1.

1 INTRODUCTION
Migration is the movement of people from one place to another. More people are migrating today than at any other point in human history. Migrants travel in many different ways and for many different reasons. People move in order to improve their standard of living, to give their children better opportunities or to escape from poverty, conflict and famine. Today with modern transportation and communications more people are motivated and able to move.

Student migration is the movement of students who study outside their state, country of birth or citizenship for a period of 12 months or more. uring the period of globalization the

internationalization of higher education increases dramatically and it has become a mar!et driven activity.

1.2 EDUCATION SYSTEM IN PUNE

"ndia#s first prime minister, Shri $awaharlal %ehru had called pune &The o'ford of the east(. This probably e'plains what Pune had offer in terms of education. "nfact pune attracts students from all over the world.

)niversity of pune is one of the largest universities in the world established in 1**+ with ,-- acre situated in the north western part of pune. Most of the colleges in pune are affiliated to their university famous for its .uality education and facilities. Pune is one of the

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famously destination of education in "ndia as many oldest and prominent university and colleges are situated here.

Some of the most prominent and prestigious institutes in pune include

eccan

college in western "ndia and specializes in 0rchaeology. 1ollege of 2ngineering pune which is the second oldest college in "ndia. 3ergusson college pune which was established in 1++4 and ran!s as among the top colleges in "ndia. 0griculture 1ollege in pune is again the oldest and most reputed college for economics in "ndia. Symbiosis pune which is ran!ed as the best business school in "ndia. Pune has to its credit reputed educational institute dedicated to efence forces 5 %ational efence 0cademy pune, 0rmed 3orces Medical college,"nstitute of

Technology and 0rmy "nstitute of Technology.

Pune is one of the ma6or cities of Maharashtra and in recent times it has emerged as one of the chief learning centers. Pune has a good standard of education system while being industrially and commercially stable. The one time seat of the great Maratha power three centuries ago, pune today is place of educational advancement, technological, prosperity and cultural e'change. 7ith pleasant weather all the year round a landscape punctuated by impossibly given hills, a nightlife, eating points that sells everything from "talian cuisine to 8ada pav and multiple'es that host worldwide premiers, pune has something to offer for everyone. 0nd for the more culturally inclined pune offers a host of classical music concerts, internationally acclaimed film festival, historical landmar! and architectural9 marvels that bear testimony to the city#s uni.ue culture. 0s a student you will find yourself right at home among

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appro'imately seven la!h students who come from all over the world to study at o'ford of the east.

1.3 TRANSPORT

1ity#s infrastructure is e'cellent where public transport buses reaching every part of the city mainly from Swargate, eccan :ym!hana, Shiva6inagar, Pune station, Sarasbaug, Municipal

corporation and ;othrud. 0 city with large two wheeler population also has three seater ric!shaws, rental cars as per individual#s budgets. <ocal trains, ferry passengers to various picnic spots li!e <onavala and ;handala.

1.4 CONNECTIVITY

P)%2 is well connected by air, rail, e'press way to Mumbai, the commercial capital of "ndia, as well as to other prominent metros and cities in "ndia. Pune has three ma6or bus stations5 =ailway station, Shiva6inagar and Swargate bus stand. Many private airliners have boo!ing offices in Pune.

1.4 LIVING IN PUNE

The city has e'cellent cosmopolitan mi' catering to largest number of student population in "ndia, coming from different states and bac!ground. 7ith its safe and secured living conditions one doesn#t feel scared to en6oy the abundant night life available. >/Page

1.6 EDUCATION SYSTEM IN MANIPUR

Manipur is one of the north eastern states in "ndia with "mphal as its capital city. The various states bordering Manipur include Mizoram in the south, %agaland in the north and 0ssam in the west. The education policy of the state is based on the national policy that lay stress on providing elementary education to all sections of the society. The literacy rate in the state is 4*.+*?. The Manipur )niversity came into e'istence on $une 4th 1*+-. "t is constituted under the Manipur )niversity act, 1*+-. The ob6ects of the university shall be to disseminate and advance !nowledge, wisdom and understanding by teaching and research and by the e'ample and influence of its corporate life. "n the light of the above ob6ectives, the approach of the Manipur )niversity in to evolve policies and programmes which will ma!e the )niversity a distinct addition to the national resources in higher education rather than a mere .uantitative e'pansion of facilities which already e'ist. The university has identified and will concentrate upon some ma6or distinct academic programmes which are relevant to the progress and development of the country in general and the north5eastern region in particular.

The )niversities in Manipur offer a wide choice of courses to students in northern5eastern region. Manipur )niversity is the main centre of centre of higher education in the state having several colleges affiliated to it. The )niversity has separate departments for science and humanities stream. The various courses under these schemes include 0nthropology, @io5 chemistry, 1omputer science, $ournalism and Mass communication and <ibrary and "nformation Science among others.

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There are two ma6or )niversities in Manipur namely 1entral 0gricultural )niversity and Manipur )niversity. @oth these )niversities are located in capital city of "mphal. The central )niversity was set up in 1**2 with a definite aim to offer agricultural sciences. An the other hand Manipur )niversity was established in the 1*+-. There are B2 colleges affiliated to this )niversity. Manipur "nstitute of Technology is the constituent 1ollege of Manipur )niversity. The education department of :overnment of Manipur controls the education system of Manipur. 0t present the education department of Manipur has four different entities as 5

1. 2. >.

epartment of educationC)niversity and Digher 2ducationE epartment of 2ducation epartment of 0dult 2ducation

,. State council of 2ducational =esearch and Training

The education department has the authority of administration and inspection, framing of curriculum and syllabi and choice of te'tboo!s. "n total, Manipur has two universities which imparts .uality education to students.

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1.7 REVIEW OF LITERATURE

0ccording to the o'ford dictionary of 0rchaeologyF5 Migration in the process by which over a period of time, people living in one area gradually move into another region perhaps some distance away.

=evival of education and recruitment system by %ameira!pam Sur6it Meitei 5&2ducation system is the bac!bone of society. 7hen we have an education system and recruitment system free of unfair means we are sure of marching ahead. 7e will no more hear of bright students dropping out of school 6ust because of the rustic system that have e'isted. Mending our corruption society through .uality education and recruitment system will help in 6oining the bandwagon of developmental race the whole world in undergoing now. "ts now the responsibility of the people to maintain the trend that has been set to bring .uality education to our state. This is my dream Manipur free of corruption, strong in educational system and a place where handwor! in respected.

Ainam 0nand wrote this article for the Sangai 2'press on may 1, th 2--GF5 Migration of students from Manipur 5Prevention is better than cure. Man !nows it. "t is natural that we loo! for water only when the fire brea!s out and search for loc! and !ey when the birds have flown away from the cage already. The age of the youths at the stage of 1-H2 is a vulnerable age in the suspicious eyes of the security forces and it is this fear that most parents thin! it better to e'ile their children in any part of "ndia without having a second thought what course does their children ta!e up but to !eep their children in safer place not in Manipur. The effects of mass migration is felt in our society today. "t is better to leave it to the hands of the intellectual for further discussion. G/Page

2ducation of children in Manipur by Mimi ;F5 0s we !now that children need encouragement to pursue their dreams and it is the dream of every parent to see their children grow up well and become a perfect person of the society. Teens loitering on the streets ,in the bazaar and lanes can be given opportunities to engage to e'tra curricular activities because e'tra activities help students to ma!e their own decisions and gain e'perience in a variety of area that will enhance their future. Society needs to ensure that every child has access to a .uality education. Sinful and dirty hands of politicians should be stopped from trying to push down the innocent children into the dar! well. Swami 8ive!ananda, an eminent thin!er and a great social reformer of "ndia, understands education in the following waysF5 &2ducation is not the amount of information that is put into your brain and runs riots there, undigested all your life. 7e must have life I building, man ma!ing,characters ma!ing, assimilation of ideas."f you have assimilated ideas and made them your life and character, you have more education than any man who has got by heart a whole library(.

Socie ! "#$ E$%c" io#& ' 2ducation has became one of the pre5re.uisites of modern society. 2ducation is both a modern and a traditional social force. The present society is very much based on modern education and education as such a part and parcel of the modern society. 2ducation provides necessary !nowledge and s!ills which enable on individual to operate efficiently in the society and also to contribute to its successful functioning C1.% Shan!ar =aoE

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2.1 INTRODUCTION&(

This pro6ect discusses the main reason of students migration from Manipur to Pune for higher education. 1omparing to all the other north5east states, Manipur is one of the state which faces number of problems regarding educational system. @esides, problem the parents of the students also want their children to study from a good and well !nown university li!e Pune )niversity.

Distorically Pune has been an educational city with trend even continuing today. Many colleges and universities in Pune offer graduate and post graduate education in medicine, pharmacy, engineering, basic science, management, liberal arts, dentistry, commerce, information technology etc with students and wor!force arriving from various parts of "ndia and world. Pune has now become a true cosmopolitan city. Pune with its world class health care system and pleasant year round weather is also e'periencing a growth in health tourism and retirement communities.

There is no doubt about the fact that Pune has a good standard of education system and also because of the good environment students from Manipur as well as from other state and country come to Pune for better education.

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2.2 O)*ECTIVES&(

1. To understand various reason affecting students higher education in Manipur.

2. To understand parents perspective regarding their children education.

>. To find out the efforts made by the state government in improving educational system.

,. To !now the problems of Manipuri students as they are studying outside their state.

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2.3 +YPOT+ESIS&(

1. 0ll sorts of violence and atrocities against people and the place should be stopped.

2. State :overnment should ta!e the right steps for the welfare and development of the education system in Manipur.

>. 0wareness should be created among people about their legal right and duties.

,. Parents support their children by sending them outside their state with great hope and desire for higher education.

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2.4 SIGNIFICANCE&(

1. To create a general awareness and understanding of the problem of education system in Manipur.

2. To develop a sense of self5worth, a belief in one#s ability to secure desired change and the right to control one#s life.

>. To bring students into the mainstream, an enabling environment with re.uisite educational policies and programmes.

,. To create greater awareness and understanding of the problems of unemployment among youths in Manipur.

4. To provide better infrastructure of education for students so as to e.uip them well to face challenges.

G. To create an environment through positive economic and social policies for full development of students to enable them to realize their full potential.

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2., MET+ODS OF DATA COLLECTION&(

The methodology adopted for collection of re.uired data is primary as well as secondary ata. The information about this pro6ect are gathered through .uestionaire, boo!s, internet as well as 6ournals and magazines etc.

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2.6 TOOLS OF DATA COLLECTION&(

1. Juestionnaires. 2. "nteraction with the friends circle. >. iscussion.

,. 0ction plans of individual. The data were collected by basing the methodology and using the appropriate tools and techni.ues.

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2.7 SAMPLING&(

The researcher has used .uota sampling in the research because this sampling uses 6udgment sampling which is also !now has purposive sampling. 7ith the help of 6udgment sampling the researcher has selected the units to form sample and the !nowledge of investigator has been used best.

@esides, .uota and 6udgment sampling the researcher has used convenience sampling as it is useful in investigating design as a source for formulating hypothesis and testing .uestionnaire. "t is as hit or miss method. 1onvenience sampling is mostly used in social research.

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2.- C+APTER SC+EME&(

0E I# .o$%c io# "#$ .e/ie0 o1 2e 3i e." %.e The introduction and review of the literature includes the bac!ground ,meaning of

migration ,student migration and the education system of both Pune and Manipur .The review of the literature and introduction was written with the !nowledge which " got through the data collection and sources from the "nternet .

The written were e'clusively hosed on the truth of the migration of Manipuri students for education in Pune and the present education system of Manipur.

@E Re4e".c2 Me 2o$o3o5!

The study of Migration of Manipuri student for education in Pune has been done carefully by applying the scientific research methodology. "t is with the help of this research that reliable information can be collected about social phenomenon . This research also helps in human progress and controls the course of human behavior. The select of the sampling ,setting of the methods of the data collection, tools of the collection and all the important and necessary method which comes under research methodology has been studied properly.3ormation of hypothesis is most essential because every investigation must have either something to establish or to refute.Therefore, hypothesis is the basis of all social investigation.

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16 A#"3!4i4 o1 D" "

0fter completion of data collection process, researcher has to analyse that data. 0nalysis of data involves many steps e.g5 1ategorization, tabulation, classification, editing, coding and interpretation. 0nalysis of data is to be made with reference to the problems and ob6ectives of research. The main ob6ect of analysis of data is to summarize collected data and organize them. The !nowledge of computer is great preferred and plays an important role to do the analysis of data. The !nowledge of computer science is re.uiring for the effective and efficient of analysis of data.

D6 Fi#$i#54
Social research is very comple' problem and it is usually difficult to find out good and accurate results with the help of one method alone. There are no difficulties if the researcher has the !nowledge of the research. 7ithout social research these need have come to light and there would have been a social lag which would result on social stratification.

26 S%55e4 io#4
There is no suggestion to be state regarding the research methodology but the simple suggest to this is preparing well the research design. "t is very true that without proper and effective research design the research won#t be meaningful. =esearch design plays an important role in giving full meaning to research. 7ithout proper and correct research design the research is incomplete and wrong.

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F6 Co#c3%4io#
The scientific research is of great significance to our modern society. "t is assuming still more and more importance because of ever increasing social problems and complications. Thus research is the solution for present and the future. "t also helps us in !nowing latest social trends and directions in which society is a roving.

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2.7 LIMITATION OF T+E STUDY&(

"t was not possible to collect all the necessary information for the deep study. 0s this study is done in Pune so all the information was not available as per the study re.uired. Some students were not ready to give the proper information. This is the first time ma!ing pro6ect so there is every possibility errors will be there inspite of all possible corrections made.

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Data Analysis:The comparative study is done after the analysis of the 20 variables into tabulation form. Firstly, the researcher has collected all the data through questionnaire and later the researcher has analysis the data into tabulation form to compare and show the involved relation recorded data or responses. Tabulation is the summarization of results in the form of statistical table.

3.0 Background:Table 3. !ccupation of Father

#ovt. $mployee 'usiness )ultivator *etired Total Frequency 0 ( ( 2 20 "ercentage %0& 20& 20& 0& 100%

The table above shows that most of the students occupation of father is #ovt. employee. 'oth business and cultivator are same and only 0& +tudents father got retired.

Table 3.2 !ccupation of ,other

#ovt. $mployee -ouse wife )ultivator 'usiness /#! Total Frequency % . ( 2 20 "ercentage 2%& (0& 20& %& 0& 100%

The table clearly indicates that (0& mother are housewife, 20& are cultivator and 2%& are in #ovt. $mployees, 0& are in /#! service and %& in business. 0t means that the students mother are in various 1ob field and the students are getting help since most of the mothers are wor2ing and earning for their family members.

Table 3.3 /umber of Family members

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/umber ( % 3 4 . Total

Frequency 3 ( 0 2 20

"ercentage %& 20& %0& 0& %& 100%

The above table shows that %0& are having only 3 members, 20& are having % members of family, %& are having (number of members, 0& are having 4 number and %& are having large number of members that is . of them. The table shows that ma1ority of the student is having small family members.

Table 3.( /umber of 'oys

/umber 2 3 ( Total Frequency ( % 3 % 20 "ercentage 20& 2%& 30& 2%& 100%

The table above indicates that there are 30& boys in 3 family members, 2%& both in % family members and 20& in ( family members.

Table 3.% /umber of #irls

/umber Frequency "ercentage 2- / P a g e

2 3 ( % Total

% 3 3 3 20

2%& 30& 30& %& 100%

-ere in this table we can easily see that most of the students family members are having large number of girls than comparing to boys. 2 students are having 30& percent of girls in their family members.

3.1 Reasons for migration Table 3.3 5hy did you select "une for higher education
'etter $ducation Friends #ood $nvironment *elatives Total Frequency 4 /il 3 /il 20
20 % 0 % 0 'etter $du Friends #ood $nv *eletives

"ercentage .%& /il %& /il 100%

The above table and graph indicates that .%& select "une for better education and only %& for good environment. 0t means "une is chosen for better education and good

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environment which is the most important thing for the student. For higher education ma1ority of students have chosen "une for better education.

Table 3.4 5ho in your state influenced your decision of migrating to "une
+elf "arents Teachers Friends *elatives Total Frequency % 3 % 2 % 20 "ercentage 2%& %& 2%& 0& 2%& 100%

0n the above table 2%& got influenced by decision of self, teachers and relatives. !ther %& decision of migrating to "une was parents and 0& was because of friends.

Table 3.. "une 6niversity is the 7!8ford of the $ast9

:es /o Total /umber 2 . 20 "ercentage 30& (0& 100%

0n the above given table 30& agreed that "une is popularly 2nown as 7!8ford of the $ast9 and we can say that it is one very important reason for the migration of ,anipuri students to "une for education.

Table 3.; -ow do you li2e about "une education system

+atisfactory #ood Frequency 2 0 "ercentage 0& %0& 22 / P a g e

'etter $8cellent "oor Total

2 ( 2 20

0& 20& 0& 100%

0n the above table %0& of the students said good about "une educational system, 20& e8cellent about "une education system and 0& said poor, better and satisfactory. -ere we can e8amine that students really li2e and they are satisfied with the "une education system.

Table 3. 0 <o you have a networ2 of ,anipuri students association in "une

:es /o Total Frequency . 2 20 "ercentage ;0& 0& 100%

The table above shows that some 0& students are not in touch with their students associations in "une. 0t means they don=t 2now or they don=t want to be in networ2 of ,anipuri students association in "une. 'ut ;0& said that they have a networ2 of ,anipuri students association in "une.

3.2 om!arison of "ducation #ystem Table 3. )omparing to the $ducation of "une how good is it in ,anipur
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+atisfactory #ood 'etter $8cellent "oor Total

Frequency 3 0 /il 3 20

"ercentage %& %0& %0& /il 30& 100%

0 ; . 4 3 % ( 3 2 0

+atisfactory #ood 'etter "oor $8cellent

0n poor, while %& said education system is satisfactory in ,anipur.

the

above given table and graph it shows that %0& said good and better and 30& and its

Table 3. 2 0s the student>teacher ratio better in ,anipur or "une

,anipur "une Frequency 2 . "ercentage 0& ;0& 2, / P a g e

Total

20

100%

20 % 0 % 0 ,anipur "une

The above table and graph clearly indicates that ;0& believe that student>teacher ratio is better in "une. 0& said its better in ,anipur. -ere also ma1ority of students li2e "une education system.

Table 3. 3 <o you want people from other state or country to come to "une for further studies.
:es /o Total Frequency ; 20 "ercentage ;%& %& 100%

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The table above shows that ;%& students wants people from other state or country to come to pune for studies. 0t shows that with their e8perience and 2nowledge they really value the place and especially the education system.

Table 3. ( <oes qualitative education is being given in ,anipur or not

:es /o Total Frequency 2 . 20 "ercentage 30& (0& 100%

% 0 % 0

: es /o )olumn

The table and graph above shows that qualitative education is being given in ,anipur. 'ut (0& doesn=t agree with it.

Table 3. % ?re the students and teachers regular or irregular in the class in your state college +tudents *egular or 0rregular
Frequency *egular 0rregular Total ; 20 "ercentage %%& (%& 100% 2G / P a g e

The table above indicates that %%& said students are regular and (%& said students are not regular. The main reason behind is due to stri2es and other socio> political unrest students are unable to attend the class in their state colleges.

Teacher *egular or 0rregular

*egular 0rregular Total Frequency . 2 20 "ercentage (0& 30& 100%

-ere the table shows that only (0& students said teachers are regular and 30& said teachers are irregular. The reason for the teachers to be irregular is because of salary stri2es etc. The teachers never get their salary on time and that is the very reason for irregular in the class.

Table 3. 3 +imilarities find between pune colleges and your state colleges
Frequency $8am pattern Teaching method Teacher>student relationship *egular classes $8tra curricular activities Total % 3 % ( 20 "ercentage 2%& 30& 2%& 20& 100%

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The above table shows that mostly similarities are found in teacher>student relationships in both pune and ,anipur colleges. +imilarities are also found in teaching method and regular classes by each 2%& and only 20& said that there are similarities in e8tra curricular activities in both pune and ,anipur colleges.

Table 3. 4 <issimilarities between your state colleges and pune colleges

$8am pattern Teaching method Teacher>student relationship *egular classes $8tra curricular activities Total Frequency 4 2 2 ( % 20 "ercentage 3%& 0& 0& 20& 2%& 100%

The above given table shows that 3%& found dissimilarities in e8am pattern. +ame 0& each in teaching method and teacher>student relationships. 2%& said there is no e8tra curricular activities as compared to pune colleges and 20& said regular classes in pune then comparing to their state colleges.

Table 3. . 0s there any improvement in your studies especially results pattern

:es /o Total Frequency 20 /il 20 "ercentage 00& /il 100%

The above table shows that all the 00& students are happy because they said after coming to pune for education there studies especially results pattern has improved to a great e8tent.

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3.3 $acilities gi%en &y t'e (o%ernment Table 3. ; ?ny facilities given by your state #overnment
:es /o Total Frequency /il 20 20 "ercentage /il 00& 100%

The table shows that 00& students are not getting facilities from their state #ovt. 0t is very sad to 2now that the state #overnment doesn=t provide or give any facilities to those students who are studying outside their states.

Table 3.20 -appy and satisfy with the facilities given to you by the colleges of pune
:es /o Total Frequency 2 . 20 "ercentage 30& (0& 100%

The above given table shows that 30& said yes and (0& said no. 0t means that for 30& who said yes they are much more happy and satisfy with the facilities given to them by the colleges of pune and for the rest (0& they are not that happy with pune colleges but comparing to their own state colleges they said pune colleges facilities are far much better.

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Table 3.2 -appy with your sate educational system and the #ovt
:es /o Total Frequency 4 3 20 "ercentage 3%& 3%& 100%

( 2 0 . 3 ( 2 0 :es /o

The table and graph shows that ma1ority of the students are not happy with their state educational system and the #ovt. For them #ovt doesn=t loo2 properly to the problem which is related to educational system. 0f the #ovt is strong and faithful then all the problems related to the state will vanish into thin air. The students are not happy with the state educational system and at the same time with the #ovt. !nly 3%& said yes to the question.

3.) *ro&lem faced as a migrant student Table 3.22 ,ain problems your are facing as a migrant student in pune
?ccommodation Frequency 3 "ercentage 30& >- / P a g e

Fooding Transportation !thers Total

( % % 20

20& 2%& 2%& 100%

The table above shows that as a migrant student 30& are facing problem in accommodation because of the e8pensive rent and its very difficult to get also. 2%& each in transportation and others. Those who doesn=t have their own vehicle they faces the problem and others problem includes the local people who many a times doesn=t treat the outsiders as from same country. The rest 20& face problem in fooding as it is difficult to ad1ust with the food style of different state.

Table 3.23 0s the mother tongue a hindrance in learning a new language

:es /o Total Frequency 0 0 20 "ercentage %0& %0& 100%

The above table indicates that its equal %0& said that mother tongue is hindrance in learning new language and other %0& said no. 0t depends on the individual if they want to learn from their heart they can learn easily any new language without hindrance.

Table 3.2( -ow is your e8perience in pune as it is a different place for you
#ood 'ad Frequency 3 ( "ercentage 30& 20& >1 / P a g e

'oth /one Total

0 /il 20

%0& /il 100%

0 . 3 ( 2 0 #ood 'ad 'oth /one

The above table and graph shows that %0& e8perience is both good as well as bad. 30& e8perience in pune is good and only 20& said their e8perience is bad. !ne important thing is whether it be good, bad or both its natural and sometimes everyone should e8perience then only they will 2now how to deal with the situation.

3.+ "ducation system affected in ,ani!ur Table 3.2% 0s the education system badly affected in ,anipur
:es /o Total Frequency % % 20 "ercentage 4%& 2%& 100%

3 ( 2 0 . 3 ( 2 0 :es /o :es /o

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The table and graph indicates that education system is badly affected in ,anipur. 4%& of students said it is very true and there are so many reasons which badly affects the education system. 2%& said no but the truth is education system is badly affected in ,anipur.

Table 3.23 5hat are the main reasons by which education system is being affected in ,anipur
+tri2es )orruption 6nemployment Failed economy +ocio>political unrest !ther ?ll the above Total Frequency 3 3 3 2 3 0 3 20 "ercentage 30& %& %& 0& %& 0 %& 100%

0n the above table it shows that stri2es are the main reason which affects the education system. %& of students said corruption, other %& said its because of unemployment again %& gave socio>political unrest and %& again said all the above that is stri2es, corruption, unemployment, failed economy, socio>political unrest and others. 0& said

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its all because of failed economy by which education system is being affected in ,anipur.

Table 3.24 5ho are responsible for creating violence which is harmful for people as well as for the state
,ilitants @ocal people "oliticians !thers Total Frequency . 3 ; /il 20 "ercentage (0& %& (%& /il 100%

; . 4 3 % ( 3 2 0

,ilitants @ocal "eople "oliticians !thers

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The table and graph shows that (%& said it is because of politicians who are responsible for creating violence and (0& said it=s the militants and %& said it=s the local people. ?ll the above, the ma1ority said militants fight with commandos, politicians ma2e an issue and local people ma2e the scene worse by stri2e and bandh.

Table 3.2. ?ny chances in the future to overcome all the problems and issues related to education system
:es /o Total Frequency % % 20 "ercentage 4%& 2%& 100%

3 ( 2 0 . 3 ( 2 0 :es /o :es /o

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0n the above given table and graph %& of students still have hopes saying that vanish militants, turn government to anti>corruption squad and ma2e the local people non> violent. ?nd 2%& directly said no because with the increasing problem bac2 in ,anipur there is no chances in the future to overcome all the problems especially related to education system.

4.1 Seco#$".! $" "&(

Manipur one of the seven sates of %orth52ast "ndia is rich in art and tradition, the state is considered to be the K$ewel of "ndia# for its scenic beauty.

The state occupies a strong position in the literary field through the policies ta!en by both central and state government to elevate the educational system. The Manipur state education policy is based on the power of analyses, Syntheses and applying !nowledge irrespective of their economic bac!ground and geographical areas. The people of Manipur thin! that choice and e'cellence in education do not depend on wealth but on enthusiasm and necessity. The people of Manipur believe that education is not only student oriented it should be society oriented.

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Most of the people from north east states belong to economically bac!ward class but they have strong desire to educate their children from a good )niversity li!e )niversity of Pune. Many parents send their children to university of Pune for further studies since Pune city is popularly !nown as educational city of "ndia. The )niversity of Pune also popularly !nown as &o'ford of the 2ast(. So many students from other states also come for their further studies with great hope and desire.

The last but the greatest factor of the migration of students from Manipur is the present law and order situation. The cheapest thing in the state is first bullet and the ne't is band and general stri!e. "t is said that one can predict the late arrival of monsoon or coming of flood due to heavy cyclone but no one can predict what will happen in the ne't minute.

"t is strange but true in Manipur that in some colleges the number of teachers far e'ceed the number of students enrolled in an academic session. 0nd if this trend continues then there may be a time when the :overnment thin! it better not to allow to open these colleges further as it has done to amalgamate some high schools and downgraded some higher secondary schools. The need of the present situation is to find a permanent cure without amputating the whole structure of education in the state. Many students have to ma!e beelines before the admission counter of reputed colleges and secondary schools to get an admission form. Many parents went to the e'tent of greasing the palm of officials of schools to get their wards admitted.

0s a result the number of students enrolled in the colleges decreased year after year. There must be thousands of reasons which compel a parent to ta!e decision of admitting their children

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outside Manipur but there are also some reasons for which we cannot put the blame entirely on the shoulder of the parents and students.

The parents have already thought of giving their children the best food, the best cloth, the best education and the best thing which they can provide for them because parents always see! to realize their dreams and aspiration vicariously through their children. Af all these aspiration to provide best education for their children is supreme in the mind of the parents.

The authorities in the education department are continuing to operate in their customary way. %o wonder even the funding available for providing infrastructure is not being fully utilized. They are wor!ing more or less as they have been wor!ing in the past. There is no diversification, no change and no improvement in the methods of teaching or in the system of e'amination. 7hat is called vocationalisation is virtually absent in the degree level which is a very essential part of education in this level and it is one big muddle to which neither the :ovt nor the college and the university authorities has paid any serious attention.

The age of the youths at the stage of 1-H2 is a vulnerable age in the suspicious eyes of the security forces and it is this fear that most parents thin! it better to e'ile their children in any part of "ndia without having a second thought what course does their children ta!e up but to !eep their children in safer place not in Manipur. The effect of this mass migration is felt in the state society today. The Manipur )niversity has also rendered a great help in e'porting a great number of students from the state to other state. The fact of the matter is that the system of education continues to be what it was in the early 4-s. The differences is only the increase in number of

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teachers and their salaries. 2verything else remains the same. "t is better to leave it to the hands of the intellectual for further discussion.

The progress of higher education in the state in terms of .uality is not encouraging. Ma6ority of the students in the colleges of Manipur appears to have anticipated at the time they entered the college that their higher education after secondary school stage would help them to better their employment prospects. They continue their study without any definite ob6ective. Many of them don#t have !een interest in higher learning. They come to the colleges in the hope of getting 6obs for which only such education would .ualify them. The number of competent teachers is not many. There are a number of part5time teachers in the colleges. The norms set out by the ).:.1 are ignored in recruiting the part5time teachers. The gap between the students and teachers and students to students has also widened in Manipur. The academic interactions between teachers and students and among students themselves have been very limited. "n such situation, even the serious5minded students do not have much of a chance of developing their potentialities.

The present higher educational system in the state is not up to the desired standard. There is inability to maintain proper academic calendar. The fre.uent ban!s stri!es and boycotts are the main hindrances in maintaining proper academic atmosphere in the colleges and attitude of both teachers and students. "f there are holiday, both students and teachers seem to en6oy and ta!e advantage of the situation. There are also la!e of student#s !nowledge and s!ills necessary to cope with the demands of their courses. iscipline, commitment and basic !nowledge etc are

lac!ing. <ac! of proper and ade.uate academic atmosphere, parental and government support

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and e'istence of corruption are some of the reasons for these situation. Therefore it is not surprising that many parents send their children outside the state for their studies.

The parents and teachers play an important role in sensitizing students about their educational and career choices. Students are to be informed of the modern avenues and changes from time to time. There is a need of a closer and consistent contact with students and motivate them. %o substantial efforts could be seen in this regard in the college of Manipur. There are no formal counseling centres in the college and no information is being disseminated to the students properly about their educational and career choices. The present higher education system has contributed to the problem of unemployment in the state. There has been increase in the number of graduates in the faculties of science, arts and commerce. There is lac! of professional and technical institutions. State :overnment cannot provide employment to all the graduate coming out from the general colleges. The state has also no large5scale industries to absorb these educated youths. These create a serious unemployment problem in the sate.

4.2 P.o1i3e o1 C"$.e4&(

1. T2e A$o3e4ce# 4c2oo3 D.o8(o% &( The immediate impulse for this young boy to 6oin militancy comes from a minor verbal scolding by his father, inability of his parents to buy him a pair of branded 6eans or bi!e, e'pulsion from school because of failure in e'aminations, fight with another boy

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has stolen his girlfriend C to teach them a lesson E, fight with the neighbours or simply because of bad company.

2. T2e Re/e#5e1%3 +o +e"$&( The boy who 6oin militancy to avenge the death of one of his relatives in one of the police firings. Dis relative may be an innocent civilian, a hardcore militant or anyone. 0ll he needed was a psychological counseling by a counselor and not a brainwash by the militants.

>. Se9i(E$%c" e$ "#$ %#e983o!e$&( Those people who has somehow got a degree has yet managed to end up being 6ust over5literate, was loo!ing for 6obs, war afraid of writing e'aminations or has written many e'aminations and attended interviews but never got luc!y because of million reasons that may include genuine reasons li!e inability to pay bribe.

,. T2e 0ei.$ )."i#&( The boy who has studied a lot of boo!s but has the nag of interpreting things in weird ways and who is very proud of and obsessed with his ideas in a &frog5in5the5well( way. De has actually never made an attempt to thin! beyond himself and his interest. That is why he never wants to run a practicality chec! on his ideas. 0nd the reason why he is not bothered by the fact that the common people are being massacred by his armed

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dacoits and security forces and the state is crumbling by sheer dint of his ideas and machinations.

4. T2e S%#$.!&( Many of the present hardcore militants 6oined militancy as orphaned pre5 adolescent !ids who fell prey to the bad influence. They will tal! of their achievements with an ignorant and foolish pride. Things have come to such a pass now that some parents are ta!ing pride in their newfound &power( by virtue of their son#s association with militant organizations. <ittle do they !now that what people actually have for them is actually an abominable hatred. 0fter the profile of cadres, let us analyze the achievement of militancy in ManipurF5

1. F"i3e$ E$%c" io# S!4 e9&( The temples of !nowledge are fre.uent target of the mindless mobsters and instigated violence. 0lmost daily routines of stri!es, bands, boycotts, e'tortion demands to institutions etc, mean loss of class hours, loss of academic years and murder of careers of the students whose parents try their best to send their children outside. 3ailed education system is one of the great achievements of militancy in Manipur.

2. F"i3e$ Eco#o9!&(

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0E @ecause of the virtually non5e'istent educational infrastructure and law and order situation, students are going outside for their education. This means a huge financial outflow burden on the economy.

@E @ecause of the law and order situation mar!ed by a constant air of terror and routine stri!es and agitations, no investment avenues are open from outside the state for any new business adventures and the few e'isting business suffer from heavy wor! and financial losses.

1E "t is only the economically well5off families who can afford for a decent education of their children outside Manipur. The vast ma6ority have no other way than !eep seeing their children grow into frustrated educational dwarfs who are prone to fall prey to the claws of the e'tortionist gangs who lure them with instant power and easy money. "n general the overall economically productive potential of the people !eeps decreasing in negative logs.

E An a different breath, people spend so lu'uriously on innumerable numbers of festivals and other unnecessary rituals li!e house warming and other ceremonies of birth, marriage and death.C that can be simply and meaningfully performed E

>.

Co..%8 Po3i ic"3 C3"44F5 Meanwhile the politicians are busy lining their poc!ets. o anybody care to ta!e notice of the various facts that have been carried in national dailies one of which is the fact that ,> / P a g e

per capita central funding is the highest in the north5east where does it goL "t is not a common !nowledge that they are being wrapped by militants and politicians in connivance with each other. Militants have been doing everything to encourage corruption.

Thus, education system is the bac!bone of a society. Therefore it is the need of the hour that education system of the state is not maligned and the purity and sanctity is restored. Juality education that caters to the need of the bright and ever mouldable young students is the need of the hour for the society to march ahead. 2ducational system with a sound recruiting system becomes all the more important when we loo! it from every states perspective as educated people are the one who becomes teachers, doctors, engineers, lawyers, police officers and hold :overnment post to sum up they are the one who run the state.

<ast but not the least, growing up is a stage when everything we hear and see becomes a new e'perience. 7hatever we hear and see shapes us in one way or another hence people everywhere around the world give importance to letting their children growing up in a positive environment. Students growing up in the company of good environment and people with good moral and ethical education surely becomes good, moral and ethical citizens and achieve great things. 7hile growing up students need support and motivation and iconic figure which they can follow. "f a student grows up in negative environment !nowingly or un!nowingly they absorb and inculcate those negative characters in the environment in their own lives and ma!es them follow a wrong direction or path and

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many people of Manipur said that the students growing up in Manipur are in a very negative environment and they shouldn#t be blamed if some of them are going towards wrong path. "t is said that it is the environment and situation that is supporting them to go in the wrong path. The state is ruled by corrupt politicians who cares nothing about morality, ethical behavior but runs only after 6ust power and money.

The new generation of students don#t have any e'ample to follow.7hat they see in all these incidents from the top most decision ma!ing political scenario to lowest grass root level is nothing but in6ustice and corruption. The present government that runs the state has ruined the state because of its incompetencies in running the government and utter lac! of moral and ethical values which has resulted in creation of lots ill feeling among the general public and restlessness in the state. There is lac! of trust and understanding among all sections of the society and its felt even by the neighbouring state. SUMMARY

"t is true that education system is badly affected in Manipur due to ongoing socio5 political, unrest, stri!es, corruption, and unemployment and so on. Parents are worried for their children education and many parents want to send their children outside state with pure intention for better education. Ane serious problem in the state is unemployment and the credit goes to present higher education system. The people are suffering so badly and the problem !eeps on increasing everyday but there is no one who ta!es the initiative to solve the problem. ,4 / P a g e

"f the people of Manipur wants peace and harmonious environment then they have to struggle to achieve their goal. 3irstly, the state government should ta!e the efforts and try to bring development in the educational system. "t is a belief of many people that if educational system is developed then all the problems will get solve. <ac! of proper and ade.uate academic atmosphere, parental and government support and e'istence of corruption are some of the important reasons which affects the education of the student.

@esides having this many problem there are many students who don#t have !een interest in higher learning. Ane very important thing which affects the education of the children in the state is many colleges in Manipur are without ade.uate infrastructures and proper facilities. So, because of this hardly any students wants to go to colleges. To run the state smoothly and for the welfare of the people it is the responsibility of all the people of the state to wor! together and co5operate with one another. "f all the people thin! and wor! hard then surely progress and the future of the young generation will be bright. Sustained development will ta!e place in an environment of peace and tran.uility. People of Manipur should maintain harmony, re6ect violence and 6oin national mainstream efforts for the development and progress of the country. 7hen people wor! together there is much that can be achieved. <astly, the people of Manipur should ta!e the initiative to bring about a friendly and harmonious atmosphere in the state.

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CONCLUSION

The present condition of education in the state has a mar! improvement in the education system as compared to the condition it was before a year or two. Than!s to the organization propaganding and striving to bring .uality education to the state. People may not realize the importance of their step but this is a giant step ta!en forward and it will help Manipur a lot in the long run. Juality and fair education system going hand in hand with a transparent recruiting system can very effectively help in fighting the rampant corruption that is now visible and practical in full swing in the state. 7hen the state conduct e'amination that is free of unfair means only the deserving candidates who have got the !nowledge and academic ability pass the e'amination.

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To go more forward the state need to have a system where they have a corruption free recruiting system for filling vacancies of :ovt post. The state also needs to change the corrupted world of MPS1 organization involve in bringing .uality education are best suited to help in resurgence of a new MPS1 who recruit only deserving candidates. This way they will be able to identify the creamy layer of the student who have passed the test and grind of fair board and recruiting e'aminations and they will be the one who will become deserving doctors, engineers, teachers, lawyers and hold government post. %ow right person for the right post becomes a reality. This will put a thought in the subconscious mind of each and every student that &only hard wor! pays( and they will be able to accomplished the much needed revival of the education system for the betterment of the society. Such students who have passed through the grind of .uality education and recruitment are less prone to corruption because they will value the fruits of hard wor!.

Thus, when we have an education system and recruitments system free of unfair means we are sure of marching ahead. 7e will no more hear of bright students dropping out of school 6ust because of the rustic system that have e'isted. 0ll the post will be in hands of the right person who have earned the right to hold the post by their sheer hard wor!. @ribing to pass e'ams and get 6ob will be history. Mending our corrupted society through .uality education and recruitment system will help in 6oining the bandwagon of developmental race the whole world is undergoing now. Talented youngster will be motivated to wor! hard !nowing very well the fruit of hard wor!. "t#s now the responsibility of the people to maintain the trend that has been set to bring .uality

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education to the state. This is the dream of the people of Manipur that Manipur will be free of corruption, strong in education system and a place where hard wor! is respected.

RECOMMENDATIONS

"n order to bring centre5stage of development and thereby ensuring better participation in the development efforts of the nations and enabling them to ta!e a lead role in the society, the following recommendations may be concededF5

a. To improve the present system of higher education in the state, the students should do their own academic activity, strict adherence of proper regulations to increase e'penditure and ade.uate attention of government on education. b. Parents and teachers should be the effective and motivating force of the students besides guiding them.

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c. :iving special incentives to poor families to send their children to schools and college. d. Scholarship scheme for children of families engaged in low occupations such as farmers, oil5 grinding, labour etc. e. 2stablishing educational institutions in the remote places li!e hilly areas and mountainous forest areas. f. To solve the problem of higher education and graduate unemployment there should be .ualitative improvement of the college curricula, restricting the inta!e into the degree courses, introduction or opening of professional and vocational sub6ectsMcourses, setting up of career counseling units e.uipped with the latest information bulletins about the development of the prospective careers etc. g. Maintaining a proper record relating to the enrolment of students and their attendance in schools and colleges and their performance in the e'aminations. h. Special care should be ta!en to implement the programme of universalisation of elementary education in some selected areas where the level of literacy or S1s, STs and A@1s has been found to be very poor. i. Providing for as many hostel facilities as possible. 6. 2ncouraging educated tribal#s to ta!e up teaching in tribal areas.

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)I)LIOGRAP+Y

1E "ntroduction to Manipur by <airenmayum "boongohal Singh CThird edition 1*+B522-copiesE 2E :ovinda =, providing education for all "ndia, 0n overview, 0rticles. >E Sociology of "ndian society, 1.% Shan!ar =ao C=evised edition 2--+E ,E 0eroshil %ameira!pam, Manipur murdering the future of its own young generation, 0n 0rticle. 4E Sing N.; and =.@ @a6pai =esearch Methodology Techni.ues trends volume CiE0pp publishing vol.CiE, 2--B. GE Ainam 0nand, Migration of students from Manipur, 0n 0rticle for the Sangai e'press.

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BE

r. Mona Purohit, <egal 2ducation and =esearch Methodology, 0llahabad, C3irst edition 2-1-E.

+E Madhav Menon %.=, 1linical <egal 2ducation, CedE <uc!nowF 2astern boo! company, 1**+. *E 0.% 0grawal, "ndian 2conomy Problems of evelopment and Planning, C2>rd editionE. 1-E %. Samungou Singh, 0 view on present higher education system of Manipur, 0n overview 0rticle. 11E 7ebsiteF5 iE iiE iiiE ivE httpFMMen.wi!ipedia.wgMwi!iMeducation. httpFMMen!ipedia.orgMwi!iMmigration. httpFMMen!ipedia.orgMwi!iMlegal research. www.google.com :UESTIONAIRE SC+EDULE @asic "nformationF5 %ame5 OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO 0ge5 OOOOOOOOO Se'5 OOOOOOOOOOOOOOO =eligion5 OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO %ationality5 OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO %ame of the college5 OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO 1lass5 OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO @ac!ground5 3ather#s occupation5 OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO Mother#s occupation5 OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO Total no. of family5 OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO aE %o. of boys5 OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO bE %o. of girls5 OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO =easons for MigrationF5 42 / P a g e

7hy did you select Pune for higher educationL @etter education :ood environment 3riends =elatives

7ho in your state influenced your decisions of migrating to PuneL Self 3riends Parents =elatives Teachers

o you agree that Pune )niversity is popularly !nown as &o'ford of the 2ast(L Nes %o

Dow do you li!e about Pune educational systemL Satisfactory 2'cellent :ood Poor @etter

o you have a networ! of Manipuri students association in PuneL Nes %o

1omparison of 2ducation SystemF5

1omparing to the education of Pune how good is it in ManipurL

Satisfactory

:ood

@etter

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2'cellent

Poor

"s the student5teacher ratio better in Manipur or PuneL Manipur Pune

o you want people from other state or country to come to Pune for further studiesL Nes 2'plain5 oes .ualitative education is being given in Manipur or notL Nes "f no e'plainF5 0re the students and the teachers regular or irregular in the class in your state collegesL Students5=egular "rregular %o %o

Teachers5 =egular

"rregular

7hat are the similarities you find between Pune colleges and your state collegesL 2'am Pattern Teacher5Student =elationship 2'tra 1urricular 0ctivities Teaching Method =egular classes

7hat are the dissimilarities you find between your state colleges and Pune collegesL

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2'am Pattern Teacher5Student =elationship 2'tra51urricular 0ctivities

Teaching Method =egular 1lasses

"s there any improvement in your studies especially result patternL Nes 3acilities given by the :overnmentF5 0re you getting any help or facilities from your state government as you are studying outside your stateL Nes %o %o

0re you happy with your state educational system and the government of your stateL Nes "f yesMno, e'plain5 OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO 0re you happy and satisfy with the facilities given to you by the colleges of PuneL Nes Problems faced as a Migrant StudentF5 7hat are the main problems you are facing as a migrant student in PuneL 0ccommodation Transportation 3ooding others %o %o

"f other than give answerF5 OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO 44 / P a g e

"s the mother tongue a hindrance in learning a new languageL Nes %o

Dow is your e'perience in Pune as it is a different place for youL :ood @oth 2ducation system affected in ManipurF5 "s the education system badly affected in ManipurL Nes %o @ad %one

7hat are the main reasons by which education system is being affected in ManipurL Stri!es )nemployment Socio5political unrest 0ll the above 0ccording to you who are responsible for creating violence which is harmful to the people as well as for your stateL Militant#s Politicians <ocal people Athers 1orruption 3ailed economy Athers

"f Ather#s 2'plainF5 OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO

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"s there any chances in the future to overcome all the problems and issues related to education systemL Nes %o

0ny Suggestions from your sideL OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO

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