Shakti Peethas

Shakti Peethas
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The Shakti Peethas (Sanskrit: , Bengali: , akti Pha, seat of Shakti) are places of worship consecrated to the goddess Shakti or Sati, the female principal of Hinduism and the main deity of the Shakta sect. They are sprinkled throughout the Indian subcontinent.[2] This goddess Shakti, the Goddess of power is the complete incarnation of Adi Shakti, has three chief manifestations, as Durga, Goddess of strength and valour, as Mahakali, goddess of destruction of evil and as Goddess Gowri, the goddess of benevolence.

Legend
Lord Brahma performed a yajna (Vedic ritual of fire sacrifice) to please Shakti and Shiva. Goddess Shakti emerged, separating from Shiva and helped Brahma in the creation of the universe. Brahma decided to give Shakti back to Shiva. Therefore his son Daksha performed several yajnas to obtain Shakti as his daughter in the form of Sati. It was then decided that Sati was brought into this world with the motive of getting married to Shiva. However, due to Lord Shiva's curse to Brahma that his fifth head was cut off due to his lie in front of Shiva, Daksha started hating Lord Shiva and decided not to let Shiva carrying the corpse of Dakshayani Lord Shiva and Sati get married. However, Sati got attracted to Shiva and finally one day Shiva and Sati got married. This marriage only increased Daksha's hatred towards Lord Shiva. Daksha performed a yajna with a desire to take revenge on Lord Shiva. Daksha invited all the deities to the yajna except Lord Shiva and Sati. The fact that she was not invited did not deter Sati from attending the yajna. She expressed her desire to attend the yajna to Shiva, who tried his best to dissuade her from going. Shiva eventually

Shakti Peethas relented and Sati went to the yajna. Sati, being an uninvited guest, was not given any respect at the yajna. Furthermore, Daksha insulted Shiva. Sati was unable to bear her father's insults toward her husband, so she immolated herself. Enraged at the insult and the injury, Shiva in Virabhadra avatar destroyed Daksha's yajna, cut off Daksha's head, and later replaced it with that of a male goat as he restored him to life. Still immersed in grief, Shiva picked up the remains of Sati's body, and performed the Tandava, the celestial dance of destruction, across all creation. The other Gods requested Vishnu to intervene to stop this destruction, towards which Vishnu used the Sudarshana Chakra, which cut through the Sati's corpse. The various parts of the body fell at several spots all through the Indian subcontinent and formed sites which are known as Shakti Peethas today.[3] At all the Shakti Peethas, the Goddess Shakti is accompanied by her consort, Lord Bhairava (a manifestation of Lord Shiva). Shakti is an aspect of the Supreme Being Adi parashakti, the mother of the trimurti, the holy trinity in Hindu mythology.

Sati's Self Immolation

The mythology of Daksha yaga and Sati's self immolation had immense significance in shaping the ancient Sanskrit literature and even had impact on the culture of India. It led to the development of the concept of Shakti Peethas and there by strengthening Shaktism. Enormous mythological stories in puranas took the Daksha yaga as the reason for its origin. It is an important incident in Shaivism resulting in the emergence of Shree Parvati in the place of Sati Devi and making Shiva a grihastashrami (house holder) leading to the origin of Ganapathy and Subrahmanya. Shakti Peethas are shrines or divine places of the Mother Goddess. These are places that are believes to have enshrined with the presence of Shakti due to the falling of body parts of the corpse of Sati Devi, when Lord Shiva carried it and wandered throughout Aryavartha in sorrow. There are 51 Shakti Peeth linking to the 51 alphabets in Sanskrit. Each temple has shrines for Shakti and Kalabhairava, and mostly Shakti and Kalabharava in different Shakti Peeth have different names.

Four Adi Shakti Pithas

Some of the great religious texts like the Shiva Purana, the Devi Bhagavata, the Kalika Purana and the AstaShakti recognize four major Shakti Peethas (centers), like Bimala (Pada Khanda) (inside the Jagannath temple of Puri, Odisha), Tara Tarini (Sthana Khanda, Purnagiri, Breasts) (Near Berhampur, Odisha), Kamakhya Temple (Yoni khanda) (Near Guwahati, Assam) and Dakhina Kalika (Mukha khanda) (Kolkata, West Bengal) originated from the limbs of the Corpse of Mata Sati in the Satya Yuga. The Astashakti and Kalika Purana says (in Sanskrit): "Bimala Pada khandancha, Sthana khandancha Tarini (Tara Tarini), Kamakshya Yoni khandancha, Mukha khandancha Kalika (Dakshina Kalika) Anga pratyanga sanghena Vishnu Chakra Kshyta nacha" Further explaining the importance of these four Pithas, the "Brihat Samhita" also gives the location of these Pithas as (In Sanskrit) "Rushikulya* Tatae Devi, Tarakashya Mahagiri, Tashya Srunga Stitha Tara Vasishta Rajitapara" (Rushikulya is a holy river flowing on the foot hill of the Tara Tarini Hill Shrine).

Shakti Peethas

List of 4 Adi Shakti Pithas

In the listings below: "Shakti" refers to the Goddess worshipped at each location, all being manifestations of Dakshayani (Sati), Parvati or Durga; "Body Part or Ornament" refers to the body part or piece of jewellery that fell to earth, at the location on which the respective temple is built.
Sr. No. 1 2 3 4 Place In Puri, Odisha (inside Jagannath Temple complex) BerhampurOdisha, Odisha Guwahati - Assam In Kalighat, Kolkata- West Bengal Body Part or Ornament Pada Bimala Sthana (Breasts) Tara Tarini Yoni khanda Kamakshya Mukha khanda Dakshina Kalika

Apart from these four there are 52 other famous Peethas recognised by religious texts. According to the Pithanirnaya Tantra the 52 peethas are scattered all over India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Nepal, Tibet, Bhutan and Pakistan. The Shivacharita besides listing 52 maha-peethas, speaks about 26 more upa-peethas. The Bengali almanac, Vishuddha Siddhanta Panjika too describes the 52 peethas including the present modified addresses. A few of the several accepted listings are given below.[4] One of the few in South India, Srisailam in Andhra Pradesh became the site for a 2nd-century temple.[5]

The List of 51 Shakti Pithas

In the listings[6] below: "Shakti" refers to the Goddess worshipped at each location, all being manifestations of Dakshayani, Sati; later known as Parvati or Durga; "Bhairava" refers to the corresponding consort, each a manifestation of Shiva; "Body Part or Ornament" refers to the body part or piece of jewellery that fell to earth, at the location on which the respective temple is built.
Sr. No. 1 Place State in India/Country Jammu and Kashmir West Bengal Body Part or Ornament Throat Shakti Bhairava

Amarnath, from Srinagar through Pahalgam 94km by Bus, Chandanwari 16km by walk Attahas village of Dakshindihi in the district of Bardhaman, near the Katwa railway station Bahula, on the banks of Ajay river at Ketugram, 8km from Katwa, Burdwan

Mahamaya

Trisandhyeshwar

Lips

Phullara

Vishvesh

West Bengal

Left arm

Goddess Bahula

Bhiruk

Bakreshwar, on the banks of Paaphara river, 24km distance West Bengal from Siuri Town, district Birbhum, 7km from Dubrajpur Rly. Station Bhairavparvat, at Bhairav hills on the banks of Shipra river in Madhya the city of Ujjaini Pradesh Bhabanipur union, at Karatoyatat, 28km distance from interior Sherpur upazila, Ratnapore District Chhinnamastika Shaktipeeth at Chintpurni, in Una District of Himachal Pradesh Gandaki, Pokhara about 125km on the banks of Gandaki river where Muktinath temple is situated Bangladesh

Portion between the eyebrows

Mahishmardini

Vakranath

Upper lips

Avanti

Lambkarna

Left anklet (ornament) Feet

Arpana

Vaman

Himachal Pradesh Nepal

Chhinnamastika

Rudra Mahadev

Temple

Gandaki Chandi

Chakrapani

Shakti Peethas

4
Maharashtra Chin (2 parts) Bhramari Vikritaksh

Goddess Saptashrungi (Goddess with 18 arms), at Vani in Nasik

10

Hinglaj (Or Hingula), southern Baluchistan a few hours Pakistan North-east of Gawadar and about 125km towards North-west from Karachi Jayanti at Nartiang village in the Jaintia Hills district. This Shakti Peetha is locally known as the Nartiang Durga Temple. Jessoreswari, situated at Ishwaripur, Shyamnagar, district Satkhira. The temple complex was built by Maharaja Pratapaditya, whose capital was Ishwaripur. Jwalaji, Kangra from Pathankot alight at Jwalamukhi Road Station from there 20km Kalipeeth, (Kalighat, Kolkata) Kalmadhav on the banks of Shon river in a cave over hills near to Amarkantak Kamgiri, Kamakhya, in the Neelachal hills near Guwahati Kankalitala, on the banks of Kopai River 10km north-east of Bolpur station in Birbhum district, Devi locally known as Kankaleshwari Kanyashram of Balaambika - The Bhagavathy temple in Kanyakumari, the southernmost tip of mainland India, Tamil Nadu (also thought to be situated in Yunnan province, China) Karnat, Brajeshwari Devi, Kangra Meghalaya

Bramharandhra Kottari (Part of the head)

Bhimlochan

11

Left thigh

Jayanti

Kramadishwar

12

Bangladesh

Palms of hands and soles of the feet Tongue

Jashoreshwari

Chanda

13

Himachal Pradesh West Bengal Madhya Pradesh Assam West Bengal

Siddhida (Ambika)

Unmatta Bhairav

14 15

Right Toes Left buttock

Kalika Kali

Nakuleshwar Asitang

16 17

Genitals Bone

Kamakhya Devgarbha

Umanand Ruru

18

Tamil Nadu

Back

Sarvani

Nimish

19

Himachal Pradesh West Bengal

Both ears

Jayadurga

Abhiru

20

Kireet at Kireetkona village, 3km from Lalbag Court Road station under district Murshidabad Locally known as Anandamayee Temple. Ratnavali, on the banks of Ratnakar river at Khanakul-Krishnanagar, district Hooghly Locally known as Bhramari Devi. In Jalpaiguri near a small village Boda on the bank of river Teesta or Tri-shrota (combination of three flows) mentioned in Puranas Manas, under Tibet at the foot of Mount Kailash in Lake Mansarovar, a piece of Stone

Crown

Vimla

Sanwart

21

West Bengal

Right Shoulder

Kumari

Shiva

22

West Bengal

Left leg

Bhraamari

Ambar

23

Tibet

Right hand

Dakshayani

Amar

24

Manibandh, at Gayatri hills near Pushkar 11km north-west of Rajasthan Ajmer Mithila, near Janakpur railway station on the border of India and Nepal Nepal

Two Bracelets

Gayatri

Sarvanand

25

Left shoulder

Uma

Mahodar

26

Nainativu (Manipallavam), Northern Province, Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka Located 36km from the ancient capital of the Jaffna kingdom, Nallur. The murti of the Goddess is believed to have been consecrated and worshipped by Lord Indra. The protagonist, Lord Rama and antagonist, Ravana of the Sanskrit epic Ramayana have offered obeisances to the Goddess. Nga and Garuda of the Sanskrit epic Mahabharata; resolved their longstanding feuds after worshipping this Goddess. Nepal, near Pashupatinath Temple at Guhyeshwari Temple Nepal

Silambu (Anklets)

Indrakshi (Nagapooshani / Bhuvaneswari)

Rakshaseshwar (Nayanair)

27

Both Knees

Mahashira

Kapali

Shakti Peethas

5
Right arm Bhawani Chandrashekhar

28

On Chandranath hill near Sitakunda station of Chittagong Bangladesh District, Bangladesh. The famous Chandranath Temple on the top of the hill is the Bhairav temple of this Shakti Peetha, not the Shakti Peeth itself. Panchsagar exact location not known (thought to be near Haridwar) Prabhas, 4km from Veraval station near Somnath temple in Junagadh district Prayag near Sangam at Allahabad Present day Kurukshetra town or Thanesar ancient Sthaneshwar Ramgiri, at Chitrakuta on the Jhansi Manikpur railway line Sainthia, locally Known as Nandikeshwari temple. Only 1.5km from the railway station under a banyan tree within a boundary wall, Birbhum district Sarvashail or Godavaritir, at Kotilingeswar temple on the banks of Godavari river near Rajamundry Shivaharkaray, a little distance from Sukkur Station from Karachi Shondesh, at the source point of Narmada River in Amarkantak Uttarakhand

29

Lower teeth

Varahi

Maharudra

30

Gujarat

Stomach

Chandrabhaga

Vakratund

31 32

Uttar Pradesh Haryana

Finger Ankle bone

Lalita Savitri/BhadraKali

Bhava Sthanu

33 34

Uttar Pradesh West Bengal

Right breast Necklace

Shivani Nandini

Chanda Nandikeshwar

35

Andhra Pradesh Cheeks

Rakini or Vishweshwari Mahishmardini

Vatsnabh or Dandpani Krodhish

36

Pakistan

Eyes

37

Madhya Pradesh

Right buttock

Narmada

Bhadrasen

38

Shri Parvat, near Ladak, Jammu and Kashmir. Another belief: Andhra Pradesh Right anklet at Srisailam in Shriparvat hills under Kurnool district (ornament) Shri Shail, at Joinpur village, Dakshin Surma, near Gotatikar, 3km north-east of Sylhet town Shuchi, in a Shiva temple at Suchindrum 11km on Kanyakumari Trivandrum road Bangladesh Neck

Shrisundari

Sundaranand

39

Mahalaxmi

Sambaranand

40

Tamil Nadu

Upper teeth

Narayani

Sanhar

41

Sugandha, situated in Shikarpur, Gournadi, about 20km from Bangladesh Barisal town, Bangladesh, on the banks of Sonda river. Udaipur, Tripura, at the top of the hills known as Tripura Sundari temple near Radhakishorepur village, a little distance away from Udaipur town Ujaani, 16km from Guskara station under Burdwan district Varanasi at Manikarnika Ghat on banks of the Ganges at Kashi Vibhash, at Tamluk under district Purba Medinipur Tripura

Nose

Sugandha

Trayambak

42

Right leg

Tripura Sundari

Tripuresh

43 44

West Bengal Uttar Pradesh

Right wrist Earring

Mangal Chandika Vishalakshi & Manikarni Kapalini (Bhimarupa) Ambika Uma

Kapilambar Kalbhairav

45

West Bengal

Left ankle

Sarvanand

46 47

Virat, near Bharatpur Vrindavan, near new bus stand on Bhuteshwar road within Bhuteshwar Mahadev Temple, Katyayanipeeth. Vrindavan Jalandhar, from Jalandhar Cantonment Station to Devi Talab. Baidyanath Dham Birajong in Paro Burdong, Khirgram under Kalimatobonsha, Sikkim-Tibet border,

Rajasthan Uttar Pradesh

Left toes Ringlets of hair

Amriteshwar Bhutesh

48 49 50 51

Punjab Jharkhand Paro, Bhutan Great Toe

Left Breast Heart Bamonbonsham Jugaadya

Tripurmalini Jaya Durga Paropit Ksheer Khandak

Bhutesh Baidyanath

Shakti Peethas

Historical notes
First relating to Brahmanda Purana, one of the major eighteen Puranas, it mentions 64 Shakthi Peetha of Goddess Parvati in the Bharat or Greater India including present day India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. Another text which gives a listing of these shrines, is the Shakthi Peetha Stotram, written by Adi Shankara, the 9th-century Hindu philosopher.[7] According to the manuscript Mahapithapurana (c. 1690 1720 CE), there are 52 such places. Among them, 23 are located in the Bengal region, 14 of these are located in what is now West Bengal, India, 1 in Baster (Chhattisgarh), while 7 are in what is now Bangladesh. Rishi Markandeya composed the 'Devi Saptashati' or the seven hundred hymns extolling the virtues of the Divine Goddess at the shaktipeetha in Nashik. The idol is also leaning a little to the left to listen to the sages composition. The Saptashati or the "Durga Stuti" forms an integral part in the vedic form of Shakti worship. Preserving the mortal relics of famous and respected individuals was a common practice in ancient India - seen in the Buddhist stupas which preserve the relics of Gautama Buddha. It is believed by some[citation needed] that these 64 peethas preserve the remains of some ancient female sage from whom the legend of Kali could have emerged and then merged with the Purusha - Prakriti (Shiva Shakti) model of Hindu thought.

18 Maha Shakti Pithas

The modern cities or towns that correspond to these 64 locations can be a matter of dispute, but there are a few that are totally unambiguous, these are mentioned in the Ashta Dasa Shakthi Peetha Stotram by Adi Shankara.[8] This list contains 18 such locations which are often referred to as Maha Shakthi Peeths.[9]
Sr. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Place Trincomalee (Sri Lanka) Kanchi (Tamil Nadu) Pandua (West Bengal) Mysore (Karnataka) Alampur (Andhra Pradesh) Shrishailam, (Andhra Pradesh) Kolhapur (Maharastra) Mahur (Nanded District, Maharastra) Ujjain (Madhya Pradesh) Pithapuram (Andhra Pradesh) Jajpur (Odisha) Draksharamam (Andhra Pradesh) Guwahati (Assam) Prayaga (Uttar Pradesh) Part of the body fallen Groin Back part Stomach Hair Upper teeth Neck part Eyes Head Upper lip Left hand Navel Left cheek Vulva Fingers Name of Shakti Shankari devi Kamakshi Devi Srigala Devi Chamundeshwari devi Jogulamba devi (Yogamba devi) Bhramaramba devi Mahalakshmi devi Ekaveerika Devi Mahakali devi Puruhutika devi Biraja Devi Manikyamba devi Kamarupa devi Madhaveswari devi Vaishnavi devi Sarvamangala devi Vishalakshi devi Saraswathi devi

Kangra, Jwalamukhi (Himachal Pradesh) Tongue Gaya (Bihar) Varanasi (Uttar Pradesh) Sharada Peeth (Kashmir) * Breast part Wrist Right hand

[*]Sharada Peeth:This temple is currently non-existent*. Only ruins are found in these places. Its ruins are near the Line of Control (LOC) between the Indian and Pakistani-controlled portions of the former princely state of Kashmir

Shakti Peethas and Jammu. Instead, Sringeri Sharada Peetham, Sringeri in Karnataka even though not a Shakti Peetha is this aspect of the goddess, Requests are been made by the Hindu community in Pakistan to the Pakistani government to renovate the temple, the issue was raised by former Indian Home minister L. K. Advani to the Pakistan authorities as a confidence building measure, by increasing the people to people interaction cross border. Among these, the Shakti Peethas at Kamakhya, Gaya and Ujjain are regarded as most sacred as they symbolise three most important aspects of mother Goddess viz. Creation (Kamarupa Devi), Nourishment (Sarvamangala Devi/Mangalagauri) and Annihilation (Mahakali Devi). When observed carefully one can see that they lie in a perfect straight line from Kamakhya to Ujjain via Gaya symbolizing that every creation in this universe will annihilate one day without fail.

Ashta Dasa Shakthi Peetha Stotram

Lankayam Shankari devi, Kamakshi Kanchika pure Pradyumne Shrinkhala devi, Chamunda Krouncha pattane Alampure jogulamba, Sri Shaile Bhramarambika Kolha Pure Maha Lakshmi, Mahurye Ekaveerika Ujjainyam Maha kali. Preethikayam Puruhutika Odhyane Girija devi, Manikya Daksha vatike Hari Kshetre kama rupi, Prayage Madhaveshwari Jwalayam Vishnavi Devi, Gaya Mangalya gourika Varanasyam Vishalakshi, Kashmire tu Saraswati Ashtadasha shakti Peethani, Yoginamapi durlabham Sayamkale pathennityam Sarva Shatru vinashanam Sarva roga haram divyam, Sarva sampatkaram shubham

Translation of the stotra

Goddess Shankari in Sri Lanka, Kamakshi in Kanchipuram Goddess Shrinkhala in Pradymna and Chamunda in Mysore Goddess Jogulamba in Alampur, Goddess Brhamarambika in Sri Shailam Goddess Maha lakshmi in Kolhapur and Goddess Eka Veera in Mahur Goddess Maha Kali in Ujjain, Purhuthika in Peethika Goddess Girija in Odhyana and Manikya in the house of Daksha Goddess kama rupi in the temple of Vishnu, Madhaveshwari in Allahabad Goddess giving flame in Jwala Mukhi and Mangala Gowri in Gaya Goddess Vishalakshi in Varanasi, Saraswati in Kashmir These are the 18 houses of Shakti, which are rare even to the Devas When Chanted every evening, all the enemies would get destroyed all the diseases would vanish, and prosperity would be showered.

Notes
[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] http:/ / en. wikipedia. org/ w/ index. php?title=Template:Hinduism& action=edit Article (http:/ / www. banglapedia. org/ httpdocs/ HT/ S_0033. HTM), from Banglapedia. http:/ / www. sacred-texts. com/ tantra/ maha/ maha00. htm 52 Pithas of Parvati (http:/ / www. hindunet. org/ saraswati/ resources/ pithas. htm) - From Hindunet Shakti Pitha sites in India (http:/ / www. sacredsites. com/ asia/ india/ srisailam_shakti_pitha. html) http:/ / zeenews. india. com/ navratra2012/ Shaktipeeth. html Shakthi Peetha Stotram (http:/ / www. celextel. org/ adisankara/ shaktipeethastotram. html) Vedanta Spiritual Library Ashta Dasa Shakthi Peetha Stotram (http:/ / www. hindupedia. com/ en/ Ashta_Dasa_Shakthi_Peetha_Stotram) From Hindupedia html ASTADASA MAHA SAKTHI-PEETHAS (http:/ / srisailam. co. in/ shaktipeethas. ) From srisailam.co.in

Heart Ambaji Gujarat Devi Patan Locate at Tulsipur Disctt. Balrampur Uttar Pradesh not in Patana Bhihar

Shakti Peethas

References
Phyllis K. Herman, California State University, Northridge (USA), " Siting the Power of the Goddess: Sita Rasoi Shrines in Modern India (http://www.ramayanainstitute.org/archives/NIU_2001_Conference___Fair/Papers/ papers.html)", International Ramayana Conference Held at Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL USA, September 2123, 2001. Hindu Goddesses: Vision of the Divine Feminine in the Hindu Religious Traditions (ISBN 81-208-0379-5) by David Kinsley com/navratra/Shaktipeeth.html 51 Nav Durga Shaktipeeths- Legend and listing (http://www.zeenews.) Zee News (http://educationguru4u.com/chandi_asthan.aspx)

External links
Shaktipeeth - Website on Shakti peethas (http://www.shaktipeethas.org) 52 shakti peethas map (http://www.shaktipeethas.org/51-shakti-peethas-map-t11.html) 51 Shakti Peethas of Ma Durga (http://www.yatra2yatra.com/hinduism/shaktipeeth) 18 shakti peethas map (http://www.shaktipeethas.org/18-shakti-peethas-map-t12.html)

Sri Swamiji visits Sri Lanka for Shankari Temple Darshan (http://www.dattapeetham.com/india/tours/2005/ srilanka/srilanka.html) Comprehensive guide on 51 Shakti Peethas (http://www.vedarahasya.net/shakti.htm) Daksha Yagna - The story of Daksha's sacrifice and the origin of the Shakti Pithas (http://www.indiantemples. com/beliefs/daksha.htm) Gayatri Shaktipeeth, Vatika: An Introduction (http://www.vatikashaktipeeth.com/home.html)

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