1. Epithelial tissues are characterized by a lack of blood vessels.

2. The tissue that constitutes the outermost layer of the skin is a type of
connective tissue.

3. A mucus-secreting goblet cell would be an example of a unicellular

gland.

4. The soft part of the nose and the supporting rings of the respiratory
passages are composed of fibrocartilage.

5. Bone cells are also called osteocytes.

6. A skeletal muscle fiber contains many nuclei.

7. A nerve cell can also be called a neuroglial cell.

8. Bone cells (osteocytes) are arranged in concentric circles around the

osteonic (Haversian) canals.

9. Vascular tissue is composed of red blood cells, white blood cells, and
platelets that are suspended in a fluid intercellular matrix called
plasma.

10. General characteristics of muscle tissue are that it conducts nerve

impulses from one neuron to another and it coordinates body
activities.

Level 3 Critical Thinking Questions

1. Joints such as the elbow, shoulder, and knee contain considerable amounts of
cartilage and dense connective tissue. How does this explain the fact that joint injuries
are often very slow to heal?

2. Tissue engineering combines living cells with synthetic materials to create functional
substitutes for human tissues. What components would you use to engineer replacement
(a) skin, (b) blood, (c) bone, and (d) muscle?

3. Collagen and elastin are added to many beauty products. What type of tissue are they
normally part of?

4. In the lungs of smokers, a process called metaplasia occurs where the normal lining
cells of the lung are replaced by squamous metaplastic cells (many layers of squamous
epithelial cells). Functionally, why is this an undesirable body reaction to tobacco smoke?

5. Cancer-causing agents (carcinogens) usually act on cells that are dividing. Which of
the four tissues would carcinogens most influence? Least influence?


    

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Answers for chapter 4 – tissue

1. TRUE
2. FALSE
3. TRUE
4. FALSE
5. TRUE
6. TRUE
7. FALSE
8. TRUE
9. TRUE
10. FALSE

Chapter 4
1. Cartilage and (dense) fibrous connective tissue have a limited blood supply, limiting the number
of phagocytes, nutrients, and red blood cells (which carry oxygen) reaching the site, thus slowing
healing.
2. a. Replacement skin would have to be made of a watertight, flat substance that did not stimulate
immune rejection.
b. A blood substitute would require a chemical that can carry oxygen, a substance that could clot
blood, and perhaps white blood cells.
c. Bone would require a substance that is hard, but could be designed to include many spaces so
that it would be lightweight.
d. Muscle would probably be the most difficult tissue to engineer. A synthetic polymer might be
seeded with myoblasts. A source of contractility is necessary.
3. connective tissue
4. The replacement squamous cells cannot secrete and do not have cilia, impairing lung function
5. Epithelial cells would be most influenced. Skeletal and cardiac muscle cells and nerve cells would
be least influenced.