ve a big water tank in your house, where you mostly use it to fill the tap water?

If you did, then you must be very pissed off, when you forgot to turn off the tap and the water spill out from the water tank occasionally Well, dont mad about yourself, as youve a better solution for it! In this case, you can build a highly sensitive water level sensor. or your information, water level sensor is being used to detect li!uid level, as the li!uid to be measured either can be inside a container"water tank or can be in its natural form.

#asically, it has two different measurements$ %ontinuous or point values. %ontinuous level sensors are normally measure level within a specified range, especially it related with the e&act amount of li!uid in a certain place. In other hand, 'oint level sensors only measures a specific level, and its used to detect high level or low level alarms!

Its quite an easy project, where there are very few electronic components being used here. You only need an PIC !"#$%, two resistors &one '' ohm and one '( ohm), a '. u" capacitor, a *C+ !'#, bu--er and ../0 batteries. 1hen, you only have to put all the things together and youre done with it2 1ouch 3larm circuit

(his is touch alarm circuit.)ere I have used very common Ic *+,,, -nd common parts.(hen easily you can make your circuit..ou can attach this circuit for your door lock or for any other metal part.If some one touched that metal part the alarm will start to ring..ou can use this circuit as a security circuit.+ven you can attach this circuit for your fence.

Parts / (ransistor 0*1234 / 5iode 6*4334 / I% 78,,, / 9elay / 9esistor ,: ; *ot / 9esistor 633 ; *ot / 9esistor 63 8 *ot / 9esistor 003 ; *ot / %apacitor 4< u at 6: = *ot / %apacitor 11 u at 6: = *o / 'otentiometer 633

Parts List
R1 R2 R" P1 R* = = = = = 100K 4K7 10# 100K Rela* D1 C1 $C1 (1 = = = = 1N4004, general purpose diode 47F/1 ! %%% &i'er 2N")04, 2N2222, or si'ilar

Additional Notes

Not much to tell here as the circuit speaks for itself. The 555 can be almost any type, they are all pin-compatible. Although some CMO types may not ha!e enough po"er to dri!e the transistor, in that case use an ordinary 555. C1's "orking !oltage should be increased to #5$ if you decide to go "ith a %#$ po"er source. Change the !alue of C% for the desired output pulse. &or the timing use this e'uation( T=1.1*(R1+P1)*C1 assuming )% * +% , %5-., then select C% as follo"s( C% , /0& for each %-second pulse "idth. &or e1ample, if you "ant the pulse "idth to be 5 seconds, C% should be 2-uf or nearest !alue like ## or 220&. Additionally, +% can ad3ust the rest. )ule of thumb( the "orking !oltage of capacitors are at least double the supplied !oltage, in other "ords, if the po"er source is 4$olt, your capacitor5s6 is at least %7$. Transistor T% can be any appro1imate substitute. 8se any suitable relay for your pro3ect and if you9re not tight on space, use any si:e. ;9!e build this particular circuit to pre!ent students from fiddling "ith the security cameras in computer labs at the 8ni!ersity ; am employed. ; made sure the metal casing "as not grounded. <ut as the schematic sho"s you can basically hook it up to any type of metal

surface. ; used a %#-!dc po"er source. 8se any suitable relay to handle your re'uirements. A 9)= =T9 s"itch 5Normally Closed6 can be added bet"een the positi!e and the 9arro"-"ith-the-*9. The trigger 5touch6 "ire is connected to pin # of the 555 and "ill trigger the relay, using your body resistance, "hen touched. ;t is ob!ious that the 9touching9 part has to be clean and makes good contact "ith the trigger "ire. This particular circuit may not be suitable for all applications. >ust in case you "onder "hy pin 5 is not listed in the schematic diagram? it is not really needed. ;n certain noisy conditions a small -.-%@micro&? ceramic capacitor is placed bet"een pin 5 and ground. ;t does no harm to add one or lea!e it out.

'to>ect report (ouch -larm

(his ,,, circuit will activate a bu??er and turn on a 7+5 lamp when you touch the probe. A TOUCH PLATE is classified as a high impedance device (or high impedance circuit) as the effect of a finger will e detected ! the circuit connected to the plate" (his circuit uses a 78,,, timer as the bases of the touch switch. .ou can learn more about ,,, timers in the 7earning section on my site. When the plate is touched the 78,,, timer is triggered and the output on pin 1 goes high turning on the 7+5 and the bu??er for a certain period of time. (he time that the 7+5 and the bu??er is on is based on the values of the capacitor and resistor connected to pin : @ <. (he 638 resistor on pin 0 causes the the circuit to be very sensitive to the touch

lf you touch the plates, the lamp and the bu??er will be activated for a predetermined time period. (he time period is determined by 633k resistor and the 63u capacitor. .ou can easily change the value for different period setting. Ase 3.:2B9B% for period appro&imation. Asing the values shown in the schematic diagram, the activation period will be about 3.:2 B 633,333 B 63eC: D 3.:2 seconds. %hange the capacitor to 633u then youll get about :.2 second delay.

-pplication
The ### can e used to create a 1ouch 3larm" The onl! pro lem with this is the ### consumes a out $mA% at all times when the suppl! is connected" The circuit a ove turns on the LE& when the finger is applied and pin t ecomes 'open circuit"' This allows the ()u to charge via the ())* resistor and when pin + detects a H,-H% the LE& turns off" The finger should e removed efore this occurs" .ee elow for an O/0O11 touch switch using a ###",t can also used as touch switch%&oor ell and securit! alarm in which it can e connect with the fence or door loc*"

Echematic 5iagram

%omponents list
6.78 ,,, timer 0.9esistors 6k,633k,638 1.%apacitor 63 u 4.9ed 7ed ,.#u??er :.#attery ,C60= <.(ouch plates

'ro>ect report
F(ouch -larmG
Eubmitted by$ 9oll no$ %lass$ #atch$ Eubmitted to$ Wa>ahat -li 064, 0nd .ear 06st F0332C0363G

Institute of Industrial +lectronics +ngineering FII++G ;arachi

#H((H8

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4ight5sensitive 3larm Project

- kit for this pro>ect is available from 9E) +lectronics. 5ownload '5 version of this page (he circuit detects a sudden shadow falling on the lightCsensor and sounds the bleeper when this happens. (he circuit will not respond to gradual changes in brightness to avoid false alarms. (he bleeper sounds for only a short time to prevent the battery running flat. *ormal lighting can be used, but the circuit will work best if a beam of light is arranged to fall on the lightCsensor. #reaking this beam will then cause the bleeper to sound. (he light sensor is an 759 FlightCdependant resistorG, this has a low resistance in bright light and a high resistance in dim light.

(he lightCsensitivity of the circuit can be ad>usted by varying the 633k preset. (he length of bleep can be varied from 3., to 63 seconds using the 68 preset.

Asing the <,,, lowCpower timer ensures that the circuit draws very little current Fabout 3.,m-G e&cept for the short times when the bleeper is sounding Fthis uses about <m-G. If the circuit is switched on continuously an alkaline ''1 2= battery should last about a month, but for longer life Fabout : monthsG you can use a pack of : -- alkaline batteries. (his pro>ect uses an edgeCtriggered ,,, monostable circuit.

Parts 6equired

resistors$ 63k, 4<k, 68 I1 presets$ 633k, 68 capacitors$ 3.36J , 3.6J , 63J 0,= radial transistor$ #%63K For e!uivalentG <,,, lowCpower timer I% KCpin 5I7 socket for I% 759 FlightCdependant resistorG type H9'60 bleeper 2C60= on"off switch battery clip for 2= ''1 stripboard 60 rows I 0, holes

7tripboard 4ayout

Circuit diagram

Hverview
(he circuit was constructed to provide an alarm circuit that is reliable, simple, small si?e, and low in power consumption.

(erminology

Light Emitting Diode (LED) L a semiconductor diode that is commonly a source of light when electric current pass through it 1N1418 L a smallCsignal silicon epita&ial planar diode used for fast switching applications with a reverse voltage of 633 = and forward current of 6,3 mZone L refers to an alarm control panels input from a protective circuit which divides the alarm system into separate independent areas of protection based on function which may include medical, fire, intrusion, or critical condition monitoring

%ircuit +&planation
(here are two identical transistors used in this circuit which could be any of the *'* general purpose audio switches or amplifiers like the family of #%63<"63K"632 or similar family of 0*1234 that are particularly suitable for use in - input and driver stages. +very alarm in the circuit is combined to the bu??er with a sound intensity of K0 d#. (here are sensors present in the circuit that can be made of wire loops or close reed switches which operates due to the employed magnetic field. (o prevent a signal from each sensor from triggering both 7+5s, two 6*64K diodes were utili?ed. - cut off time for the alarm is not set on the circuit since it is purposely built to be handy and can be easily manipulated. When the bu??er sounds, it does not turn off by itself unless done physically or returned the loop wire back to the >umpers. (he behavior of the 7+5 is the same with the bu??er as well. 5uring the use of long loop wires, unavoidable noise interference may occur and to prevent this, the two capacitors, having each a value of 633 n , were placed in each ?one. (he circuit can be driven by a supply voltage of 2 =.

-pplication

(he main purpose of creating this alarm is for security reasons like protection of property or life and the circuit may be used in hallways, doorways, and in places where a trip wire can be setup for trespassers. It can also consist of a commercial alarm or a siren that is powered by a relay. Eince the circuit was designed in a simple manner, it is easy to use, maintenanceCfree and affordable. Eource$www.?en00640.?en.co.uk"%ircuits"-larm"alarm.htm