Name

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Internet Investigation Star Life Cycle (http://aspire.cosmic-ray.org/Labs/StarLife/starlife_main.html) Proceed through the web pages at this site answering the following !uestions as you go. "he symbol # tells you that you should be on a new page. $. %hat human stages of life correspond to the following stages in the life of a star& Protostar _____________________________ 'usion ignition to (ain Se!uence _________________________________ )ed *iant/Supergiant _______________________________ %hite +warf/,lac- .ole _____________________________ /. 0t your age if you were a star what stage would you be in&______________________________ 1. %hat do we call the birthplace of stars& __________________________%hat is it made of&__________________________________________________ 2. .ow long ago was our sun formed& _____________________________ #Protostar 3. %hat causes the 4clumps5 in the nebula to form& _________________________ %hat do these clumps become& ___________________________ 6. %hat is e!uilibrium in a star& ______________________________________________________ 7. %hen does e!uilibrium occur in a protostar& ____________________________________________ 8. +uring star formation does gra9ity change& ______ :. +uring star formation does pressure change& ________ ;ame two things that cause it to change.___________________________________________________________ $<. %hat are the two ob=ects that a protostar could become& ____________________________________________________________________________ #Stars $$. %hat is a star&_________________________________________________________________ $/. %hat are the fuels that stars use to create energy through fusion +uring the ma=ority of their li9es&_____________________________ "oward the end of their li9es&_____________________________ "oward the end of their li9es if they are a more massi9e star& _______________________________ $1. >n what phase do the ma=ority of stars li9e& _____________________________________________ $

$2. ?omplete the Interactive Lab which shows what happens to different si@e stars at the beginning of their life cycles. Small mass Low mass (edium mass (assi9e A+oes this star reach (ain Se!uence& _________ ________ _________ ________ A.ow long was it in (ain Se!uence& _________ ________ _________ ________

$3. %hich has a longer life bigger stars or smaller stars& BCplain. #Stars Stars: The beginning of the end. $6. %hen a star has burned off all of its __________________ and started to burn ______________ this is the beginning of the end. "he burning of _________________releases a tremendous amount of energy and the outer shell has eCpanded in an effort to help heat from the starDs core escape into space. 0t this point the star is called a ______________________. #Stars: The end of a star (Ese this page and the >nteracti9e Lab at the bottom to answer these !uestions.) $7. .ow big is a low mass star& _________________ %hat stages does it go through& ___________________________________________________ .ow big is it& ____________________________ %hat does it become in the end& __________________ $8. .ow big is a medium mass star& ________________________ %hat stages does it go through& ___________________________________________________ .ow big is it& ______________________________________ %hat does it become in the end& _______________________ $:. .ow big is a massi9e star& _____________________________ %hat happens to a massi9e star when it burns carbon 9ery rapidly& ________________________________ %hat stages does a massi9e star go through& ________________________________________ %hat does a massi9e star become in the end (two possibilities)& _____________________________________________________________________________ #Hert s!r"ng#$"ssell %iagram /<. %hat is a .ert@sprung-)ussell +iagram& /$. %hat does the 9ertical aCis represent& //. %hat does the hori@ontal aCis represent& /

>nteracti9e Lab /1. List the temperature brightness and type of star for each of the stars in the lab. a. ,etelgeuse F b. 0lpha ?entauri , F c. Gur sun F d. Hega F e. Sirius , F /2. %here do most stars lie on the .) diagram& &ala'ies (http://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/lin-I/-ids_space/mil-y_way_as-.html) $. .ow far across is our galaCy the (il-y %ay& /. .ow can one locate the center of our galaCy as we orbit the sun and the sun orbits the galaCy& 1. >s our solar system mo9ing away from the center of our galaCy& 2. .ow many years does it ta-e the sun to orbit the center of the galaCy& 3. "he (il-y %ay is part of a set of about 1< galaCies -nown as _______________________ which is part of a supercluster -nown as ___________________________ which is $<< <<< <<< light years across. 6. %hat shape is the (il-y %ay& Classifying &ala'ies (http://www.sm9.org/hastings/student$.htm) $. %hat do you see on the first web page of this site& /. %here did this image come from& "his is a statement about galaCies: J0ll ellipticals are galaCies but not all galaCies are ellipticalJ. 0fter you learn how to classify galaCies you will be able to eCplain what this statement means. %hen scientists see ob=ects in nature that share some features but not others they find that grouping or classifying them is a good idea. 'irst they must decide what scheme or plan they will use to decide to which group something belongs. Start with the JStudent LessonJ and the blin-ing message : JStart &ala'y e'!loration hereJ %hat is a galaCy& $)______________________________________________________________

>n the $:/<Ks an astronomer named Bdwin .ubble was able to gather pictures of many galaCies. .e noticed that they were not all ali-e. .e decided to group or classify them. "o group the galaCies in the photographs he studied he could ha9e used si@e color shape or any other feature that he noticed . .ubble decided to classify galaCies by their shape or form. Bdwin .ubble loo-ed at many galaCy pictures and decided to di9ide galaCies into three types according to the way they loo-ed. .e used letters to represent these three types of galaCies. /) "he letter JBJ meant_________________galaCies 1)JSJ meant _________________galaCies and 2)JS,J meant ___________________galaCies. *alaCies had so many shapes that .ubble found that three types were not enough. .e had to further brea- down these three according to a slight 9ariation in shape between each type of galaCy in each category. 'or the JBJ or 3)_________________galaCies he used the amount of flattening or 6)_____________ from B<( B @ero) to B3 to put the galaCies into smaller groups. 'or the JSJ or 7)____________ galaCies he used how tightly the arms were wound around the bright 8)_______________ to further classify these galaCies as Sa Sb or Sc. 'or the JS,J or :)___________ galaCies he used the increased openness of the $<)__________to group these galaCies as S,a S,b or S,c. Bdwin .ubble too- all these ideas and presented them all together in a simple diagram for classifying galaCies. "his diagram is called the .ubble "uning 'or- +iagram. (ost galaCies fall into one of his groups according to how they loo-. +raw a shape for each of the types of galaCies below. +raw it abo9e the letters which he used to identify the shapes. (L$$-$:)

Sa

Sb

Sc

E0

E5

S0 SBa SBb SBc

/<) 'rom the information you ha9e seen today eCplain the following statement: J0ll ellipticals are galaCies but not all galaCies are ellipticalJ. Put your answer below.

("asars (http://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/lin-I/the_uni9erse/MSG.html) $. +escribe !uasars. /. Muasars are most li-ely ___________________________ formed around ____________________________________. 1. Muasars are so bright because the matter is unimaginably ______________. 2