Desing of Welded - Lincoln - PDF

I
=c
J'~
"
~J-d~:' .\,
;0
eo
"0
60,
"
,l'-
20
J,1.--/C
'"
{j
10
,0
4<J
"'0
80
100
---
L'ce
4<)0
<o<XJ
eoe
-/000
OE,c~ECTiON
,~R
)13~?-'Cf.---.B;_'
-------
INCHES
i-
~::'
LENGTH OF
BEAM
r,: ..,-? ,--1.-LCJ'~ '.:~<--__,=-~Q,
....1 ....
\. E
Rt 5UL TAIYT
J~ L
LA \
rt
L~
vne
GUb
~J
~~~.f":
'"=f"
r::;-r:[
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flL.1L.-li+
~,---
't---t--i
rOAD
~'ON::"'..:::;rR~TEO
+""'4
rei
.fQA....f'
UN/~ORM
BEAM
TYPE OF
TVPF OF
BD~M
BEAM
.----i----t
~~f'.O':L,.,J!j/ING
,M rWD lrtf.:{jQi//B!I2MOMENT OF INERTIA (I)
ClOn,COG
1,000,000
"no"lL1C
4CC,OOO
zoo,OOC
-/00>000
eo.cic c
~'(',llOC)
J.c.CClC
~7.'}00
co. 1!J,:7N BEAM
10,000 .7{)UND,--,
ICC
//1/4
111'<11)
MOME,_- OF INERTIA I'
~-R..!NCH
(5) d-,",D /dQ,
IN! Ht5
(4) .jL~.JWA8LE UN!:- DEFL( IION - .001
),
'<,
-,
.01
.O()6
.004
.~6z
-,
001
000,<"
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o o c ' o <O
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000,02
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r
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MACHINE
TOOL
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O(':J,(7CJ4
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TOOL
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-,
~.(}O'
apoo
/0,000_
<,
PRECf5/0N
MACHINE
00,
(lNCh'ES PEJ1 /N'C#)
'" <,
ALLOWA8LE UNIT
IJEFLECT/O!V
-,
"" -, -,
STlFFNE55 FACTOR
(MOME:VT OF INERT/4) I
t\C'OO
4,000
'::000
I.{)OO
IZ/ ",.,'", 'H ,oF CiEAM 120,iVO-IE5.
II J
:, 'I
BOO
,"oc
...;.~ 1,--1
,"0
I,'J/:J
QIV BEAM({b.s)
TOTAL LOAD
FIGURE 9-Required Moment of Inertia of Beam Under Bending Load

(Stiffness Nomograph)
-; ,-l, ,(l
K'>.('l,~C
,(,
/0
4'
<0
'0
4'0
60
80
100
-"00
400
<iDo
800
-/,000
2',000
4;000
e.oco
8;,000
10,000
2qOOO
=,000
';'<...;000
80.000
/00,000
COO.l' ...?C'
~,ooo
W1O,OOO
{1,
(1)
...
~
III
-<
;;.
:::II
III
III
'"
QO
0.
r0-
o
o
<,
0.5
140 17.3
130 18.2
120 19.7
110 20.0
100
90
8.3
o7 oR
1 0
1 2
1.411.6
1.8
2.0
I
2.5
I
3.0
over
3
'
Ii
0.2
9.2
93
9.0
161
1.6
14.8
3.1
13.4
4.6
12.3
5.8
11.5
6 7
10.9
7.4
10.4
7.9
10.0
8.4
9.7
8.7
9.5
103 :
16.4
1.4
15 3
2.8
13.9
46
12.9
5.9
12.1
6.9
11.5
7 7
110
8.3
10.7
88
10.3
.9.2
10.1
9.6
9.9
9.8
9.5
9.9
7.5
9.5
7.9
9.2
8.2
89
85
8.7
8.7
7.0
15.8
1.6
14.3
3.1
12.9
4.5
11.8
5.6
11.0
6.4
10.4
0.4
2.8
0.6
1.4
1 7
2.1
26
12.0'11.4 8.4
4.1 3.7
10.9 10.3 69
5.0 4.4
f-----10.1 9.4 5.8
5.8 4 ..9
...~
9.4 R.7 5.0
6.1 5 3
8.9 8.2 4.3
1
6.5 .5 7
8.5 7.7 3.7
6.8 5.9
8.1
, 3.2
7.11
2.9
3.0
15.4 15.0 113.1

1.6 1.5
13~i130 10.4
0.6
20 0 20.0 200 20.0 19.7 19.1 18.8 18.1

20 0 20.0 19 1 18 2 17.6 17.3 17.1 16.7 16.5 15.5
0.9
20.0 19.1 17.9 17 1 16.7

0.6 1.2
20 0 18 3 17.3 16.9 16 3 15 R
0.4 1.:1 2 1 25
200 18 1 17.2 16 7 16 3 15 4 14.6
09
1 9 2.6 :1.1> 4.4
18.5 172 16.7 16 2 15 4 14.4 13.6
09 2.2 32 4.5 5 5 59
17.4 16.8 16.2 15.4 14.7 13.7 128
7 0
0.4 2.0 3 4 5.0 6 1 6.9
17.0 16.4 156 14 R 14.1 13.1 12.2
1 .5 3.1 5.1 6 5 74 79 7.9
16.7 15.9 151 14.3 13 6 12 6 11.8
2 . .5 4.7 6.5 7 7 1>.4 H.7 86
16.4 15 5 14 6 13.9 13.3 12.2 11.4
3.6 6.0 r. H.fi 92 94 92
16.0 15.1 14.3 13.6 13 0 11.9 11.1
49 7.1 1>5 94 9 I> 9.9 9.7
15.6 14.8 14.0 13.3 12.7 11.7 10.8
6.0 1>.0 9 2 100 10.4 104 10.0
15 4 I 14 5 13 8 13.1 12.5
106
1 1 . 5 10.4
7.0 1>.8 10.0 105 10 9 110.1>
14.9 14.1 13.4 12.8 122.!11.1 103
8.4 9.9 10.8 11.4 11.fil11.4 :10.9
'-1';-14.6 138 13.2 12.5 11.9! 10.9,10.0
9.5 10 8 11.6 12 0 12.1'11.8f 3
j14.3,113 6\13.0 12.3 11.7
10.3 11 .5 12.1 12.4 12 ..5
0.6
-This and preceding tables for the ASTM specification steels presented here by
courtesy of American Institute of Steel Construction.
Girders so proportioned that the computed shear is less than that given in right-hand column
do not require intermediate stiffeners.
* For single angle stiffeners, multiply by 1.8; For single plate stiffeners, multiply by 2.4.
'"
'"
'"
" r-no
150 17.1
-e
1.4
160 16.9
22
16 7
~
2.9
E
180 16.3
"C
0
4.1
'1. 200 15.8
59
220 15.4
7.3
I 240 1-51
""s:
"~
s:
Cl
~'"
.>:
~0
80
60
70
0.5
Aspect ratios ajh: stiffener spacing to web depth
AISC TABLE 3-50-Steel of 50 ksi Yield Point

Shear Stress, ksi (Shown on 1st line)
Stiffener Area, % of Web Area (In italics, on 2nd line)
en
v
e
v
'0
e
v
ro
s:
-c;
,
-
v
c
10.8
1247
10.3
12.9
12.25
11.1
13.8
12.08
11.6
14.5
11.1
12.91
9.8
12.3
12.71
10.5
13.1
8.2
13.63
7.7
9.7
13.41
10.8
8.6
8.9
6.6
13 15
13.92
11.7
9.6
72
9.0
11.98
7.6
11 I
11O.bl
11.08
15.8
15J
15.3
12.3
12.6
10.40
153
10 55
12.3
1093
12.6
15.2
122
11.49
1164
11.8
14.7
11.27
11.6
145
10.73: 9.83
11.8 : 11.6
14.8 '14.5
13.9
11.85
11.2
14.0
,I
i~:r i~:?7
11.30 10.40
10.4
IDA
13.0 I 13.0
10.0
12.5
14.0
1186
10.0
12.5
12.08j 11.51
9.4
9.9
11.8
12.4
1.4
89
11.1
108
9.42
11.3
14.2
I 84
8.89
i.~
11
i.t Ilg.g
110.1
8.9< !I8.62 I
10.4
9.28 i 8.96 118.40

9.8
9.6
9.0
12.3
12.0
11.3
9.04 1
8.70m T
10.7
13.4,
'
13.8
111
13 3
10.6
9.2~
9.62
10.1
12.6
lO 00
10.3
1 8.9
9.1
11.4 111.1
~5
950 1 9.18
8.62
984
9.1
12.1
12.8
~:60
110.0
9.3
1021
9.9
12.4
9.66
10.9
13.6
~:~5
10.5
~~9
~:~
10.08
I 9.4
10.f9
11.6
1009
9.8
9.75 i 9.44
1~:~6
88
11.0
10.0
1~~4 11~~3
10.60
~.~
In
~.~ I ~.~
~.i ! ~:6
10.40
8.1
10.2
1077
1149 111.20
i~
10.91
7.3
92
14.73
1.1
1.3
3.8 1
. 13.9
249
4.7
4.8
1225 111.96 i 11.46
3.6
4.5
1325 ! 12.97
11.23
82
]0.76
1.1
16.13
14.27\14.11 .13.82
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.5
2.6 I 2.7
0.9
0.9
14.97
16.53
1.8
1800
1.6
18.00
15.11
0.7
16.79
6.4
8.0
10.2
11.13
7.3
9.2
11.59
1.5
18.00
6.4
79
1 i.82
5.1
6.4
6.3
7.8
12.57
4.9
6.1
3.4
4.3
1291
13.55
31
39
19
2.4
14.45
0.5
0.6
15.27
17.09
18.00
13.89
2.1
12.34 11.76 10.86110.46

1
9.4
8.7 : 9.3 ,9.5
109 i 116
119
i i.s
10.7
7.9 1 86 I 89
11.16
12.43 i 11.53
7 7
8.1
9.6
102
12.66, 12.06
9.9
t~
13.30
14.23
2.7
3.4
12.12 11.52
1'J.4
11.0
13.0 ,13.7
11.6
12J6
9.4
13.48
7.7
10.1
5.1
63
14.30
93
12.48
8.1
61
7.6
3D
3.8
9.0'
13.15
13.91
14.82
28
8.6
12.71
5.1
63
13.40
72
14.19
13.31
13.04
6.8
8.6
8.2
1289
I
5 6 J 66
6.9
18
14.64
1.7
03
02
15.44
17.47
18.00
1~~6. 1~;6 12.17
~.~
13 52
4.0
5.1
13J2
5.6
6.9
1422
68
8.5
12.98
7.8
9.7
14.06
36
45
14.50
2.4
30
14.85
114.20
64
~.~
14.67
3.9
4.9
1 5.0
63
14.52 13JO
6.2
7.8
26
3.3
14.85
18
22
15.08
0.8
10
15.35
1.7
0.7
14.11
L~
0.1
0.1
15.33' 1485
0.6 ' 15
15.13
114.76
1.2 II
2.0
1.5
2.5
15.93
17 92
16.82 ' 15.69
17.93
18.00
18.00
18.00
18.00
1800
1.3
sttttener spacing to web depth
12
alh:
10
26
3.2
1509
15.54
'I
Aspect ratios
0.9
14.71
15.54
0.1
0.1
17.19
18.00
17 00
18.00
18.00
15.93 11~:j7
17.38
1800
18.00
~:~ I i:~
15.19
0.9
OJ
15.40
10 .84
I ]~ ~1
1706
18.00
1800
18.00
18.00
1800
18.00
]8.00
18.00
18.00
18.00
18.00
18.00
18.00
18.00
0.8
OJ
0.6
0.5
7.49
6.9
8.6
I
I
14.54
68
7 18
5.7
7.1
hllrlr.()lltallltlt'
n-quin- inlt-fIll(dl<ul'
sti(TttHr~.
1.23
-This and following tables for some of the proprietary steels presented here by courtesy
of Bethlehem Steel Corp. (Similar tables have been developed by United States Steel Cerp.)
For sing-It' angh- xtiffc-m-rs , multiply values in second and third horizontal lines hy 1.8.
Fur singl(' plate stiffenr-rs. multiplv values in second and third horizontal lines by ~A.
11llt
1.72
1 144
I
i 208
2.57
I 2.88
1 325
3.70
4.24
4.92
4.6
5.8
8.15
5.1
6.3
7.61
5.4
5.77
8.82
I-
6.87
8.31
10.27
Cirdl'r.":-'o pro!lHrll(JIlE'd that thv cumpun-d shear it: I(,s." than thut grvon in thc extreme right-hand column do
\\('\1
F,.
10.6
7.92
85
8.14 I
8.2
i
10.3
8.41
7.9
9.9
7.83
6.6
8.2
76
9.5
6.2
7.8
8.25
5.2
65
876
5.8
7.2
8.74
6.6
8.2
9.13
7.1
8.9
9.63
- 5.9
7.4
10.24
4.5
5.7
4.0
5.0
10.24
11.04
9.41
9.68
3.6
4.5
3.9
4.8
3.2
4.1
11.33
12.09
10.81
2.2
2.8
2.9
UI
12.34
2.3
5.0
6.3
3.0
over
16.96
13.88, 12.72
g:~
12.81
'
i 15.25
3.0
17.65
23
2.9
12
15
14.14
g:~
15.45
13.50
12
14
14.53
15.84
2.5
17.95
In third h'jri/.ol1t"llitlt, uulirutr- re-quired g-ro.":-' <In';l <If pairs uf mtcnm-diute stiffeners, as per cent Ill'
an'a A ,w,ing- :jli kxi vit-hl-pouu ."h'f'l fur tho stiflr-ners .)" = I.:!,~); j}=1.1I0,.
FI~url's g-in'l\
W(,I>
Figurr-, gi\('1l III SE'('IIIH!
or
20
18.00
Inelicall' rpl/Ulfld g-rlls." ureu of pair." of intr-rmediutt- stifleners, as per ('PClt

art-a A ,using ,,-) ksi vicld-poutt qt'l1 r"r thr- suflr-nvr-, r ~ 1.00; /}= 1.00 1 .
Fl~Ufl'." gin'l} III lOp hnnzontullinc opJlHsitt, our-h 11 I \'alu(' indicuu- allowahh, shear stresses
260
240
220
200
180
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
hit
Bethlehem TABLE 3-45-Steel of 45 ksi Yield Point

See Notes Below
S~iffeners
ALLOWABLE SHEAR STRESSES IN PLATE GIRDERS, KSI
And Required Gross Area of Pairs of Intermediate
~
!2.
"V
......
...
<,
iii
Ia
Q:
Illl:I
C
cr..
iii
(l)
..
..
CL.
C"
(l)
..
CL.
(l)
CL.
Shear Attachments -
Bridge
4.9-3
where:
Q = useful capacity of one shear connector,

beyond which the connector permits an
appreciable slip between concrete slab and
steel beam, lbs
F.S.
factor of safety
useful capacity
at one
~T
ooo~
shear connector
Q=330d2~
...... (3)
when hid > 4.2
Q = 80 h d
when hid < 4.2
t::J 1
f-W-I
vr: I....(6)
factor of safety
The factor of safety to be used in computing the
allowable design load for one shear connector, is obtained from the following formula *:
2.7( 1
F.S.
-vr:-
+ i)
180 ( h
r .(5)
Note: f'c = 28-day compressive strength of concrete

For most conditions, the useful capacity (Q) of the
shear connector may be read directly from Table 4, 5, or
6 which make it unnecessary to work the above formulas.
~;n--
Cl 1
3840 d
...... (4)
+ Cme + Cm; Co) 1 + C
(C me
+ Cm;) + Cv
........ (7)
* AASHO (1.95) now allows as an alternate, a factor safety of
4 in lieu of calculating it with the above formula.
TABLE l-Moment of Inertia, Transformed

Composite Section
Modular ralio
n =
10,
b =
effective slab width, t =
b _ 5 It
t. b.
~bape
slab thickness
Moment of inertia Ie of eompoaite beams, io.
Steel beam
b ,. G ft
TABLE 2-Section Modulus, Bottom Flange of

I Beam
Modular ratio
Shape
in.
, - 8
in.
t - 7
in.
t .. 6
in.
, - 7
in.
, - 8
, - 7
in.
in.
10,
,- 8
I
S
tn.!
effective slob width, t

Section ruodulux
b _ 7 It
t - Ii
n =
Steel beem
.'h. or
b = () rt
b-5t
S./As.
in.
in.
, - 6
in.
s:m. 71
'.8
In.
= ()
in.
slab thickness
C<Jllll"''1ite heuru, in.>
b = 7 ft
, - 8
in.
, .- 71 ' .- 81 ' .- 7
m.
In.
In,
36 WF
36 WF
36 WF
36 WF
300
280
200
245
38 WF 230
20,290
18.819
17,234
16,092
14,988
32,OG2 3ol,OM 3C1,08S 33-;1\48 35,820 38,017 37,386 39,715

30,237 32,147 34,080 31,H3 33,813 35,903 35.285 37,494
28,265 30,083 31,920 29,682 31,646 33,624 33.0111 35,104
26,810 28,5()1 30,328 28.164 30,043 31.932 31,338 33,323
25,403 27,076 28,166 26,083 28.477 30,279 29,696 31,583
36 WF 194
12,103 22,172 23,713 25,259 23,328 24,903 26,594 26,036 27,732
36 WF 182
36 WF 170
36 WF 100
36WFIM
11,282
10,470
9,739
9,012
21,028
19,880
18.845
17,800
33 WF
33 WF
33 WF
33WF
12.312
11.048
7,442
6,699
21.334 22,806 24,298

19,046 21.019 22,409
15,002 11\,099 17,200
13,896 14,919 16,046
220
200
141
130
22.49G
23,9fl7
22,6G3
20,172 21.500
19,000 20,319
~1.270
22, 1I6
20,890
19,805
18,699
23,6G8
22,31\3
21.198
20,017
22,425 24,001
20,647 22,108
15,754 lG,899
14.584 15,648
WF
WF
WF
WF
WF
300
280
200
245
230
1,105.1
1.031.2
951.1
892.5
835.5
12.5
12.5
12.4
12.4
12.3
1,306.0
1,223.Z
I,J3tl.1
1,070.9
1,007.7
1,340.3
1.255.2
1,10tl.9
1,100.2
1,035.4
1,375.2
1,288,7
1,198.4
1.130.0
1,063.8
1,325.8
1,241.9
1,153.1
1,087.0
1,022.7
1.361,5
1,275.5
1,185.2
1,117.3
1,051,2
1,397.7
1,309.9
J,217.4
1,147.8
J,080.6
1.379.0
1,292,0
1,200.3
1,130,9
1,064.4
1,41(,.9
1,327.2
1,233.5
1,162.7
1,094.0
25,215 24,070
23,823 23,292
22,58G 2:!,066
21,330 20,823
26,274
24,802
23,498
22,174
36
36
36
36
36
WF
WF
WF
WF
WF
194
182
170
160
150
663.13
621.2
579.1
541.0
502.9
11.6
11.6
lL.6
11.5
11.4
838,3
788.5
739.0
695,4
651.5
863.9
812.1
761,5
716.8
672.1
889.4
836,8
184.2
738.0
692.5
851.7
801.0
750.3
706,1
661.4
818.1
825.8
773.3
728.2
682.2
904.3
850.7
796.8
750.4
709.3
889.5
836.3
783.2
737.0
690.6
916.5
801.7
806.8
759.5
711.8
25,591
23,582
18.047
16.715
26,703
24,584
18,753
17,353
33
33
33
33
WF
WF
WF
WF
220
200
141
130
740.6
669.6
446.8
404.8
11.4
11.4
10.8
10.6
902.5
821,7
581.9
533.8
92{L3
846.5
600,9
551.7
956.6
871.6
620.3
573.5
916.1
833.9
590.5
541.8
943.8
859,2
609.9
559.9
971.9
885,2
629.7
578.4
955.6
869.7
617.2
566.4
08"\.3
806.2
637,..1
585.5
30 WF 124
30 WF 116
30 WF 108
354.0
327.9
299.2
9.7
9.0
9.4
472.8
441.6
408.8
489.G
457.11
423.9
M7.1
474,2
..139..1
479.7
448.0
414.7
497.1
464.5
430.2
615.0
481.4
440.1
503,0
469.9
435,3
521.3
487.3
451.6
27 WF 102
27 WF 94
266.3
242.8
8.9
8.8
363.1
334,4
377..1
347.7
392,3
301,6
368.3
339.0
383.0
352.8
398,3
31l7.1
387.5
356.8
403.2
371.7
25,038
23.047
17,572
16,257
30 WF 124
30 WF 110
30 WF 108
5,347 11.376 12,2M 13,145 11 ,939 12,855 13,781 13,355 14 .300

4,919 10,704 11,535 12,316 1l,22li 12,090 12,963 12,550 13,449
4,4111
9,983 10,703 11,553 1O,4H3 11.271 12,000 II .692 12,533
Z1 WF 102
ZlWF 94
3,004
3,207
8,187
7,612
8.658
8,234
9,541
8,87]
6,578
7.964
24 WF
24WF
24WF
24WF
100
94
84
70
2,987
2,083
2,364
2,090
6,739
6,379
5,791
5,292
7,3IG
6,936
6,298
5,757
7,9B
7,512
0,822
6,239
7.050
0,681
0.054
5,524
21 WF
21 WF
21 WF
73
08
02
1.000
1,478
1,327
4,202
3,955
3,640
4,603
4,334
3,990
5,020
4,733
4,361
18WF 60
18WF 65
18WF .>0
984
890
801
2,834
2,622
2,412
3,137
2,905
2,674
.>0
45
40
30
055
683
510
440
2,056
1,876
1,097
1,532
14WIo' 34
14WF 30
339
""'0
1,230
1,000
10WF
16WF
16WF
16WF
36
36
36
36
36
9,27]
8.008
9,981
9,209
9,liL-l
8,91G
10,345
9,597
7,G57
7.21iO
1),579
6,005
8,281
7,8/'11
7.120
6,508
7,940
7,5'27
G,811
6.210
8.585
8,148
7,371
6,730
24 WF
24WF
24WF
24WF
100
94
84
70
248.9
220.9
196.3
175.4
8.5
8.0
7.9
7.8
332.8
308.0
271;'3
249.9
3-lH.11
321.4
288.5
201.2
31i1.0
33.'>.5
301.3
273.2
337.3
312.5
280.1
253.3
351.4
326,3
292,8
265,0
36(1.6
341.0
306.2
277.5
355,11
330.3
296.3
268.3
371.2
345.6
3ID.:?
261.3
4.390
4,127
3,793
4,807
4,521
4,157
5 50 I 4,975
4,939
4,075
4,294
4,545
5,435
5, III
4,700
21 WF
21 WF
21 WF
73
08
02
150.7
139.9
126,4
7.0
7.0
6.9
219.4
205.1
187.1
230.5
215.7
197.0
242.6
227,1
207.7
222.11
208.1
J89.8
234.3
219.1
200.1
246.7
231.1
211.4
237,4
222,0
202.7
250.5
234.n
214.11
3,464
3,211
2,959
2,957
2,732
2,510
3,274
3,619
3,353
3.088
3,389
3,133
2.879
3,751
3,474
3,199
18WF 00
18WF 65
18WF 60
107.8
98.2
89.0
6.1
0.1
0.1
164.2
150.9
137,7
174.2
]60.2
146.5
185.0
170.5
156.1
ion.s
2,78G
153.2
139.8
177.2
163.J
149,1
188.8
174.2
159.6
179.9
165.7
151.5
192.3
177.4
162.7
2,300
2,100
1,903
1,723
2,507
2,349
2,133
1,937
2,B4
1,953
1,764
1,592
2,401
2,190
1,983
1,795
2,68u
2,..156
2,230
2,027
2,486
2,268
2,053
1,85Y
2,789
2,551
2,31G
2,107
16WF
16WF
16WF
16WF
50
45
40
36
80,7
72.4
64.4
56.3
5.6
5.6
5.5
5.3
128.3
116,2
J04.2
93.6
137.4
124.0
112.1
10l.0
147.4
134;2
120,9
109.5
130.5
lI8.1
JOO.O
95.3
140.2
127.3
114,5
103.4
151.1
137.5
112.6
IU21
142.7
129,6
110.8
JOS.n
154.3
140,6
127.2
115.6
1,401
1,253
1,597
1,435
1,281
1, HI
1,4u5
1,311
1,677
1,510
1,522
1,303
1,751
1,579
H WF 34
14 WF 30
48.5
4l.8
'.9
82,9
73.5
90.5
80.f)
99.2
88.7
84.7
75.2
93.0
82.0
102,5
92.0
95,3
85.2
s.oes
J05.6
95.2
I
From "Composite Construction In Steel and Concrete" by Viest,

fountain & Singleton. Copyright 1958. McGraw-Hili Book Company. Used by permission.
From "Composite Construction in Steel and Concrete" by Viest,

Fountain & Singleton. Copyright 1958. McGraw-Hili Book Company. Used
by permission.
4.9-4
Girder-Related Design
where:
TABLE 4-Useful Capacity, Q,

of One Stud Connector, Ibs. (hid > 4.2)
MDe
C me = M
L
C ml
Stud dia.,
d, in.
MD.
ML
C. =
~:
Cv =
~:
%
%
3,000
3,500
4,000
6,500
9,300
12,600
7,100
10,200
13,800
7,600
11.000
15.000
8,200
11,700
16,000
Note: A factor of safety must be applied to the above useful capacity, Q, to arrive at the working value, q.
TABLE 5-Useful Capacity, Q,

Per Turn of Spiral Connector
where:
MDe
CONCRETE STRENGTH, f', psi

2,500
MD.
max. moment caused by dead loads acting on

composite section
Spiral wire
die, in.
liz
%
max. moment caused by dead loads acting on

steel beam alone
max. moment caused by live load
section modulus of composite beam for extreme tension fibers
S.
section modulus of steel beam for extreme

tension fibers
TABLE 3-Coefficient mile for Horizontal Shear

Modular ratio n
10,
b =
effective slob width,
t =
slob thickness
%
%
psi.
2500
3000
3500
4000
13,580
16,970
20,360
23,760
14,210
17,760
21,310
24,870
14,770
18,460
22,150
25,840
15,270
19,000
22,900
26,720
Note: A factor of safety must be applied to the above useful capacity, Q, to arrive at the working value, q.
VD
vertical shear caused by dead load acting on

composite section
VL = vertical shear caused by live load
spacing of sheer connectors
Is;,;I
(8)
Coefhcrr-n t ~ of t-orunoaito beltl\l, l Zin,
Steel benm
I,
1= Gm.
:"jft
Shape
7 in
I,
&
8ln. t = uin. t
h ." 7 ft
llft
7 In.
Bin.
t = 7 in.
t = 8m.
o 020r,
DOlL',
0220
0.02240
o Ol3n
o 0:l3-t
where:
s = spacing or pitch of shear connectors in the
direction of beam axis, in.
--31) WI" 300

0.0170 o 0183
o OI!l3 o 018-1 f) Ol!~r, o 020.-)
30 W1" 280
o 0170 o 0188 o OBIS 0.0190 o 0201 o 0210
an WF 21>0 o 0183 o oius o o:!o-t O.OHHi o 0208 0.0111;
an WI" 2l."i o 0188 o 0200 o O:.![J!J 0.020:.! 0.0213 o 022\
30 W1" 230
o 0194 o 0205 o 0211 o 0207 o 0218 o 0221.
o 0212 o 02:2:.! o 02:lO o O:.!:.!-l 0 0:233 0 0210
30 W1" 194
o 0227 o 0234 o 0220 o 02.38 o O:nl
30 WF IS:! o 02}7
36W1"I70 o O:22:l o Ola:! o 0238 o 023-1 o O~-I~ o 02-18
o oer r
o
o
o
o
0218
0222
0227
O:.!~:.!
02-11>
o
o
0248
02.-)\
o O~-17
o 02;:;1
o n~.-):.!
o 02.;7
0 ()2,:;O
o O~i),)
o 02no
o 02:.J8
o 0271
o 0179
O.Ol-1h
o 02;)3
0.02711
o 0283
0.02-18
o 0155
o 0279
o 0281i
o
o
o
o
o 02\HJ
o 030l;
o 0313
0.030n
o 0311
0.0318
0 0309
o 031-1
o 0320
o 0313
o 03.18
0.0325
0.031:')
o 0320
o 032;')
o 03-10
o 034.'"1
0 03-11
o 03-18
o 03-11>
o O;l.-)2
o 03-17
o 03,;2
0 0352
o 0357
0 0351;
0.0371
0.0381
0.0390
0.0307
0.0370
0.0381
0.03!!2
o 031;9
o (J37i
o 0:183
o 03~1O
o
o
o
o
0.037b
0 038,;
o 0392
O.O:Hl!l
0 0370
0 038-1
0 03llD
0.039,)
o 0383
o 0391
0,0397
o 0-103
o
o
o
o
0.0430
O.O-Hl
O.O-HG
0.0435
o OHO
0.04..Hi
o O-l:i2
o 0-13,-)
0.O-l3H
o 0-1-1.;
0.0-1;)0
0.0-157
00-1-11
O.O-l-lh
0.0-151
o 0135
0 0-138
00-1-12
0.04-17
o OH9
0.0-153
o O-l3b
o 043U
o 0-111
18 WF GO o 0507
18WF 55 o 051-1
18 WF 50 o 0519
0.0501
o 0::;05
o 0500
o O-l8il
o OI!1:!
o O-l!l:;
0.0514
o 0[,20
o 0.",1.;
0.0503
0.0508
o 0510
o 0-190
0 0-193
0 0-1\1-1
0 050,)
o OS09
o 0511
o 0-18\1
o O-l\Jl
O.O-l!U
io WI' 50
jliW,F '5
lG WF '0
ic WI' 3G
o 05tJtJ
0.0570
0.0575
0.0583
0.0550
o 0,,;)-1
o 0551\
o 051;1
0.0,:;31
o 0532
o 0.'",32
o 0:",3,)
o 05li8
o 0:;73
o 0578
o 0.~83
o 0552
o 055~
o 05.,-1
o OMifl
o
o
o
o
0530
0528
0527
0510
0.0551
o 0550
0.0550
o 05:;0
14 WF 3'
n w 30
o Otl35
o OIi41
o On05
o 01i07
0.0571
o 05li5
o 05flO
o 0553
0.0591
o 0587
3U WI" IUO
3fiWF 150
o 0227
0,0233
o 02:n
0.0241
0.02-13
o 02-18
o 02:l\J
o 01J~
33 WF 220
33 w r 200
33 WF 141
33 WF 130
o 0213
0.0112
o 02.')3
o 021\1
0.0225
0.0233
0.0101
0.020\1
001:3-1
o 02-12
o 01fl7
o 0273
0.0:217
0.0235
0.0201
o 0272
30W1"124
30WFlHi
30 WF 108
0.0288
o 02g5
0.0303
O. 02~G
0.0302
0.030!)
o 0301
o 030l;
o 0313
27 WI' 102
27 WI,
O.
0.0331
o 0338
0.0337
o 0343
2-1 WI' 100
o.oaui
:l-l \\'1"
2-1 WF 8'
24 WF 7"
21 WF 73
21 WF 08
21 WV H:l
g.
CONCRETE STRENGTH, f'"
0372
0382
0391
0399
O.OlW
o 0(i34
o 05\J!J
o 0li31i I 0.0.:;%
I
I
From "Composite Construction in Steel
and Concrete
If
o O:l;\.)
o 02.')9
o 0:.!O3
number of shear connectors at one transverse

beam cross-section
capacity of one connector, lbs
Vh
horizontal shear to be transferred, lbs
02,;,)
0:W2
The spacing of shear connectors should not exceed
0283
0189
o 03;)1
0381
0388
0393
0398
0.051,'j
0 O.'):!:.I
o 0519
o 0517
o 05-15
o 0541
by Viest,
Fountain & Singleton. Copyright 1958. McGraw-Hili Book Com-
pany. Used by permission.
24".
3. DESIGN OF CONNECTING WELDS
Welds joining shear connectors to beams should be
designed to the allowable fatigue force (f w ) , for the
range (K) of shear stress and the working load (q)
of the connector. See Table 7.
where:
min. shear (V)
K = max. shear (V)
leg size of fillet weld, in.
allowable force on fillet weld, lbs/lin, in.
Beam-to-Column Connections
supporting column by means of a connection on the
web, or 2) directly down to a supporting seat.
The web connection must have sufficient vertical
weld length so as not to overstress the beam web in
shear. The seat connection must have sufficient horizontal length so as not to overstress the beam web in
compression or bearing.
In Figure 9, the vertical reaction of the beam is
carried by a weld connecting the beam web to an
attaching plate. This plate, which was shop welded to
the column, is used also for the erection bolts. This
method of shear transfer not only requires a field weld,
but the weld must be made in the vertical position at
lower speeds.
.
V
FIGURE 9
In Figure 10, the beam fits close enough for its

web to be fillet welded on both sides directly to the
column. The length of these welds is determined by the
JV
5.1-9
N+K4
)
FIGURE 11
the beam during erection, a place for the erection bolts

through the bottom flange, and a means to carry the
shear reaction. This bracket should not extend out too
far, or it will interfere with any fireproofing or wall
construction. The web of the beam sometimes is reinforced with an additional plate on the end to give it
the necessary thickness for this reduced bearing length.
If some vertical welding in the field is still required,
consider having one or more welding operators do this
and other operators do the flat welding with the higher
currents. This eliminates changing welding current and
electrode size for the various positions of welding.
El'ecfion Ease
[he connection must allow rapid erection and fitting

in place of the beam. It must provide temporary support
for the dead load and some horizontal stability until the
connection can be completed by welding.
If erection bolts are used, holes must be punched
or drilled in the member. For beams and columns with
thick flanges which exceed the capacity of the punch,
these holes must be drilled; this is costly. It might be
well to place these holes in the thinner web of the beam.
Where possible, use small attaching plates which
may be punched while separate and then shop welded
to the beam or column. This eliminates any need to
move heavy members into another area for punching
or drilling.
FIGURE 10
shear reaction to be transferred. This method of transfer

also requires a field weld in the vertical position at
lower welding speeds.
Vertical welding in the field increases the cost of
the joint and should be eliminated if possible.
In Figure 11, the stiffened seat bracket has sufficient
welding to transfer the shear reaction back into the
column. This welding on the column is done in the
shop in the flat position for the fastest welding speeds.
It eliminates any out-of-position, more costly, welding
in the field. The seat bracket serves as a support for
FIGURE 12
Flexible Seat Angles

TABLE l-Values of Rib
For A36 Steel
To solve directly for (t), the formula #9 may be

put into the following form:
1 t
lf4 A2
+A
%) -
(ef -
1/2
5.2-5
R
b
A I .. ( 10 )
R
b -
Reaction, kips
Widlh of seol, inches
4Y3
er -
I'
I -
where:
A7 or A373 Steel
R
4.0 b"
A36 Steel
R
4% b
A --
..... (ll)
Knowing the values of A and ef, the thickness of

the seat angle ( t) may be found from the above
formula.
Nomograph No.2 (Fig. 5) for A36 steel makes use
of formula #9 and will give values of seat angle
thickness (t). The width of the seat angle (b) is known
since it is usually made to extend at least W' on each
side of the beam flange. A line is drawn from this
value of (b) through the value of (R) to the vertical
axis A-A. The required thickness of the angle (t) is
found at the intersection of a horizontal line through
A-A and a vertical line through the given value of
(ef)' In case these lines intersect between two values
of angle thickness, the larger value is used as the
answer.
Table 1 will give values of Rib in terms of seat
angle thickness (t) and eccentricity (ef)' Table 1 is
for A36 steel.
Step 3: Determine the horizontal length of the
seat angle leg (L h ) . This must be sufficient to permit
easy erection and provide ample distance for the connecting welds and erection bolts on the bottom flange
of the beam.
'This minimum length is:
IL
= a
+N I
(12)
1.0
2.44
1.1
1.74
1.2
1.35
1.3
1.10
1.4
THICKNESS OF SEAT ANGLE (I)
%"
.937
J<l'
4.41
8.66
21.9
2.88
4.81
8.44
2.13
3.34
5.21
1.70
2.54
3.78
5.63
1.41
2.07
2.97
4.23
.812
1.20
1.73
2.44
3.39
6.50
1.05
1.49
2.07
2.82
5.14
1.7
.631
.934
1.31
1.80
2.42
4.24
7.37
.579
.840
1.17
1.59
2.11
3.62
6.04
1.9
.530
.763
1.05
1.42
1.88
3.14
5.10
8.26
2.0
.487
.697
1.29
1.69
2.78
4.44
6.93
.964
Seat Angle
r 1
1
.451
.644
.883
1.17
1.54
2.50
3.90
5.98
9.15
.420
.596
.818
1.08
1.41
2.28
3.47
5.26
7.83
1.01
2.3
.393
.557
.761
1.30
2.08
3.16
4.68
6.85
2.4
.369
.521
.710
.936
1.21
1.92
2.88
4.22
6.09
2.5
.349
.490
.666
.877
1.13
1.78
2.65
3.85
5.47
2.6
.329
.463
.628
.824
1.06
1.66
2.46
3.53
4.98
2.7
.312
.438
.593
.777
.996
1.55
2.30
3.27
4.57
2.8
.297
.416
.562
.736
.940
1.45
2.14
3.04
4.21
2.9
.284
.396
.536
.698
.891
1.37
2.02
2.84
3.91
3.0
.271
.379
.510
.663
.845
1.30
1.89
2.66
3.66
3.1
.486
.631
.806
1.23
1.80
2.52
3.42
3.2
.466
.604
.769
1.17
1.70
2.37
3.23
3.3
.446
.579
.736
1.12
1.62
2.25
3.04
3.4
.428
.555
.705
1.07
1.55
2.14
2.88
3.5
.412
.533
.677
1.03
1.47
2.05
2.74
3.6
.650
.986
1.41
1.95
2.61
3.7
.628
.947
1.35
1.86
2.49
3.8
.604
.912
1.30
1.79
2.38
3.9
.584
.878
1,26
1.71
2.29
1.65
2.19
.564
.848
1.20
angle's vertical leg, being assumed equal.
Lv
NA
horizontal force on weld

Moment (each weld)
Assume Neutral AXIS

IS
FIGURE 6
2/3L Dawn Fram

Tap
10.96
2.2
10.20
2.1
4.0
TJ
IVa"
9.48
1.8
Hook W.ld Around
1"
7.86
.717
'l'a"
8.45
1.6
,. "
%"
1.5
Step 4: Determine the vertical length (Lv) of the

connecting fillet weld, for a given leg size of weld (w).
This will determine the required length of the seat
%"
Ih"
"Kl'
also:
= 2R
(er)
=P
(2f.J L,)
5.2-10
Welded-Connection Design
weld, would select the 8" x 6" x 1" angle (b). He knows
that the cross-sectional area of a fillet weld, and therefore its weight, varies as the square of the leg size. He
figures the ratio of the leg sizes for (a) and for (b)
to be 8 to 5. This ratio squared produces 64 to 25, or
as far as he is concerned 2Ih times the amount of weld
metal.
Alternate Method Using Tables

From Table 1, R/b = 30/8 = 3.75. Using et
would give this value if t = 1". (Here R/b
From Table 2, using

a) If L, = 6", R/w
or leg size of fillet weld,
tlt
= 2,4"
65.2
30 _ . 460" or use lh"

w -- 65.2
b) If r.,
8", R/w
or leg size of fillet weld,
2,4"
= 4.22)
30
107.0
= 107.0
.280 or use
%6"
6. STANDARD SEAT ANGLE CONNECTIONS

(From American Institute of Steel Construction)
SEATED BEAM CONNECTIONS

Welded-E60XX &E70XX electrodes
TABLE VIII
4' (min.)[
Top en"e,
\4' mln.thk.
-;.'~::I:::~~7.:':~'oe.)
set by AISC Specification, Sectiona 1.17.4 and 1.17.5, increaae the wuId size
or material thickness as required.
No reduction of the tabulated weld capacities is required when unotifl'ened Beala line up on oppoeite sides of a oupporting web.
If the reaction values of a beam are not abown on contract drawinp, the
connectiona ohall be selected to oupport half the total uniform load capacity
abown in the tabl... for Allowable Loads on Beams for the given ahape, opan
and oteel opecificotion of the beam in question. '!be efI'ect of concentrated
loads .-.. an end connection ohaIl also be 00IllIidared.
~4" (optimum)
lh"nomln81-
TABLE VIIIA Outstanding Leg Capacity, kips (based on OSL
ii!:~=J~---r ~":~I~,:~~urn
setbllck
Angle thlekneas
(Teble VIIIA)
Angle lenlllh
(Teble VIII;A)
r-----" I
Weld lenlllh
~ro-_-oI~TebleVIIIB)
Seated connections are to be used only when the beam is supported by a

top angle placed as abown above. or in the optional location as indicated.
Welds attaching beams to eeat or top angles may be replaced by bolla
or rivela, providing the limitationaon the use of Aln'M A307 bolla. stipulated
in AISC Spocification, Sect. 1.15.12, are observed.
In addition to the welds shown, temporary erection bolts may be used
to attach beams to eeats (optional).
Nominal beam setbock is )1'. Allowable loads in Tobie Vlll-A are
booed on ~' oetbock, which provides for ~ible mill undemm in beam
length.
Allowable loads in Table Vill-A are booed on ASTM A36 material in

both beam and seat angle. These veluee will be conservative when used
with beams, or ...t angles of Aln'M A242 or A441 material.
Weld copocities in Table VIII-B for E60XX and E70XX are applicable
wben supporting steel io Aln'M A36, A242 or A441. When supporting steel
is ASTM A7 or A373, UBe capocities shown for E60XX, regardless of the
electrode used.
Should combinationo of material thicknees and weld oize selected from
Tobl .. VllI-A and VllI-B. or ohown in the oketch above, 6.-1 the limits
~ 3~
or 4 inches)
A:::~:~:'~,I ~211:'0 EC:~611:'411:'41 1~311~:~4

n:r
Beom
I ~~~kn...
I
I
\4
9.0
~,11.3
~ 12.4
II, 13.4
~
14.3
~,
15.2
12.4
15.9
19.3
21.1
22.8
24.4
1
:'2
15.8 19.1 22.5 25.3 10.1
19.8 23.7 27.6 31:6113.1
24.3 28.7 33.2 11IT 114.3
28.8 1 33.7 38.7 43.6 15.5
31.6 39.2144.6 SO.O 16.5
34.0 i 43.8 51.0 56.9 17.5
1
13.8 17.6
17.4 21.7
21.5126.3
23.8 30.9
25.7 35.1
27.5 37.8
Ii411
1
11:'4
25.0 25.3
26.0130.4 34.0 I
31.2 36.0 40.9
36.3 41.7 :!.
41.8 47.7 53,~ I
47.8 54.1 60.5 I
Hole: Velu.s above he.vy lin apply only for 4 Inch out'landlna lep.
TABLE VIIIB
I
Weld Capacity, kips
E60XX Electrod..
E70XX Electrode.
--:J
Weld
Se.t enKl. SI.r8
s..t en". abe
Weld
Size
(IonS I vertical)
(Ion8 Ie. vertk:8l)
Size
__ ~~ ~~I~i!~I~I~4X~-1~31f11~~I!.2<~!.2---~
\4
7.4
11.1 114.1 18.4 23.0 27.8 8.6
13.0 1'16.4 21.51 26.8 32.5 \4
~.
In
19
I}U
~~:~
~U
I
:u
l~:g
11;:~
~U ~g ~:~ ::~ ~.
II.
13.0 19.5 24.7 32.2 40.3148.7 15.1 22.7 28.8 37.6147.0 56.8" II.
~
iii
14.8
...
22.2 28.2 36.8 46.0 55.7

27.8 135.2 46.0 57.5 69.6
17.3 25.9
... ,32.4
32.9 43.0 53.7 64.91 ~

41.1 53.7 67.1, ...
iii
Range of available seat ang1e thicknesses
Min.
Mall'.
Stiffened Seat Brackets
5.3-7
5. STANDARD SEAT BRACKET CONNECTIONS
(From American Institute of Steel Construction)
STIFFENED SEATED BEAM CONNECTIONS

Welded-E60XX or E70XX electrodes
TABU x
Baaed on ASTM A36 bracket material. !!!in.i!IIwu~..J>Iak.thickneaa..l.

ahall-;'ot beJe;;th~i.he8upported beam web thickn... for ASTM A7, A373 and
A36 beams, and not 1... than 1.4 times the beam web thickn... for ASTM A242 and
A441 beama. Baaed on ASTM A242 or A441 bracket material. I ahall not be I...
than the beam web thickn.... regardl... of beam material. Minimum .tiffener
plate thickn , I, ahall be at leaat 1.33 times the required weld size.
Thickn
I, of the horizontal _ t plate. or flange of tee. shall not be I... than
the thickn
of the stiffener.
If seat and stiffener are separate plates, fit stiffener to bear against seat.
Welda connecting the two plates ahall have a strength equal to or greater than u.s
horizontal welda to the aupport under the aeat plate.
Welda attaching beam to aeat may be replaced by bolta or rivets, providing the
limitationa on the use of ASTM A307 bolts, stipulated in AISC Specification. Sect.
1.15.12, are observed.
For stiffened seats in line on opposite sides of a column web. select a weld
size no greater than % of the column web thickness.
Should combinationa of material thickn... and weld size aelected from Table
X. or ahown in the sketch above. exceed the limita aet by AISC Specification. Sect.
1.17.4 and 1.17.5. increase the weld size or material thickn... aa required.
In addition to the welda shown. temporary erection bolta may be used to attach beama to aeata (optional).
Seated connectiona are to be used only when the beam ia aupported by a top
angle placed as sketched above, or in the optional location, 88 indicated..
Top angle. 1f4" min. thk,
:::J/ Optionallocation,top angle

h--f (weldtoes)
%"nominal
selbaCk~
'I. "2Im,n.)
r-t y2'
'j t ~"'~. ""'"
--,
-.IN
I--'-'---
~(OPtimUm)
V
Stiffeners
fitt.ed to bear>
r+-
Optional~
trim lines
I'
weld size (min.)
-Jlt
Allowable leeds in Table X are based on the use of E60XX electrodes. For
E70XX electrodes. multiply tabular loada by 1.16. or enter the table with 86%
of the given reaction. Note: Advantage may be taken of the higher allowable unit
etreee of E70XX electrodes only if both bracket and aupporting members are
ASTM A36. A242 or A441 material.
If the reaction values of a beam are not shown on contract drawings, the connectiona shall be aelected to aupport half the total uniform load capacity tabulated
in the beam load tables for the given shape, apan and steel apecificatfon of the beam
in question. The effect of concentrated. loads near an end connection shall also be
conaidered.
Width of Seat. W, Inch
-----::-----
In.
Weld Size, Inches
____ ~_.
6
7
8
9
14.7
19.4
24.4
29.8
W
11
12
13
14
15
VUi
18.4
24.2
30.6
37.3
21.2
28.3
36.1
44.5
41.3
47.3
51.61
59.1
66.7
74.4
82.2
61.9
70.9
80.0
89.3
98.6
Weld Size, Inches
Weld Siza. Inches
o/:6_~_'__ I~~~I~
22.0
29.0
36.7
44.7
Width of Seat. W. Inches

t
25.7
33.9
42.8
52.2
15.2
20.2
25.8
31.8
18.2
24.2
30.9
38.1
~I~
72.2
82.7
93.4
104.
115.
44.9
51.9
59.0
66.4
73.9
53.8
62.2
70.8
79.7
88.6
62.8
72.6
82.6
93.0
103.
~~I~I~I_~
24.2
120.7
32.3
41.2 I 22.2
26.6
50.8
27.5
33.0
~I~
71.8! 39.4
83.0' 45.8
94.4
52.5
106.
59.4
118.
66.5
47.2
55.0
63.0
71.3
79.8
24.2
31.0
38.5
55.1
64.1
73.5
83.2
93.1
20.6
27.6
35.4
44.0
63.0
73.3
84.0
95.0
106.
I~.
W.'d
rr ~:9
12
13
s,:..
'nch..
W.'d
Si'~.
Inch..
Weld SIZ:, Inche.
4~.91 ~~9 5~.81~1~ ~I 6~.5 ~~~I~
40.8
49.0
57.1
65.3
"15
~
~
~
~
60.1
72.1
84.1
96.2
16
17
18
19
20
67.0
74.0
81.2
88.5
95.9
80.3
88.8
97.4
106.
115.
93.7
104.
114.
124.
134.
107.
118.
130.
142.
153.
58.6
73.3
54.6
65.5
87.4
109.
61.1
67.7
74.6
81.6
88.7
73.3
81.2
89.5
97.9
106.
97.7
108.
119.
130.
142.
122.
135.
149.
163.
177.
79.8
74.6
82.4
75.4 I 90.4
82.2 I 98.6
I 89.5
99.5
110.
121.
131.
99.8
112.
124.
137.
151.
164.
16
17
18
19
20
90.0 108.
97.8 117.
106.
m.
113. , 136.
121.
146.
126.
137.
148.
159.
170.
81.5
89.2
96.9
105.
112.
21
22
23
24
25
129.
137.
145.
152.
160.
155.
164.
174.
183.
192.
181.
192.
203.
224.
120.
128.
136.
144.
152.
26
27
168.
176.
235.
202.
211. 1 246.
159.
167.
107.
116.
126.
135.
114.
125.
136.
147.
157.
130.
143.
155.
167.
180.
73.8
81.2
88.7
96.2
104.
144.
154
163..
173.
182.
168.
179.
190.
201.
212.
192.
205.
218.
230.
243.
191.
201.
223.
234.
255.
268.
lSI.
158.
~7.7
103.
114.
124.
135.
145.
118.
130.
142.
154.
166.
21
22
23
24
25
103.
111.
119.
126.
134.
124.
133.
142.
152.
161.
145.
155.
166.
177.
188.
165.
178.
190.
202.
214.
95.9
103.
111.
118.
126.
115.
124.
133.
142.
lSI.
153.
165.
177.
189.
201.
112.
134.
119. I 143.
127.
153.
162.
1l5.
143.
171.
156.
167.
178.
189.
200.
179.
191.
203.
216.
228.
26
27
28
29
30
142.
150.
157.
165.
173.
170.
180.
189.
198.
208.
199.
209.
220.
231.
242.
227.
239.
252.
264.
277.
133.
141.
149.
157.
164.
160.
169.
179.
188.
197.
213.
226.
238.
250.
263
181.
190.
211.
222.
241.
254.
31
32
181.
189.
217
227..
253.
289.
264. 1 302.
172.
180.
207.
216.
88.5
97.4
106.
115.
125.
Note 1: Loads shown above apply to welds rT'Iede with E60XX electrodes. Few E70XX electrodes,
multlply tebular loads by 1.16, or enter the 'eble with 86'A) of the IIlyen re.ction. Increased
yalues are applicable only when E70XX electrodes ara used with A,STM A,36. "242 or A,441
m.terlal.
.
275.
288.
192
207..
221.
236.
252.
89.1
96.2
103.
111.
118.
267.
125.
WI133.
141.
298.
313.
329.
148.
156.
344. 1164.
360.
171.
142.
143.
154.
165.
177.
189.
178.
192.
207.
221.
236.
151.
160.
169.
178.
187.
201.
213.
225.
237.
249.
251.
266.
281.
296.
312.
196.
262.
274.
327.
343.
107.
115.
124.
133.
206.
Note 1: Loads shown above apply to welds mad. With E6QXX el.ctrod... Few E70XX electrode.,
multiply tabular loads by 1.16, ew en~er the table with 86'A) of the &lven reectlon. Incnla.ed
y.h.... are appUcable only when E70XX electrodes are u.ed wtth A,STM AJ6. 11.242 or A,441
matertal.
5.4-8
TABLE 4--Standard Web Framing Angle Connections

From American Institute of Steel Construction
FRAMED BEAM CONNECTIONS

Welded-E60XX electrodes
weldBAIrhl
W"dA~
TABLE V
Capacity
Kips
195
156
-sue
'0.
~/16
'A
117
0/"
182
146
109
0/"
o/Hi
'A
169
0/16
135
'A
%6
101
156
125
93.8
0/"
143
115
86.1
5/16
131
'A
0/"
210
175
140
r stze
'0.
%,
'A
195
162
130
~/Hi
179
149
120
S/16
164
136
109
!lf16
'A
%
'A
%
'A
'h
148
124
98.8
5/16
133
'A
110
88.4
5/16
0/"
118
94.2
70.7
0/"
0/16
'A
105
84.0
63.0
0/"
92.2
73.8
55.3
0/"
0/16
'A
0/16
'A
0/16
'A
0/"
67.1
53.7
40.3
:V16
54.9
43.9
32.9
0/"
48.9
39.1
29.3
0/"
43.0
34.4
25.8
Kips
'A
h,
104
78.4
79.6
63.6
47.7
"Capacity
0/16
%
5/ 16
'A
5/H;
'A
1'i6
'A
y"
37.3
29.8
22,4
0/"
31.7
0/16
25.3
19.0
'A
h,
26.3
21.0
15.8
0/16
21.1
16.9
12.7
5/16
0/16
'A
'A
0/16
'A
0/"
117
97.4
77.9
5/16
'A
%
%
0/115
'A
101
84.4
67.5
0/115
95.5
79.6
63.6
Silt;
79.8
66.5
53.2
0/16
64.2
53.5
42.8
0/1(;
48.9
40.8
32.6
'A
%
'A
%
%
%
%
%
0/"
%
41.5
34.6
27.6
0/16
34.3
28.6
22.8
0/16
27.4
22.9
18.3
'A
%
'A
%
!l/16
'A
'Is
21.0
17.5
14.0
~'16
15.1
12.6
10.1
0/16
10.0
8.4
6.7
TABLE VI
Weld A,'
Weld B
Weld A
FRAMED BEAM CONNECTIONS

Welded-E70XX electrodes
nr:r~@r
L
We'd B>,' /UU
,
\, J
'A
%
'A
%
5/16
'A
'0.
Angle Size
(ASTM
A36)
l/1'Minimum Web Thickness

for Welds A
Weld
Weld B
A36
A242 and A441
Capacity
Kips
F,.~14.5
F,=18.5
F,=20.0
.41
.30
.24
.18
227
182
136
"Stze
'0.
32
32
32
4X3X 7/ 16
4X3X%
4X3X%6
.33
.25
.32
.26
.19
30
30
30
4x3X'l'16
4X3X%
4x3xYl6
.41
.33
.25
.32
.26
.19
.30
.24
.18
212
170
127
28
28
28
4x3x%
4x3x1'i6
4x3x?ll6
.41
.33
.25
.32
.26
.19
.30
.24
.18
197
158
118
5/]6
26
26
26
.41
.33
.25
.32
.26
.19
.30
.24
.18
182
146
109
5/16
4X3XS
4x3xo/i6
5/16
4X3x?!16
5/10
'A
%6
VI6
'A
:>;16
'A
3/16
'A
3/16
24
24
24
4x3x?ll6
4X3XS
4X3Xo/l6
.41
.33
.25
.32
.26
.19
.30
.24
.18
167
134
100
22
22
22
4x3X'l'16
4X3X%
4x3X'YHi
.41
.33
.25
.32
.26
.19
.30
.24
.18
152
122
91.4
5/lti
20
20
20
4x3x'l'16
4X3X%
4X3X'Y16
.41
.33
.25
.32
.26
.19
.30
.24
.18
137
5/16
110
82.4
'/16
18
18
18
4X3x 7/ 16
4X3X%
.41
.33
.25
.32
.26
.19
.30
.24
.18
122
98.0
73.5
5/16
4X3XO/16
16
16
16
.41
.33
.25
.32
.26
.19
.30
.24
.18
108
86.1
64.6
5/16
3X3Xo/16
3X3X'l'16
3X3X%
3x3x 7/ 16
'A
:>;16
'A
3/16
'A
'A
:'/16
'A
/16
14
14
14
3x3x%
3x3Xo/Hi
.41
.33
.25
.32
.26
.19
.3Q
.24
.18
92.9
74.3
55.7
12
12
12
3X3x 7/ 16
3X3X%
3X3Xo/Hi
.41
.33
.25
.32
.26
.19
.30
.24
.18
78.3
62.6
47.0
Vlo
10
10
10
3X3x'iib
3X3X%
3X3xo/16
.41
.33
.25
.32
.26
.19
.30
.24
.18
64.0
51.2
38.4
0/16
9
9
9
3X3X'l'16
3X3X%
3X3X'Y16
.41
.33
.25
.32
.26
.19
.30
.24
.18
57.1
45.6
34.2
8
8
8
3x3X'l'Hi
3x3xa
3X3xo/I6
.41
.33
.25
.32
.26
.19
.30
.24
.18
50.2
40.1
30.1
%,
'A
7
7
7
3X3X~'i6
.41
.33
.25
.32
.26
.19
.30
.24
.18
43.5
34.8
26.1
5/16
3X3X%
6
6
6
.41
.33
.25
.32
.26
.19
.30
.24
.18
37.0
29.6
22.2
5/16
3X3X%
5
5
5
3X3X'l'16
3x3Xa
3x3x 5/ 16
.41
.33
.25
.32
.26
.19
.30
.24
.18
30.7
24.5
18.4
4
4
4
3X3X 1/ 16
3X3X%
3X3xo/I6
.41
.33
.25
.32
.26
.19
.30
.24
.18
24.6
19.7
14.8
3X3Xo/I6
3x3X'l'16
3x3xo/16
~/1I5
'A
:>;16
'Capacity
Kips
'0.
"Minimum Web l tuckness

for Welds A
A36
A242 and A441
F.=14.5
F,~18.5
F,=20.0
32
32
32
4X3X'l'16
4X3X%
4X3Xo/16
.48
.39
.29
.38
.30
.23
.35
.28
.21
30
30
30
4x3X'l'16
4X3Xa
4X3X 5/ 16
.48
.39
.29
.38
.30
.23
.35
.28
.21
%
0/16
28
28
28
4x3x 11 16
4x3xa
4x3X 5/ 16
.48
.39
.29
.38
.30
.23
.35
.28
.21
26
26
26
4X3x'l'16
4x3x%
4x3X 5/ 16
.48
.39
.29
.38
.30
.23
.35
.28
.21
24
24
24
4x3x 1/ 16
4x3xa
4x3x 5/ 16
.48
.39
.29
.38
.30
.23
.35
.28
.21
22
22
22
4X3X 1/]6
4x3x%
4X3x 5/Hi
.48
.39
.29
.38
.30
.23
.35
.28
.21
20
20
20
4X3X 1/ 16
4x3x%
4X3x 5/ 16
.48
.39
.29
.38
.30
.23
.35
.28
.21
18
18
18
4X3X 1116
4x3x%
4X3x"'llti
.48
.39
.29
.38
.30
.23
.35
.28
.21
16
16
16
3x3x 7/ 16
3X3X%
3x3x'V16
.48
.39
.29
.38
.30
.23
.35
.28
.21
14
14
14
3x3x 7/ 16
3X3X%
3X3X 5/ 16
.48
.39
.29
.38
.30
.23
.35
.28
.21
12
12
12
3X3X 11 16
3X3x%
3X3XVI6
.48
.39
.29
.38
.30
.23
.35
.28
.21
10
10
10
3x3X'l'16
3x3x%
3X3X'V16
.48
.39
.29
.38
.30
.23
.35
.28
.21
9
9
9
3x3x 7/ 16
3X3X%
3X3xV16
.48
.39
.29
.38
.30
.23
.35
.28
.21
8
8
8
3x3x 7/ 16
3x3x%
3x3x 5/ 16
.48
.39
.29
.38
.30
.23
.35
.28
.21
7
7
7
3x3x'l'16
3x3x J/a
3x3x 5/ 16
.48
.39
.29
.38
.30
.23
.35
.28
.21
6
6
6
3x3x 7/16
3X3x%
3x3x 5/ 16
.48
.39
.29
.38
.30
.23
.35
.28
.21
5
5
5
3X3X~/115
3x3xYa
3x3X 5/16
.48
.39
.29
.38
.30
.23
.35
.28
.21
4
4
4
3X3x 7/ 16
3X3X%
3x3X116
.48
.39
.29
.38
.30
.23
.35
.28
.21
245
204
163
227
189
151
209
174
139
191
159
127
0/10
173
144
115
V16
155
129
103
5/10
136
114
90.9
5/10
5/16
'A
5/16
'A
'A
'Is
'A
%
'A
%
'A
118
98.4
Sjlo
78.7
'A
III
'0.
"Sue
Angle Size
(ASTM
A36)
92.9
74.3
5/16
93.1
77.6
62.1
'A
5/16
'A
I
UWhen a beam web IS less than the rn.ntmom. mulfiply the connection capacity furnished by
welds A by the rauc of the actual ttucknes s to the tabulated minimum ttnckne s s. Thus, It
~/Ifi~ weld A, wtth a connection capacity of 54.9 kips and a 10" long angle, is being considered
for a beam 01 web thickness .270", ASTM Al6, the connection capacity must be multiplied
by .270/.41, giving 36.l kips.
~When beam material is ASTM A7 or AlB. wllh F r .. 13.0 ksi, minimum web Ihicknessesto develop
~/lfi", '/4 and 1/,6 welds A are 46", .37" and .28" respectively.
(Should the thickness 01 material to whrch connection angles are welded exceed the limits set
bV AISC Specrbcetron. Sect 1.17.4. for weld sizes sp ecrfie d. Increase the weld size as
required. but not to exceed the angle thickness.
'/For welds on outstanding legs, connection capacity may be limited by the shear capacity of the
See exarnntes (d)
supporting member as stipulated by AISC Specttrcauon, Sect. 1.17.5.
and (e), pages 11126,427.
'A
0/10
'A
'/Io
5/16
'A
116
3/16
'A
3116
'A
3116
5/16
3/]6
5/16
'A
YI6
74.9
62.5
50.0
5/16
57.1
47.6
38.0
0/16
48.4
40.4
32.3
5/16
'A
ji,
'A
'A
40.0
33.4
26.7
5/16
32.0
26.7
21.3
5/16
24.5
20.4
16.3
V16
17.6
14.7
11.8
11.6
9.7
7.8
'A
%
'A
,
'A
%
5/16
'A
%
0/16
'A
I
,
"When a beam web is less than the rnrrurnu ni, multiply the connection capacity furnished by
welds A by t he ratio of the actual ttuc koess (0 the tebutatec minimum thrc s ne ss
Thus. if
~(16" weld A, with a connection capacity0150.2 kips and an 8"long angle, is being con stder e d
for a beam of web thickness lOS". ASrM A36, the conneclton capacity ruu st be multiplied by
.305/.48, grvmg 31.9 kips.
hShould the thickness of material to which connection angles are welded exceed the limits set
by AISC Specilication, Sect 1.17.4. lor weld Slzes apecrt-ed. increase the weld size as
required. but not to exceed the angle thickness.
(For welds on outstanding legs, connection cepecrtv may be urn.te d by the shear capacity of the
See exe mptes (d)
supporting members as stipulated by AISC Specrttcanon. Sect. 1 17.5
and {e). pages 4-26. 427.
Note 1: Capacities shown In ttus table apply only when matena! welded IS ASTM A36, A242 or
A441. Use appropriate capactte s from Table V when beam or supporting rneterterrs ASTM
A7 or A373.
5.12-6
TABLE 1-Allowable End Moments Relative To

Full Plastic Moment of Axially-Loaded Members
Case 3
Case 2
100
M<Mp
P/Py~0.15
when
PIP,
when
M.
Mp
I~ ~
>
0.15
i.is -
B-
(~) ~
AISC formulo
(~)
r.ie
when.!:r
AISC formulo
<
p.
<
.15
1.0
1 0 -- K
(~)
AISC formulo
(~r
60 ond
then
Notes: See Tobles 2-33, 3-33. 2-36 ond 3-36 for volues of B, G. K ond J
TABLE 2-33 (AISC Table 4-33)

FOR 33 K~T SPECU'I EO YIELD POINT STF:I':I.
FOR
33
K~I SPI':CIfo'IEO YIELD POINT ST ..net.
Formula (23)
Mi' ...
Formula (22)
M,: B-G(P)
r.
10
r(P)
P,.
(P)'
P~.
- J
M,
J(
l/r
l/r
---.-
""
16
17
18
19
20
1 140
1,140
1 HI
1 141 ,
I 142
21
22
23
24
25
1 .HZ
1 143
1 143
1 144
1 145
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
i
i
1 146
1. 146
1 147
1 ,148
41
42
43
44
45
1 1.'i5
I
,
,
,
1 .148
1 149
1 150
I 150
1. 151
1 , 152
1 152
1 153
1 154
1 lSi!
1 156
1 I!i7
1 .1.'iR
1. 159
4~
I I;)ft
I lllO
46
49
50
1 I {I!
1 16'2
1 16:1
-----
If
1 172
1 174
1 177
1 ,179
1 182
51
52
53
,,4
55
1
1
1
1
1
184
187
189
191
194
56
57
58
59
60
1
1
1
1
1
196
196
61
62
6:)
64
65
- I"-
1
1
1
1
1
200
203
205
207
6(j
209
67
68
69
70
212
215
217
1 220
1 222
1 225
1 .228
1 231
1 234
1 .237
1 2-tO
1 '21:1
I ~ 17
1 '2:>1
I :!;ll
I '2;-)~
1 :!{l:l
I :!(ji
71
72
73
74
';'.'i
168
169
170
17\
172
1 173
1 174
1 175
1 ,176
1 177
I
!
1
1
1
1
1
178
179
180
161
182
1 Ift~
1 IH~
I IS6
I 167
I 18H
ill
1 1"9
77
I
I
7~
7n
~O
HI
,'-;2
H::
1
I
l!lO
HI!
19~
HH
I 1ft,..
1 \ ~Hi
I 1!l'7
~q
,'-;,-,
I '200
HIS
,- - - G
2
3
. _ . _ ~
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
I r
1 164
1 ,165
1 165
1 166
1 ,167
271
281
2S6
292
86
87
68
69
90
1 ,201
1 202
1 ,204
1 205
1 206
1
1
1
1
1
297
303
310
:lI6
323
91
92
93
94
95
1 ,207
1 209
1 210
1 211
1 213
1
1
1
1
1
330
3:17
;1U
96
97
98
99
100
1 ,214
I 215
1 217
1 ,218
1 .220
276
I 1 .l..f5
36
37
38
39
40
<6
352
360
1 369
1 377
1 386
1 .:lfHj
1 ..f06
101
102
10:.\
104
10:-1
1 ,221
1 2~:!
I :!:!-I
I :!:! .)
1 'J:!.?
i
i
1,616
1.633
1.651
1 669
1.688
i,
I,
I
loH
I -HlO
110
1 2:3:1
1 231
14g
179
111
1.~;)
lI~
i"'J11
11:1
III
;1"11
115
I 1);\9
I ;);,:1
\ fjH~
;I~l
I
I li()U
1Hj
117
lIB
119
120
1
1
I
I
1
:~
19
20
21
22
.-a~
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
3.1~1
' . .10
111
2.1tl
1~7
2;')0
!)'2;')
,590
,604
,619
,633
l rr
K
___
I
753
,736
720
,703
.687
41
42
43
1 015 'I
1,032
1 046 ,
.671
655
640
,624
.609
46
47
48
49
50
594
,579
564
549
.534
51
52
53
54
55
:~ i ~ ~~~
647
661
,675
.689:
703
,519
,504
,490
475
,461
58
!}9
60
,717
.731
,746
760
774
,447
.432
418
,403
389
61
62
63
64
65
!I
56
1.097
1 114
1 131
1 148
1.166
1.
I
I
1
1
,\16
,099S
,0832
I
1
183
201
219
2"7
256
0663
,0492
0318
,0143
- 0036
- 0217
- 0401
- 0588
- ,0777
- ,0970
1. 274
1 293
1 312
1.33'2
1.3,-11
57
J
.149
,133
Ilr
81
82
63
J(
I
!
~~ I :~~g
91
92
--
.738
769
801
::
.~~~
! --
86
87
88
~~
.- j
1.824 I
1 8S0 I
1."77 I
1.958
1 986
2 014 i
,
,900
934
,969
-1.004
-1 041
2 10\
-1
-I
-1
-I
~gi~
93
2 1:)0
2 161
94
95
'2 :U2
077
II;)
15:1
192
- I 231
'2 '2il-t
"2 2,,6
2 :11~
'2 arlo
2. :J.~1
-1 272
- I :n:\
;liJ-t
-1 :ln7
-1 440
2 417
\17
137
157
177
19a
100
96
97
98
99
2 191
-i
1 :171
1 :\91
1 411
1 1:)2
2:'w
2-11
:?fU
:!B6
101
102
103
104
1.1;)'2
:109
IO!)
2 521
'2 556
-1
-I
-I
-1
-1
I -t7:J
1 49,-1
1 ;110
:t12
:;1)6
:lHO
-to I
106
107
c iJ9'2
'2 623
- I 76:;
,129
110
2741
-1 916
.1.'l!}
'J
779
'2 Rl~
'l- Po!)?
2 R97
-2 021
-'2 Ofl7
71
7:,
1 .'iH:l
1 no!)
1f}:2fl
I (j;,~
I (Ii.)
2 11:J7
-2 185
76
77
7S
79
80
1
\
1
1
1.
2.978
:1 020
:1 062
;j 101
3,147
-2 2,'2
- 2 300
-2 358
-2417
- 2 478
2 451
2 4R6
41'l4
1"'129
fJ7.'i
6'2L
663
anft
~47
24
25
211
24:1
:17H
j
i
23
. '275
:2Ll
:!I;i
.506
,520
,534
,546
562
576
16
1 9:!H
1 .9;13
1 979
2.006
03"
061
090
lUI
-t7'1
11
12
13
14
15
1 ~7P
1 903
I :.!:H
-t!17
9
10
1.8:1.-'
1 220S
1 2;10
I
1
1
I
1
1 810
1 832
106
107
lOH
1 2:l(l
1 ~:\7
\ 2:m
1 :!lO
I '212
:I
1 .707
1 .726
1 716
1 767
1 788
1 ~H;
I 42fi
1 4;17
I
434
449
463
478
492
~~
38
39
40
,789
,803
,818
832
,847
374
:iHO
.345
,331
.316
66
67
6R
.862 j
,877
301
287
,272
,257
242
71
7'1.
69
70
'I
I .'):)8
I fino
1O~
109
~ ~~;
- I 71G
:::~~~
I'
I
I
I
I
.~~~
922
,9,17
n,r;;J
968
98<
1 000
Ii
'227
211
HlH
. ISO
.165
-tHI
fi07
,'l:l1
1"'162
111
112
11:1
114
I I.i
(-)99
;,90
116
72\
74l'
77:)
799
6tH
- 647
- ,677
- 707
117
118
1111
120
-I 96A
-2 12:l
Welded Connections for Plastic Design

FOR
36
KSI 5PECIYIEU Y1ELU POINT STEEL
FOR
36
KSI SPECIFIED YIELD POINT STEEL
Formula (23)
~:, ~
I 0 - K
U,) - U,),
J
'Ir~ r~
M.
II'
--.
I II'
II'
285
291
296
303
309
86
87
88
89
90
167
168
170
171
172
1 316
1 323
1 330
1.337
1 345
173
174
175
176
177
,--
--i
I
I
ii,
Ur
2
3
4
5
41
42
43
44
45
I
I
1
1
I
036
053
070
087
105
137
121
104
0867
0692
81
82
83
84
85
1
1
I
1
2
904
932
961
990
020
799
822
846
870
895
6
7
8
9
10
508
523
537
552
566
670
654
638
622
607
46
47
48
49
50
1
1
1
I
1
122
140
158
176
195
0516
0336
0154
0031
0219
86
87
88
89
90
2
2
2
2
2
050
080
111
142
174 I
1 921
591
576
561
546
531
51
52
5:J
54
55
1
1
1
1
I
213
232
251
271
290
0411
0605
0803
100
121
91
92
93
94
95
2
2
2
2
2
206
239
272
:106
340
1 310
1 330
142
163
185
207
229
96
97
98
99
100
2 375 I
2 410 I,
2 445
2482
2 518 I,
252
275
299
323
348
101
102
103
104
105
2
2
2
2
2
373
399
425
452
479
106
107
108
109
110
2 749
2 789
2 830
2 871
2914
-1 906
-1 960
-2 016
-2073
-2 130
- 507
- 535
- 564
- .593
- 623
111
112
113
114
115
2
2
3
3
3
956
999
043
087
132
-2 189
-2 248
-2 309
-2371
-2 433
116
117
118
119
120
3
3
3
3
3
178
224
271
318
366
-2
-2
-2
-2
-2
1.
1
1
1
1
210
211
213
214
215
1
1
1
1
1
1 354
1 362
1.371
1 380
1 390
96
97
98
99
100
1
1
1
1
1
217
218
220
221
223
1
1
2
2
947
974
002
030
11
12
13
14
15
581
595
610
624
639
1.178
1 179
1 180
1 181
1 183
1
1
1
1
1
400
410
421
432
444
101
102
103
104
105
1.
1.
1
1
1.
224
226
227
229
231
2
2
2
2
2
059
089
120
151
183
16
17
18
19
20
653
668
682
697
711
516
501
486
472
457
56
57
58
59
60
71
72
73
74
75
1 184
1 185
1.186
1 187
1 189
1.456
1 468
1 481
1 494
1 508
106
107
108
109
110
1
1
1
1
1.
232
234
235
237
239
2
2
2
2
2
216
249
283
318
354
21
22
23
24
25
726
741
755
770
785
442
428
413
398
384
61
62
63
64
65
1 501
241
244
248
252
256
76
77
78
79
80
1 190
1 191
1 192
1 194
1.195
1
1
1
1
1
522
537
552
568
584
111
112
113
114
115
1.240
1 242
1 244
1 245
1. 247
2
2
2
2
2
391
429
467
506
546
26
27
28
29
30
800
815
830
.845
.860
369
354
340
325
310
66
67
68
69
70
I
I
I
1
1
523
546
570
593
617
1 260
1 265
1.270
1 275
1.280
81
82
83
84
85
1 196
1 197
1.199
1 200
1 201
1 601
1 618
1.636
1 654
I 673
116
117
118
119
120
1 249
1 250
1. 252
1. 254
1.256
2 587
2.628
2.671
2.714
2 759
31
32
33
34
35
876
.891
907
.922
.938
295
280
265
249
234
71
72
73
74
75
1
1
I
I
1
641
666
691
716
742
36
37
38
39
40
.954
.970
987
I 003
I 020
218
.202
186
170
154
76
77
78
79
80
I 768
1 794
I 821
I 848
1.876
1 140
1 140
1.141
1.142
1 142
1
1
1
1
1
26
27
28
29
30
1.143
1 143
1.144
1 145
1 145
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
1
1
1
1
1
163
164
165
166
166
56
57
58
59
60
1
1
1
1
1
1.199
1 201
1 204
1 206
1 209
61
62
63
64
65
1
1
1
1
1
1 146
1 147
1.148
1.148
1.149
1
1
1
1
1.
211
214
216
219
222
66
67
68
69
70
40
1.150
1 151
1.151
1.152
1 153
1
I
1
1
1
225
228
231
234
237
41
42
43
44
45
1.154
1 155
1 155
1 156
1 157
1
1
1
1
1
46
47
48
49
50
1.158
1.159
1 160
1.161
1.162
187
189
192
194
196
1
1
1
1
1
M <M.
753
736
719
702
686
91
92
9:\
94
95
21
22
23
24
25
I 51
I 52
53
54
I 55
Ir
M.
435
450
464
479
494
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
137
137
138
139
139
203
204
206
207
208
1 173
1 176
1 179
1.182
1 184
16
17
18
19
20
5.12-7
1
1
1
1
1
693
713
734
755
777
I',
-817
851
886
922
958
-1
-1
-1
-1
996
034
072
112
152
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
193
234
277
320
364
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
409
455
501
549
597
-1
-I
-1
-1
-1
646
696
747
799
852
1 351
1 371
1 392
39
If Ljr > 120, the ratio of axial load (P) to plastic

load (P y ) shall beP
1 413
1 435
1 456
I 478
654
685
717
750
783
555
593
631
670
709
497
562
627
694
762
8700
Py ::::: (Ljr)2
(AISC fonnula 24)
..................... (3)
Assuming depth of web

.95 d (depth of member ), the shear on web section at ultimate load is-
Shear (AISC Sec. 2.4)
v,
Webs of columns, beams, and girders not reinforced by a web doubler plate or diagonal stiffeners
shall be so proportioned that:
= t w ( .95 d)
cry
.zc:
y3
or
.................... (4)
Minimum Width-to-Thickness Ratios (AISC Sec. 2.6)
FIGURE 9
When subjected to compression involving plastic

hinge rotation under ultimate loading, section elements
shall be so proportioned that:
7.5-4
Joint Design and Production

TABLE 3-Weight of Weld Metal C1bs/ft of Joint)
.,
c
-"
U
'I."
~
~
CL
t
5/8
3/4
7/8
~v."
r\'~
+ '''''
.s
30
reinforcement
1.01
1.46
1 1/8
2.48
1 1/4
3.24
l+
J()"
'I."
.544
30
re i nforcement
1/)
J()"
Manual 151 pon
+ '""
reinforcement
.735
~
t,,"
W'
20
reinforcement
.364
.649
1.26
1.82
30
20
reinforcement
.456
.811
30'
/:' = "..
+ ""
IOJl"d gauging required
20
20
30
rei nforcemen t
reinforcement
30
rei nforcemen t
reinforcement
.452
.626
2.53
3.02
1.33
1.71
1.11
.427
2.40
1.43
.616
.830
3.54
2.86
2.14
1.79
.901
1.96
1.06
4.07
2.19
1.30
4.63
3.3-4
3.84
2.61
1.99
1.01
1.33
1.62
3.13
2.64
1.39
2.60
1.93
1.56
5.19
4.35
3.70
3.12
1.71
2.07
1.09
1 3/8
4.11
3.28
2.26
1.83
5.80
4.89
4.30
3.63
1 1/2
5.07
4.06
2.62
2.13
6.41
5.45
4.96
4.19
2.46
15/8
6.14
4.91
3.01
2.45
7.06
6.02
5.66
4.78
2.89
1 3/4
7.30
5.84
3.41
2.79
7.72
6.62
6.40
5.41
3.35
9.94
7.94
4.29
3.52
9.11
7.85
8.03
6.79
4.38
9.12
4.75
9.85
8.91
7.54
4.94
21/8
11.4
21/4
13.0
10.4
5.25
3.91
4.32
10.6
8.51
9.18
23/8
14.7
11.7
5.77
4.75
11.4
9.87
21/2
16.4
13.1
6.31
5.20
12.2
10.6
11.8
10.0
6.85
25/8
18.3
14.7
6.88
5.67
13.0
11.4
12.9
10.9
7.55
23/4
20.3
16.2
6.16
13.8
12.1
14.0
11.8
8.28
24.6
19.6
7.46
8.71
7.20
15.5
13.6
16.3
13.8
9.85
9.83
10.8
8.32
5.54
9.14
6.18
TABLE 4--Weight of Weld Metal C1bs/ft of Joint)

~
.>l
~
~
~
5/8
3/4
"..
". . "~
"~
"~ "~ "'~. "~ "~
"..
-
45-
1AI"
60'
Yo"
.854
1.15
1.48
1 1/8
1 1/4
1.86
2.28
2.74
13/8
3.24
30'
Yo"
7/8
1
.501
.805
1.18
1.45
1.95
20'
It."
30'
141"
W'
1.39
1.79
1.52
1.89
1.09
1.45
1.15
1.49
1.85
2.23
2.50
2.22
2.29
1.99
3.13
2.72
3.17
2.30
2.79
2.73
3.83
4.59
2.70
3.22
3.76
3.39
5.42
4.26
3.55
4.15
3.88
3.06
3.52
3.99
1.63
2.14
3.31
2.63
1 1/2
3.78
4.12
6.31
4.99
4.67
4.49
15/8
4.36
4.92
7.28
5.22
5.14
4.49
13/4
4.99
5.80
8.32
5.56
6.36
5.80
5.83
5.02
6.35
7.10
7.76
10.6
7.90
7.02
7.33
6.14
21/8
7.67
8.05
6.74
7.88
11.8
12.1
8.73
21/4
8.85
9.99
9.58
8.33
9.00
7.35
23/8
8.73
11.3
14.5
9.04
9.91
8.00
9.60
12.5
15.9
11.4
10.9
8.66
13.9
17.5
19.0
12.4
13.4
22.4
15.6
21/2
25/8
23/4
10.5
11 .5
15.3
13.5
18.4
10.5
9.66
9.35
10.5
11.8
11.3
12.9
12.8
10.1
15.0
11.6
7.9-6
Joint Design and Production
5. Type of flux, gas, etc. (as required).

6. Current and voltage (with changes as required
for different passes).
7. Preheat and interpass temperature.
8. Pass sequence (show sketch if necessary).
9. Type of inspection required.
10. Any comments or information that will help
the weldor, such as special techniques, electrode angles,
weld bead placement, etc., Figure 6.
This method of establishing the welding procedure
takes time. It, nevertheless, is an almost foolproof approach to guaranteeing weld quality since it provides
firsthand experience, workmanship samples, samples
for destructive testing and positive evidence that the

adopted procedure can produce the required results.
And perhaps most important of all, it gives all weldors
one "proved procedure" so that the job is no longer
subject to the multiple choice of several weldors.
Personnel
In the case of manual welding, it is true that the weld
quality cannot be any better than the skill of the
weldor. This skill should be evaluated before the man
is permitted to do any actual welding.
The simple and relatively inexpensive device for
doing this is the AWS weldor qualification test, Figur,
Summary of AWS Weldor Qualification Test Requirements
CompletiOl'l of all uorred

let"
will qualify Ior of l ;oinl" thieknelSlH
and po,ilion,.
FILLET WELD TEST

FOR WORK ON ALL THICKNESSES
GROOVE WELD TEST GROOVE WELD TEST

FOR WORK WITH GROOVES 3/4" OR
FOR WORK WITH GROOVES OF AN"(
LESSDEEP ON EITHER Oil: 80TH SIOfS
DEPTHON EITHER OR BOTH SIDES
OF THE JOINT
OF THE JOINT
FIG. 7 AWS Weldor Qualification Test requirements

are completely detailed in
the code books.
TEST PLATE
PREPARATION
FLAT POSITION
O,.lIfl.. fir fl.t ,.sItIOi
QuUlln for fI.t posltlol
HORIZONTAL
POSITION
Qulltlu f.r
VERTICAL POSITION
tI.,
lid lIo,hOl 1
,.,itl..,
O"U'ln for
fl., 1Io,IIOItai ,osl'loll
dP~
aulltll' fa, fl." IIorll....I,
lid u,tlcal posl'lolS
Qulltlll tor
fl., II. 10rtlcal posltlolS
OVERHEAD POSITION
Ounflu for fI,t, IIorIlOlI.I,
. . . .",II.. d ,osltloll
anuuos for
n.,
II.
".r ,osltl ..,

WHO
;fiELD
L
'
bLf-/= = =I=I=f== = t'-:2 ;
t-
/
"flll OWEDFOR
ALL CUTS
If-
-,~
~ F;,.,I====f=l=i(9'7'===f'
SPECIMEN
PREPARATION
~ ~'"
''sPECIMeN
.r
~
'OISC~RO
R. MAX.
~:I~-reinforcement
. - fr:::..\Remove
end boddng strip flush wi,h
'\~i.e metal. Flame culling may be used, pro.otdedot least
lIB" of itl thicknen t~ left to be removed by mochjnj~
or grinding.
JThese edges may be flame cuI and mayor moy not be

!Qmochined.
r-f-'L--.,.--,----, --.-.4-"""7""--'----'------'
REQUIRED TESTS
TWO ROOr IUDS
)-'"
Oil ROOr AID 011 fACE IUD
r WO SID I IIIDS

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I

r,: ..,-? ,--1.-LCJ'~ '.:~<--__,=-~Q,

,M rWD lrtf.:{jQi//B!I2MOMENT OF INERTIA (I)

co. 1!J,:7N BEAM

MOME,_- OF INERTIA I'

(5) d-,",D /dQ,

(4) .jL~.JWA8LE UN!:- DEFL( IION - .001

(lNCh'ES PEJ1 /N'C#)

IZ/ ",.,'", 'H ,oF CiEAM 120,iVO-IE5.

FIGURE 9-Required Moment of Inertia of Beam Under Bending Load

15.4 15.0 113.1

20 0 20.0 200 20.0 19.7 19.1 18.8 18.1

20.0 19.1 17.9 17 1 16.7

Aspect ratios ajh: stiffener spacing to web depth

AISC TABLE 3-50-Steel of 50 ksi Yield Point

9.28 i 8.96 118.40

12.34 11.76 10.86110.46

1~~6. 1~;6 12.17

sttttener spacing to web depth

Figurr-, gi\('1l III SE'('IIIH!

Inelicall' rpl/Ulfld g-rlls." ureu of pair." of intr-rmediutt- stifleners, as per ('PClt

Bethlehem TABLE 3-45-Steel of 45 ksi Yield Point

ALLOWABLE SHEAR STRESSES IN PLATE GIRDERS, KSI

And Required Gross Area of Pairs of Intermediate

Q = useful capacity of one shear connector,

when hid > 4.2

Note: f'c = 28-day compressive strength of concrete

+ Cme + Cm; Co) 1 + C

TABLE l-Moment of Inertia, Transformed

effective slab width, t =

Moment of inertia Ie of eompoaite beams, io.

TABLE 2-Section Modulus, Bottom Flange of

effective slob width, t

C<Jllll"''1ite heuru, in.>

32,OG2 3ol,OM 3C1,08S 33-;1\48 35,820 38,017 37,386 39,715

12,103 22,172 23,713 25,259 23,328 24,903 26,594 26,036 27,732

21.334 22,806 24,298

5,347 11.376 12,2M 13,145 11 ,939 12,855 13,781 13,355 14 .300

From "Composite Construction In Steel and Concrete" by Viest,

From "Composite Construction in Steel and Concrete" by Viest,

TABLE 4-Useful Capacity, Q,

TABLE 5-Useful Capacity, Q,

CONCRETE STRENGTH, f', psi

max. moment caused by dead loads acting on

max. moment caused by dead loads acting on

section modulus of steel beam for extreme

TABLE 3-Coefficient mile for Horizontal Shear

effective slob width,

vertical shear caused by dead load acting on

VL = vertical shear caused by live load

spacing of sheer connectors

Coefhcrr-n t ~ of t-orunoaito beltl\l, l Zin,

--31) WI" 300

2-1 WI' 100

CONCRETE STRENGTH, f'"

From "Composite Construction in Steel

number of shear connectors at one transverse

capacity of one connector, lbs

horizontal shear to be transferred, lbs

The spacing of shear connectors should not exceed

Fountain & Singleton. Copyright 1958. McGraw-Hili Book Com-

pany. Used by permission.