South Africa Tax Guide

2013

FOREWORD A countrys tax regime is always a key factor for any business considering moving into new markets. What is the corporate tax rate? Are there any incentives for overseas businesses? Are there double tax treaties in place? How will foreign source income be taxed? Since 1994, the PKF network of independent member rms, administered by PKF International Limited, has produced the PKF Worldwide Tax Guide (WWTG) to provide international businesses with the answers to these key tax questions. This handy reference guide provides clients and professional practitioners with comprehensive tax and business information for over 90 countries throughout the world. As you will appreciate, the production of the WWTG is a huge team effort and I would like to thank all tax experts within PFK member rms who gave up their time to contribute the vital information on their countrys taxes that forms the heart of this publication. I hope that the combination of the WWTG and assistance from your local PKF member rm will provide you with the advice you need to make the right decisions for your international business. Richard Sackin Chairman, PKF International Tax Committee Eisner Amper LLP richard.sackin@eisneramper.com
Foreword

PKF Worldwide Tax Guide 2013

IMPORTANT DISCLAIMER This publication should not be regarded as offering a complete explanation of the taxation matters that are contained within this publication. This publication has been sold or distributed on the express terms and understanding that the publishers and the authors are not responsible for the results of any actions which are undertaken on the basis of the information which is contained within this publication, nor for any error in, or omission from, this publication. The publishers and the authors expressly disclaim all and any liability and responsibility to any person, entity or corporation who acts or fails to act as a consequence of any reliance upon the whole or any part of the contents of this publication. Accordingly no person, entity or corporation should act or rely upon any matter or information as contained or implied within this publication without rst obtaining advice from an appropriately qualied professional person or rm of advisors, and ensuring that such advice specically relates to their particular circumstances. PKF International is a network of legally independent member rms administered by PKF International Limited (PKFI). Neither PKFI nor the member rms of the network generally accept any responsibility or liability for the actions or inactions on the part of any individual member rm or rms.

Disclaimer

II

PKF Worldwide Tax Guide 2013

PREFACE The PKF Worldwide Tax Guide 2013 (WWTG) is an annual publication that provides an overview of the taxation and business regulation regimes of the worlds most signicant trading countries. In compiling this publication, member rms of the PKF network have based their summaries on information current on 1 January 2013, while also noting imminent changes where necessary. On a country-by-country basis, each summary addresses the major taxes applicable to business; how taxable income is determined; sundry other related taxation and business issues; and the countrys personal tax regime. The nal section of each country summary sets out the Double Tax Treaty and Non-Treaty rates of tax withholding relating to the payment of dividends, interest, royalties and other related payments. While the WWTG should not to be regarded as offering a complete explanation of the taxation issues in each country, we hope readers will use the publication as their rst point of reference and then use the services of their local PKF member rm to provide specic information and advice. In addition to the printed version of the WWTG, individual country taxation guides are available in PDF format which can be downloaded from the PKF website at www.pkf.com
Preface

PKF INTERNATIONAL LIMITED MAY 2013 PKF INTERNATIONAL LIMITED ALL RIGHTS RESERVED USE APPROVED WITH ATTRIBUTION

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ABOUT PKF INTERNATIONAL LIMITED PKF International Limited (PKFI) administers the PKF network of legally independent member rms. There are around 300 member rms and correspondents in 440 locations in around 125 countries providing accounting and business advisory services. PKFI member rms employ around 2,270 partners and more than 22,000 staff. PKFI is the 11th largest global accountancy network and its member rms have $2.68 billion aggregate fee income (year end June 2012). The network is a member of the Forum of Firms, an organisation dedicated to consistent and high quality standards of nancial reporting and auditing practices worldwide. Services provided by member rms include: Assurance & Advisory Insolvency Corporate & Personal Financial Planning/Wealth management Taxation Corporate Finance Forensic Accounting Management Consultancy Hotel Consultancy IT Consultancy PKF member rms are organised into ve geographical regions covering Africa; Latin America; Asia Pacic; Europe, the Middle East & India (EMEI); and North America & the Caribbean. Each region elects representatives to the board of PKF International Limited which administers the network. While the member rms remain separate and independent, international tax, corporate nance, professional standards, audit, hotel consultancy and business development committees work together to improve quality standards, develop initiatives and share knowledge and best practice cross the network. Please visit www.pkf.com for more information.

Introduction

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PKF Worldwide Tax Guide 2013

STRUCTURE OF COUNTRY DESCRIPTIONS A. TAXES PAYABLE FEDERAL TAXES AND LEVIES COMPANY TAX CAPITAL GAINS TAX BRANCH PROFITS TAX SALES TAX/VALUE ADDED TAX FRINGE BENEFITS TAX LOCAL TAXES OTHER TAXES

B. DETERMINATION OF TAXABLE INCOME CAPITAL ALLOWANCES DEPRECIATION STOCK/INVENTORY CAPITAL GAINS AND LOSSES DIVIDENDS INTEREST DEDUCTIONS LOSSES FOREIGN SOURCED INCOME INCENTIVES

C. FOREIGN TAX RELIEF D. CORPORATE GROUPS E. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS F. WITHHOLDING TAX G. EXCHANGE CONTROL H. PERSONAL TAX I. TREATY AND NON-TREATY WITHHOLDING TAX RATES

PKF Worldwide Tax Guide 2013

Structure

INTERNATIONAL TIME ZONES At 12 noon, GreenWich Mean Time, the standard time elseWhere is: A Algeria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 pm Angola . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 pm Argentina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 am Australia Melbourne. . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 pm Sydney . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 pm Adelaide . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.30 pm Perth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 pm Austria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 pm B Bahamas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 am Bahrain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 pm Belgium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 pm Belize. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 am Bermuda. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 am Brazil. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 am British Virgin Islands. . . . . . . . . . . 8 am C Canada Toronto. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 am Winnipeg. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 am Calgary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 am Vancouver. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 am Cayman Islands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 am Chile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 am China - Beijing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 pm Colombia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 am Cyprus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 pm Czech Republic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 pm D Denmark. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 pm Dominican Republic. . . . . . . . . . . 7 am E Ecuador. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 am Egypt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 pm El Salvador . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 am Estonia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 pm F Fiji . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 midnight Finland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 pm France. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 pm G Gambia (The). . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 noon Germany. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 pm Ghana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 noon Greece . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 pm Grenada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 am Guatemala. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 am Guernsey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 noon Guyana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 am H Hong Kong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 pm Hungary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 pm I India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.30 pm Indonesia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 pm Ireland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 noon Isle of Man . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 noon Israel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 pm Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 pm J Jamaica . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 am Japan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 pm Jordan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 pm K Kenya. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 pm L Latvia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 pm Lebanon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 pm Luxembourg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 pm M Malaysia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 pm Malta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 pm Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 am Morocco. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 noon N Namibia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 pm Netherlands (The). . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 pm New Zealand. . . . . . . . . . . 12 midnight Nigeria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 pm Norway. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 pm O Oman. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 pm P Panama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 am Papua New Guinea. . . . . . . . . . .10 pm Peru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 am Philippines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 pm Poland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 pm Portugal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 pm Q Qatar. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 am R Romania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 pm
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Russia Moscow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 pm St Petersburg. . . . . . . . . . . . 3 pm S Singapore. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 pm Slovak Republic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 pm Slovenia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 pm South Africa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 pm Spain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 pm Sweden. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 pm Switzerland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 pm T Taiwan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 pm Thailand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 pm Tunisia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 noon Turkey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 pm Turks and Caicos Islands . . . . . . . 7 am U Uganda. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 pm Ukraine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 pm United Arab Emirates. . . . . . . . . . 4 pm United Kingdom. . . . . . . (GMT) 12 noon United States of America New York City. . . . . . . . . . . . 7 am Washington, D.C.. . . . . . . . . 7 am Chicago. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 am Houston. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 am Denver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 am Los Angeles. . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 am San Francisco. . . . . . . . . . . 4 am Uruguay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 am V Venezuela. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 am Z Zimbabwe. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 pm
Time Zones

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South Africa

SOUTh AFRICA Currency: Rand (R) Dial Code To: 27 Dial Code Out: 00

Member Firm: City: Name: Cape Town Mike Betts Durban Paul Gering A. TAxES PAYABLE

Contact Information: 021 405 5340 mike.betts@pkf.co.za 031 573 5000 paul.gering@pkf.co.za

Federal taXes and levies CompanY taX A company is resident in South Africa (SA) if it is incorporated, formed or established in SA or has its place of effective management (day to day management) in SA. Subject to certain limited exemptions, South African resident companies and close corporations (companies) are taxed on their worldwide income. Furthermore, and again subject to certain exemptions, the international anti-avoidance practice of taxing income earned by Controlled Foreign Companies (CFCs) applies to South African residents. Normal tax is payable by South African companies on their worldwide taxable income at the rate of 28%. The tax is payable by both public and private companies as well as close corporations. Small business corporations are close corporations and private companies with only natural persons as shareholders, gross income of less than R14 million during a year of assessment, and where not more than 20% of its gross income consists of investment income or income from the rendering of a personal service. These corporations qualify for taxation at the following rates of Taxable income R0 63,556 R63,556 R350,000 R350,001 + Rates of tax Nil 7% of the amount over R63,556 R20,051 + 28% of the amount over R300,000

Life assurers are taxed according to the four fund approach. The taxable income of what is known as The Individual Policyholder Fund is taxed at 30%. The Company Policyholder Fund and The Corporate Fund are taxed at 28%. Retirement Funds receipts and accruals are exempt from tax. Mining companies are, in addition to their specic corporate rates of tax, subject to a royalty calculated on the gross sales relating to the transfer of mineral resources. The royalty is calculated in terms of a specic formula and depending on whether rened or unrened minerals are transferred can range from 0.5% to 7%. Trusts South African trusts pay tax at a at rate of 40% on each Rand of taxable income. Notwithstanding the aforementioned, special provisions apply to testamentary trusts (for so long as the beneciaries remain minors under the age of 18 years) and trusts created for the benet of mentally or physically challenged persons. These trusts pay tax at rates applicable to resident individuals. Founders and donors of trusts may be taxed on income earned by the trust in terms of certain attribution rules (deeming provisions). The same can apply to beneciaries of non-resident trusts in certain circumstances. Capital gains taX (CGT) CGT was introduced with effect from 1 October 2001. South African residents are taxed on their worldwide assets while non-residents are only subject to CGT on any direct or indirect interest or right in or to immovable property situated in SA, and assets of a permanent establishment through which they carry on a trade in SA. CGT is triggered on the disposal or deemed disposal of an asset which includes but is not limited to any event, act, forbearance or operation of law that results in the creation, variation, transfer or extinction of an asset.
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A noteworthy deemed disposal arises on emigration from SA or termination of SA tax residence (exit charge). CGT not only affects assets purchased and sold after 1 October 2001 but it also affects assets acquired prior to this date and disposed of thereafter. In the case of assets acquired prior to 1 October 2001 and disposed of subsequent thereto, the gain is calculated based on the growth in value after 1 October 2001 which, of necessity, has resulted in legislation providing for complex alternatives to determine the gain at the time of disposal. Strictly speaking, CGT is not a tax in its own right but rather forms an integral part of SAs income tax legislation. In short, subject to any exclusions and exemptions, a taxable gain is calculated by taking the difference between the proceeds received on disposal of the asset and the base cost and then multiplying this amount by an inclusion factor (which varies depending on the nature of the taxpayer). The resultant sum is then added to the taxpayers normal taxable income and taxed accordingly. A capital loss results where the base cost exceed the proceeds on disposal. Capital losses are however ring-fenced and may not be set off against a taxpayers taxable income from revenue sources but may be set off against capital gains, with any excess capital losses carried forward for set off against any capital gains arising in subsequent years of assessment. A summary of some of the more relevant inclusion rates and effective rates are set out below: Nature of taxpayer Company/close corporation Natural person Trust Inclusion rate 66.6% 33.3% 66.6% Maximum tax rate 28% 40% 40% Effective rate 18.6% 0% to13.3% 26.7%

Branch profits taX Where a branch of a foreign company operates in South Africa, a branch prots tax at the rate of 28% of taxable income applies. Dividends TaX (DT) Dividends paid or that become payable by a South African company to a shareholder are subject to a 15% withholding tax. Notable exclusions from the DT are dividends paid to another South African company and dividends paid by head quarter companies. The DT may be reduced for dividends paid to foreign shareholders in terms of any applicable Double Tax Agreement. Value added taX (VAT) VAT is imposed on most goods and services supplied by a vendor at 14%. Exports are zero-rated and very few exemptions exist.Compulsory VAT registration is triggered when the value of taxable supplies in a 12 month period exceeds or is expected to exceed R1 million. Fringe benefit taX Employees are taxed on the value of fringe benets as determined in accordance with a separate schedule to the Income Tax Act. The tax levied is in accordance with the tax rates applicable to natural persons. Donations taX Subject to certain exemptions, donations tax is levied at the rate of 20% on the value of any property disposed of under any donation (or deemed donation) made by a natural person, company, municipality or trust resident for tax purposes in SA. Securities transfer taX With effect from 1 July 2008, securities transfer tax is levied on every transfer of a security. A security in essence is any share in a company, members interest in a close corporation or any right or entitlement to receive any distribution from a company or close corporation. Only securities issued by companies incorporated, established or formed inside SA and companies incorporated, established or formed outside SA, which are listed on a South African exchange, are taxable. The tax rate is 0.25% and is applied to the taxable amount in respect of any transfer of a security.

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Transfer dutY Transfer duty is imposed on the transfer of immovable property at the following rates: On the rst R600,000 For R600,000 to R1,000,000 For R1,000,000 to R1,500,000 R1,500,001 and above OThER TAxES These include, amongst others, customs and excise duties, and skills development levies. B. DETERMINATION OF TAxABLE INCOME The taxable income of a company is determined by deducting expenditure incurred in the production of income and other allowable expenses and allowances from the companys income. Capital gains are subject to CGT with effect from 1 October 2001. AlloWances/plant, machinerY and equipment used in manufacture Asset Type Industrial buildings or improvements and buildings used for research and development Conditions for annual allowance Construction of buildings or improvements on or after 1 January 1989, provided building is used wholly or mainly for carrying on process of manufacture or similar or research and development. Construction of buildings or improvements on or after 1 July 1996 to 10 September 1999 and the buildings or improvements are bought into use before 31 March 2000 and used in the process of manufacture or similar process. New commercial buildings (other than residential accommodation) (Note 1) Building in an Urban Development Zone Hotel Buildings Any cost incurred in erecting any new and unused building, or improving an existing building on or after 1 April 2007 wholly or mainly used for the purpose of producing income in the course of trade. Costs incurred in erecting or extending a building in respect of demolishing, excavating the land, or to provide water, power or parking, drainage or security, waste disposal or access to the building improvement to existing buildings. Construction of buildings or improvements, provided used in trade as hotelkeeper. Refurbishments (Note 2) which commenced on or after 17 March 1993. Hotel equipment Aircraft Farming equipment and equipment used for production of renewable energy Machinery, implements, utensils or articles bought into use on or after 16 December 1989. Acquired on or after 1 April 1995. Machinery, implements, utensils or articles (other than livestock) bought into use on or after 1 July 1988 for farming operations. Biodiesel plant and machinery bought into use after 1 April 2003. Machinery used for the generation of electricity from wind power, solar energy, hydropower, biomass comprising organic wastes, land ll gas or plant materials.. Annual Allowance 5% of cost (previously 2%) (Note 3) 0% 3% on the value above R500,000 R12,000 + 5% on the value above R1,000,000 R37,000 + 8% on the value above R1,500,000

10% of cost (Note 3)

5% of cost

20% in rst year 8% in each of the 10 subsequent years 5% of cost 20% of cost 20% of cost 20% of cost (Note 3) 50% in rst year 30% in second year 20% in third year

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Asset Type Ships

Conditions for annual allowance South African registered ships used for prospecting, mining or as a foreign-going ship, acquired on or after 1 April 1995. New and unused manufacturing assets acquired on or after 1 March 2002 will be subject to wear and tear allowances over 4 years. New and unused plant and machinery bought into use on or after 1 April 2001 and used by the taxpayer directly in the process of manufacture.

Annual Allowance 20% of cost (Note 3) 40% in rst year 20% in each of the 3 subsequent years (Note 4) 100% of cost

Plant and Machinery

Plant and Machinery (small business corporations only)

NonAcquired on or after 1 April 2005. manufacturing assets (small business corporation only) Licences Expenditure, other than for infrastructure to acquire a licence from government body to carry on telecommunication services, exploration, production or distribution of petroleum or the provision of gambling facilities. Acquiring electronic communication lines or cables for direct joint ownership. Premium in respect of an indefeasible right of use (IRU) Any new and unused air, water and solid waste treatment and recycling plant or pollution control and monitoring equipment used in the course of the taxpayers trade and required by law of the Republic.

50% in rst year 30% in second year 20% in third year Evenly over the period of the licence, subject to a maximum of 30 years 5% of cost Period of use (IRU must have a legal term of at least 20 years) 40% in rst year 20% in each of the three subsequent years

Communication lines and cables

Environmental treatment and recycling asset and improvements Environmental waste disposal asset and improvements thereto

Any new and unused air, water, and solid waste 5% of cost disposal site, dam, dump, reservoir, or other structure of a similar nature of a permanent nature, used in the course of the taxpayers trade and required by the law of the Republic.

Notes: 1. Allowances available to owners as users of the building or as lessors/nanciers. 2. Refurbishment is dened as any work undertaken within the existing building framework. 3. Recoupment of allowances can be deducted from the cost of the replacement asset. 4. Where plant and machinery is used in a process of manufacture or similar process, the taxpayer is obliged to make use of the allowances and not the wear and tear rates. 5. Where assets have been acquired from connected persons, the cost on which the allowance is based may be limited, generally to the lesser of the original cost to the seller or the market value. Certified Emission Reductions Income received by a person disposing of credit emission reductions (CERs) emanating from Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects as envisaged in the Kyoto Protocol, will be wholly exempt from income tax and capital gains tax.This exemption includes in speciedistributions and applies in respect of CERs disposals on or after 11 February 2009. As CERs will, by default, be exported, they will be zero-rated for VAT purposes. Stock inventorY All trading stock on hand at the end of the tax year must be added to income while all trading stock on hand at the beginning of the year ranks as a deduction. Trading stock is valued at the lesser of cost or net realisable value. Consumable stores and work-in-progress on hand constitute trading stock. The LIFO method of valuing trading stock is not permitted in respect of years of assessment commencing on or after 1 July 2000.

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Research and development eXpenditure (R&D) Qualifying expenditure incurred to undertake research and development activities in SA is deductible in full. Certain expenses qualify for an additional deduction equal to 50% of the actual expense incurred. The additional 50% deduction is subject to an application for approval being made to the department of Science and Technology and will only be granted in respect of expenditure incurred after such application has been made. Plant and machinery used for research and development qualify to be written off over four years (40:20:20:20) while buildings used for research and development activities qualify for a 5% annual allowance. Intellectual propertY Where the expenditure was incurred before 29 October 1999, the deduction is allowed over the number of years of the duration of use or 4% of the expenditure, whichever is greater. Where the expenditure was incurred on or after 29 October 1999 and exceeds R5,000 the annual deduction is limited to: 5% of the expenditure in the case of an invention, patent, copyright, knowledge or other property of a similar nature 10% of the expenditure in the case of a design or other property of a similar nature. No allowance is allowed in respect of any expenditure incurred on or after 29 October 1999 in respect of the acquisition of any trademark or property of a similar nature. Interest and finance charges Interest incurred in the production of income is a deductible expense. Where the loan or instrument in respect of which interest is incurred complies with certain requirements, such interest is deemed to be incurred on a day-to-day basis. Interest incurred prior to the commencement of trade is deductible in the year in which trade commences. TaX losses Subject to certain anti-avoidance provisions, company tax losses are carried forward to the following year provided the trading activity is perpetuated and income is derived from that trade.For natural persons, tax losses from secondary trades are ring-fenced in certain circumstances. Interest received Interest received (or accrued) is included in gross income. Where the loan or instrument in respect of which interest is received complies with certain requirements, such interest is deemed to accrue on a day-to-day basis. Foreign sourced income South African resident individuals and corporates are subject to tax in SA on their worldwide income. However, this general principle may be overridden by the provisions of a double taxation agreement or certain unilateral relief provisions contained in South African tax legislation. A comprehensive set of rules govern the determination of the source of income. Foreign dividends, i.e. dividends paid or payable by a foreign company, in respect of a share in that company are taxable, subject to certain exemptions. The following foreign dividends are fully exempt from tax: If the shareholder (whether alone or together with any other company forming part of the same group of companies as that person) holds at least 10% of the total equity shares and voting rights in the company; If the shareholder is a company which is in the same country as the foreign company paying the dividend; If the dividend is in respect of foreign shares listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (and does not represent a dividend in specie); If the dividend is declared out of net income which has already been taxed in SA in terms of the legislation regulating the taxation of CFCs,in the hands of the shareholder. Certain limitations apply in respect of this exemption. Foreign dividends that are not fully exempt from tax are exempt in part based on a specied formula, the effect of which is that the foreign dividend will be subject to an effective 15% tax.
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Incentives The Department of Trade and Industry provides an additional industrial investment allowance for qualifying industrial assets and projects. No tax holiday scheme is in force. Regional headquarter companY and investment fund regimes A headquarter company regime applies from years of assessment commencing on or after 1 January 2011. Qualifying criteria for a headquarter company are: For the duration of the year of assessment each shareholder of the headquarter company must have held at least 10% of the headquarter companys equity shares and voting rights Where the company in question was dormant for a part of the year of assessment in which the qualifying 10% shareholding stands to be determined, the shareholding during the dormant part of the year must be ignored At the end of the year of assessment andall previous years of assessment of that company, 80% or more of the cost of the total assets of the company was attributable to one or more of the following: - any interest in equity shares in - any amount loaned or advanced to - any intellectual property that is licensed by the company to any foreign company in which that company (whether alone or together with any other company forming part of the same group of companies as that company) held at least 10% of the equity shares and voting rights (qualifying investments) - Where the foreign company in question is dormant, the 80% of the cost of its total assets requirement should be ignored for that part of the year of assessment or previous years of assessment during which it was dormant) Where the gross income of that company for that year of assessment exceeds R5 million, 50% or more of that gross income consisted of amounts in the form of one or both of the following: - any dividend, interest, royalty or fee paid or payable by any foreign company that constitutes a qualifying investment; or - any proceeds from the disposal of any interest in a foreign company or in intellectual property licensed to a foreign company that constitutes a qualifying investment, and The company elects to be classified as a headquarter company. The SA tax implications of qualifying as a headquarter company are: The company is resident in SA for normal tax purposes but is excluded from the denition of a resident for purposes of the corporate roll over rules. Dividends declared are not subject to Dividends Tax. Dividends received from a headquarter company do not enjoy the general local dividend exemption and are treated as foreign dividends, subject to the foreign dividend taxation rules. The disposal of shares by the headquarter company in foreign companies could qualify for CGT exemption in SA in terms of the participation exemption rule. No application of transfer pricing rules for back to back cross-border loans to foreign companies that constitute qualifying investments. No application of transfer pricing rules for back to back licensing of intellectual property (losses as result of back to back licensing will however be ring-fenced). Exemption from the pending withholding tax on interest in respect of back to back loans. Exemption from withholding tax on royalties in respect of back to back royalties paid to a foreign shareholder (applicable from 1 July 2013). Exemption from securities transfer tax. A regional investment fund regime also applies from years of assessment commencing on or after 1 January 2011. Qualifying foreign investors will be regarded as passive investors with no exposure to South African tax because of the use of a South African portfolio manager. C. FOREIgN TAx RELIEF Tax credits are granted in respect of foreign taxes paid on foreign sourced income in accordance with unilateral provisions contained in the Income Tax Act and numerous Double Tax Agreements. Where income is sourced in SA, no foreign tax credit will be allowed but a deduction of the foreign taxes suffered is likely to be allowed. Special rules apply to foreign taxes suffered on income received or accrued from services rendered in SA. D. CORPORATE gROUPS Group taxation is not applicable. However, corporate rules exist which provide relief in respect of transactions between group companies and between founding shareholders and their company. The relief provisions deal with the following transactions:

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asset-for-share transactions intra-group transactions unbundling transactions transactions relating to liquidation, winding-up or deregistration amalgamation transactions.

Briey, the corporate rules provide for the following tax relief in respect of the above mentioned transactions, provided certain requirements are met: CGT STC (until 31 March 2012) Dividends Tax (effective from 1 April 2012) Securities transfer tax Income tax, specifically with respect to capital allowances claimed, recovery of capital allowances and the transfer of trading stock Transfer duty VAT. The corporate rules have been expanded to include most inbound and foreign-toforeign restructuring transactions that fall within the list of transactions set out above. These rules are complex. However, for the most part they require that the transactions be effected within a group of companies and that only built in capital gains assets would qualify for the roll over relief. E. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS The Commissioner for the South African Revenue Services is empowered to make adjustments to cross-border transactions between related parties that are not conducted on arms length terms. While no specic thin capitalisation rules apply, the normal arms length transfer pricing principle applies in respect of loans as well. There are also limitations on certain deductions and allowances on transactions between connected parties. F. WIThhOLDINg TAxES Royalty and similar income are subject to withholding taxes at source. The applicable rate will increase from 12% to 15 % from 1 July 2013.Royalties paid by head quarter companies are exempt from the withholding tax. A 15% withholding tax on dividends earned by non-residents applies from 1 April 2012. Dividends in specie will be subject to the 15% tax but the company declaring the dividends will be liable for the tax. A 15% withholding tax on interest paid or payable to non-residents is to be imposed from 1 July 2013. Notable exclusions include interest paid on so-called portfolio debt capital, i.e. government bonds, listed securities, debts owing by local banks, domestic brokerage accounts, etc., international bank nance and interest paid by a headquarter company. G. ExChANgE CONTROL Subject to certain limited exclusions, South African residents are subject to exchange controls. Exchange controls have been relaxed somewhat in recent years. Nonresidents are excluded from the ambit of exchange controls. H. PERSONAL TAx As a result of the change from a source-based system of taxation to a resident-basis of taxation, SA resident individuals aresubject to tax on their worldwide income irrespective of the source of the income, except for certain exclusions. Non-resident individuals, subject to certain exclusions, are subject to tax on their SA-sourced income only. A natural person will be regarded as a resident for tax purposes if he is ordinarily resident in SA or where the person is not ordinarily resident in South Africa but spends more than a certain number of days in SA (the physical presence test). The income tax rates applicable to natural persons for the tax year ending 28 February 2013 are:
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R0 R160,000 R160,001 R250,000 R250,001 R346,000 R346,001 R484,000 R484,001 R617,000 R617,001 +

18% of each R1 R28,800 + 25% of the amount over R160,000 R51,300 + 30% of the amount over R250,000 R80,100 + 35% of the amount over R346,000 R128,400 + 38% of the amount over R484,000 R178,940 + 40% of the amount over R617,000

In respect of the 2013 year of assessment, the rst R22,800of local interest earned is exempt from taxfor individuals younger than 65 years and the rst R33,000 for individuals aged 65 years or older. Deductions available to salaried employees and directors are restricted to the following: Bad debt allowance Deductions in respect of contributions to a pension fund or retirement annuity fund Donations to certain Public Benefit Organisations Doubtful debts allowance Home office expenses, subject to requirements Legal expenses Medical expenses and medical aid contributions Premiums paid in terms of an certain allowable insurance policies Refunded awards for services rendered and refunded restraint of trade awards as from 1 March 2008 Wear and tear allowance. Medical expenses and retirement saving contribution deductions are subject to certain limitations. The medical expense deduction currently comprises both a tax credit and tax deduction component. From years of assessment commencing on or after 1 March 2014 the medical expense deduction will be converted to a full tax credit regime. Deemed emploYees Labour brokers and personal service providers are regarded as employees. A labour broker is a natural person who, for reward, provides a client with other persons to render a service for the client or procures such other persons for the client and remunerates such person. A personal service provider is a company or trust where any service rendered on behalf of the entity to its client is rendered personally by any person who is a connected person in relation to such entity and certain provisions are met. A labour broker who is not in possession of an exemption certicate will be subject to employees tax at the rate applicable to individual taxpayers. A personal service provider will be subject to employees tax at a rate of 33% in the case of a company and 40% in the case of a trust. Deductions available to deemed employees are limited to remuneration for services rendered, contributions to pension and provident funds, legal expenses, bad debts, rent, nance charges, insurance, repairs and maintenance and fuel, incurred wholly and exclusively for trade. I. TREATY AND NON-TREATY WIThhOLDINg TAx RATES Withholding tax rates for dividends, royalties and interest (from 1 July 2013) paid to non-residents from SAare set out in the table below The rates below assumes a South African domestic withholding tax rate of 15% as it applies in respect of royalties paid to non-residents from 1 July 2013 (for the rates as it would have applied in respect of royalties paid to non-residents prior to 1 July 2013, please refer to earlier versions of this guide).

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Royalties (%) Non-Treaty Countries: Treaty Countries: Algeria Australia Austria Belarus Belgium Botswana Brazil Bulgaria Canada Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Democratic Republic of Congo Egypt Ethiopia Finland France Germany Ghana Greece Hungary India Indonesia Iran Ireland Israel Italy Japan Korea Kuwait Lesotho Luxembourg Malawi Malaysia Malta 10 5 0 5/10 0 10 10/15 5/10 6/10 5 0 10 0 10 15 15 0 0 0 10 5/7 0 10 10 10 0 0/15 6 10 10 10 10 0 15 5 10 15

Dividends (%) 15

Interest (%) 15

10/15 5/15 5/15 5/15 5/15 10/15 10/15 5/15 5/15 5/10 0 5/15 5/15 5/15 15 10 5/15 5/15 7.5/15 5/15 5/15 5/15 10 10/15 10 5/10 15 5/15 5/15 5/15 0 15 5/15 15 5/10 5

10 10 0 5/10 10 10 15 5 10 0 0 0 0 10 12 8 0 0 10 5/10 8 0 10 10 5 0 15 10 10 10 0 10 0 15 10 10

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Royalties (%) Mauritius Mexico Mozambique Namibia Netherlands New Zealand Nigeria Norway Oman Pakistan Peoples Republic of China Poland Portugal Romania Russian Federation Rwanda Saudi Arabia Seychelles Singapore Slovak Republic Spain Swaziland Sweden Switzerland Taiwan Tanzania Thailand Tunisia Turkey Uganda Ukraine United Kingdom USA Zambia Zimbabwe 0 10 5 10 0 10 7.5 0 8 10 7/10 10 10 15 0 10 10 0 5 10 5 10 0 0 10 10 15 10 10 10 10 0 0 15 15

Dividends (%) 5/15 5/10 8/15 5/15 5/10 5/15 7.5/10 5/15 0 10/15 5 5/15 10/15 15 10/15 10/15 5/10 5/10 5/15 5/15 5/15 10/15 5/15 5/15 5/15 10/15 10/15 10 10/15 10/15 5/15 5/10/15 5/15 15 15

Interest (%) 0 10 8 10 0 10 7.5 0 0 10 10 10 10 15 10 10 5 0 0 0 5 10 0 5 10 10 10/15 5/12 10 10 10 0 0 15 15

Notes: 1. The above rates are provided as a guide only. A number of DTAs provide for alternative rates, including zero, to be applied in specic circumstances. To view the complete DTA go to www.sars.gov.za.

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PKF Worldwide Tax Guide 2013

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