 t , is parallel to the line (t, 2t). 1. P = (5, 1) , (4, 1) y = 3t2

brar (msb2938) Homework 1 lidman (56310) 2. P = (5, 1) , 3. P = (5, 1) , 4. P = (5, 3) , 5. P = (5, 3) , Explanation: Since 6. P = (5, 12) , (4, 1) (4, 1) (4, 12) (4, 12) correct (4, 3)

is called a Cycloid and the shaded region is the region, A, below an arch. If the circle has radius R, the cycloid is given parametrically by x(t) = R(t sin t) , y (t) = R(1 cos t) .

Find the area of A when R = 3. 1. area(A) = 27 correct 2. area(A) = 23

x ( t) = 3 t2 6 ,

y (t) = 6t ,

3. area(A) = 26 4. area(A) = 24 5. area(A) = 25 Explanation: When R = 3, the base of the arch extends from the point 0 = x(0) to the point 6 = x(2 ) on the x-axis. In this case
6 x(2 )

the slope of the tangent line to the curve is given by dy 6t = = 2 . dx x ( t) 3t 6 But if this tangent line is to be parallel to the line dened parametrically by (t, 2t), then 6t = 2. 2 3t 6 After cross-multiplication and simplication, this becomes the equation 6t2 + 6t 12 = 6(t 1)(t + 2) = 0 . Consequently, P is the point corresponding to the values t = 1 and t = 2, in which case P = (5, 3) , 013 (4, 12) . y ( t)

area(A) = where

y dx =
0 x(0)

3(1 cos t) dx ,

x = x(t) = 3(t sin t) , dx = 3(1 cos t) dt . Thus after a change of variable from x to t we see that
2

area(A) = 9
2

(1 cos t)2 dt

= 9 10.0 points = 9
0 0 2

(1 2 cos t + cos2 t) dt 3 1 2 cos t + cos 2t dt . 2 2

The curve traced out by a point P on the circumference of a circle as the circle rolls along a straight line shown in y P x

Consequently, area(A) = 27 . keywords: parametric curve, area, cycloid 014 10.0 points

brar (msb2938) Homework 1 lidman (56310) Determine the arc length of the astroid shown in y in which case (x (t))2 + (y (t))2 = (12 cos t sin t)2 (cos2 t + sin2 t) = (12 cos t sin t)2 . x Thus
2

I = 12
0 /2

| cos t sin t| dt cos t sin t dt = 24 sin2 t

/2 0

= 48
0

Consequently, the astroid has and given parametrically by x(t) = 4 cos3 t , 1. arc length = 12 2. arc length = 24 3. arc length = 4 4. arc length = 4 5. arc length = 24 correct 6. arc length = 12 Explanation: The arc length of the parametric curve (x(t), y (t)) , is given by the integral
b

y (t) = 4 sin3 t .

arc length = 24

keywords: arc length, parametric curve, astroid trig functions, denite integral 015 Which, if any, of A. (4, /6) , B. (4, 7/3) , are polar coordinates for the point given in Cartesian coordinates by P (2, 2 3)? 1. B only 2. A only 3. all of them 4. none of them y (t) = 4 sin3 t 5. B and C only correct 6. A and B only 7. C only 8. A and C only C. (4, 4/3) , 10.0 points

a t b

I =
a

(x (t))2 + (y (t))2 dt .

But when x(t) = 4 cos3 t , we see that x (t) = 12 sin t cos2 t , y (t) = 12 cos t sin2 t ,

brar (msb2938) Homework 1 lidman (56310) Explanation: To convert from Cartesian coordinates to polar coordinates we use the relations: x = r cos , so that r 2 = x2 + y 2 , tan = y . x y = r sin ,

the point P (4, /3) is given in Cartesian coordinates by = (2, 2 3) . P (4, /3) = 4 cos , 4 sin 3 3 keywords: polar coordinates, Cartesian coordinates 017 10.0 points

For the point P (2, 2 3) in Cartesian coordinates, therefore, one choice of r and is r = 4 and = /3, but there are equivalent solutions for r < 0 as well as values of differing by integer multiples of . For the given choices we thus see that A. FALSE: incorrect. B. TRUE: diers from /3 by 2 . C. TRUE: 4 cos(4/3) = 2 , 4 sin(4/3) = 2 3 . 016 10.0 points

Which one of the following shaded-regions in the plane consists of all points whose polar coordinates satisfy the inequalities 0 r < 3, 1. 11 1 ? 6 12

2 Find the Cartesian coordinates, (a, b), of the point given in polar coordinates by P (4, /3). 1. (a, b) = (2 3, 2) 2. (a, b) = (4, 4 3) 3. (a, b) = (2, 2 3) 4. (a, b) = (4, 2 3) 5. (a, b) = (2 3, 2) 6. (a, b) = (4 3, 4) 7. (a, b) = (2, 4) 8. (a, b) = (2, 2 3) correct Explanation: Since the relationship between Cartesian coordinates and polar coordinates is x = r cos , y = r sin , 2 2.

2 3.

2 4.

brar (msb2938) Homework 1 lidman (56310) 5. correct 4. slope = e/4 5. slope = 2 6. 4 1 e/4 1

10

6. slope = e/4 1 correct Explanation: The graph of a polar curve r = f ( ) can expressed by the parametric equations x = f ( ) cos , y = f ( ) sin .

Explanation: Using the denition of polar coordinates (r, ), we see that the region dened by the inequalities 0 r < 3, is 1 11 6 12

In this form the slope of the polar curve is given by y ( ) dy = . dx x ( ) Now, when r = e 2 , we see that y ( ) = e sin + (e 2) cos , while x ( ) = e cos (e 2) sin . But then

keywords: polar coordinates, inequalities, polar graph, 018 10.0 points

1 = (2e/4 2) , 4 2

2 = . 4 2

Consequently, at = /4, slope = dy dx = e/4 1 .

Find the slope of the tangent line to the graph of r = e 2 at = /4. 1. slope = e/4 + 1 2. slope = e/4 3. slope = 1 +1

=/4

019

10.0 points

Which one of the following could be the graph of the polar function r = 3 2 sin ?

e/4

brar (msb2938) Homework 1 lidman (56310) 5. 1. correct

11

6. 2.

Explanation: The graph of in Cartesian coordinates r 6 3 3 4. 6 can be used to determine the corresponding polar graph. Indeed, by tracing in polar coordinates the value of r as varies, looking especially for values, if any, of where r = 0 as well as the values of r at 3 = 0, , , , 2 , 2 2 we obtain the polar graph 2 r = 3 2 sin

3.

brar (msb2938) Homework 1 lidman (56310) 3.

12

4. keywords: polar graph, polar function, cardioid, lima con, 020 10.0 points

correct

Which one of the following could be the graph of the polar function r = cos 3 ? 5.

1.

6.

2.

Explanation: The graphs of r = sin , r = cos are circles passing through the origin. This question shows how the graphs change as the

brar (msb2938) Homework 1 lidman (56310) angle variable changes from to multiples 2, 3, etc. To determine the polar graph of r = cos 3 look rst at its Cartesian graph r 1
1 2

13

1. r = 4 sec tan 2. r = 4 csc tan 3. 4r = sec cot 4. 4r = csc cot correct 5. 4r = sec tan 6. r = 4 csc cot

1 2 1 2

Explanation: We have to substitute for x, y in 4y 2 = x using the relations x = r cos , y = r sin .

Then, by tracing in polar coordinates the value of r as varies, looking especially at the values of where r = 0 and the values of r at 3 = 0, , , , 2 , 2 2 we obtain the polar graph

In this case the Cartesian equation becomes 4r 2 sin2 = r cos . Consequently, the polar form of the equation is 4r = csc cot .

keywords: polar graph, six-leaved rose, eightleaved rose, four-leaved rose 021 10.0 points

Find a polar equation for the curve given by the Cartesian equation 4y 2 = x .