Theory of Machines -II

Lecture 2

Dr. Nouby M. Ghazaly Mechanical Engineering Dept., Faculty of Engineering, South Valley University, Qena-83523, Egypt. Email: noubyluxor@gmail.com

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Outline of Presentation
Gear Animation Gear Terminology Velocity Ratio Applications of Gears

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Gear Animation

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Gear Terminology

Pitch circle, theoretical circle upon which all calculation is based

p, Circular pitch, distance from one teeth to the next, along the pitch circle. p=d/T
m, module=d/T pitch circle/number of teeth p= m
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Dr. Nouby M. Ghazaly

Gear Terminology
Pitch circle: is an imaginary circle that corresponds to the circumference of the friction gear from which the spur gear is derived. Addendum circle: A circle bounding the ends of the teeth, in a right section of the gear. Root (or dedendum) circle: The circle bounding the spaces between the teeth, in a right section of the gear. Addendum: The radial distance between the pitch circle and the addendum circle. Dedendum: The radial distance between the pitch circle and the root circle. Clearance: The difference between the dedendum of one gear and the addendum of the mating gear.
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Dr. Nouby M. Ghazaly

Gear Terminology
Face of a tooth: That part of the tooth surface lying outside the pitch surface. Flank of a tooth: The part of the tooth surface lying inside the pitch surface. Circular thickness (also called the tooth thickness): The thickness of the tooth measured on the pitch circle. It is the length of an arc and not the length of a straight line. Backlash: The difference between the circle thickness of one gear and the tooth space of the mating gear. Circular pitch (Pc) : The width of a tooth and a space, measured on the pitch circle.
Pc
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D
T
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Dr. Nouby M. Ghazaly

Gear Terminology
Diametral pitch (Pd): The number of teeth of a gear unit pitch diameter. The diametral pitch is, by definition, the number of teeth divided by the pitch diameter. That is,
Where Pd = diametral pitch T = number of teeth D = pitch diameter

T Pd D

Module (m): Pitch diameter divided by number of teeth. The pitch diameter is usually specified in inches or millimeters; in the former case the module is the inverse of diametral pitch. m = D/T

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Basic Gear Design

CENTER TO CENTER DISTANCES OF TWO GEARS

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Basic Gear Design

Gear Ratio (M) When two friction wheels of different diameter are placed together a point of the driver gear will travel the same distance as a point of the driven gear. Therefore, the number of teeth and the speed of the gears are directly proportional to its pitch diameter.
M1 = D1 = T1 = RPM2 M2 D2 T2 RPM1 Linear Velocity (V) Linear velocity is the distance that a given point on the friction wheel travels during a certain time period. Linear Velocity (V) = x Pitch Diameter of Gear (D) x RPM
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Factors considered in gear selection

Pitch circle diameter Number of teeth Face Width Material used to manufacture the gear Style of hub, bore, etc

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A Gear Spur Gear Catalog

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A Gear Spur Gear Catalog

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GEAR TRAINS
A gear train is two or more gear working together by meshing their teeth and turning each other in a system to generate power and speed It reduces speed and increases torque Electric motors are used with the gear systems to reduce the speed and increase the torque

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Types of Gear Train.

Simple Gear Train Compound Gear Train Riveted Gear train Epicycle Gear Train

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Simple Gear Train

The most common of the gear train is the gear pair connecting parallel shafts. The teeth of this type can be spur, helical or herringbone. Only one gear may rotate about a single axis

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Simple Gear Train

Multiple gears can be connected together to form a gear train.

Each shaft carries only one gear wheel. Intermediate gears are known as Idler Gears.

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Compound Gear Train

If two gear wheels are mounted on a common shaft then its a Compound Gear train.
Driver Compound Gear

Driven
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Compound Gear train

For large velocities ratios, compound gear train arrangement is preferred. The velocity of each tooth on A and B are the same so:
Input B A C Compound Gears GEAR 'B'

D Output

A TA = B TB
-as they are simple gears. Likewise for C and D,

C TC = D TD.
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GEAR 'A'

GEAR 'D'

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GEAR 'C'

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Reverted Gear Train

When the axes of the first driver and the last driven are co-axial, then the gear train is known as reverted gear train.
In a reverted gear train, the motion of the first gear and the last gear is same.
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Epicyclic Gear Train

Epicyclic means one gear revolving upon and around another. The design involves planet and sun gears as one orbits the other like a planet around the sun. A small gear at the center called the sun, several medium sized gears called the planets and a large external gear called the ring gear.
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Gear Ratio

Generally, the Gear Ratio is calculated by counting the teeth of the two gears, and applying the following formula:
Gear ratio = Number of teeth on driven gear Number of teeth on driver gear

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Gear Ratio - Calculation

A 100 tooth gear drives a 25 tooth gear. Calculate the gear ratio for the meshing teeth.

Gear ratio =

Number of teeth on driven gear Number of teeth on driver gear

Gear ratio =

driven driver

25 100

1 4

This is written as
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1:4
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Gear Speed :- Calculation

A motor gear has 28 teeth and revolves at 100 rev/min. The driven gear has 10 teeth. What is its rotational speed?
28 teeth, driver
10 teeth, driven

Speed of driven gear = Number of teeth on driver gear x 100 Number of teeth on driven gear Speed of driven gear = driver = driven 28 x 100 = 280 rev/min 10

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Report 1

Different methods of Gear Manufacture

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Questions?

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