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Thanks Master Ceremony for inviting me to present about my topic.

Assalammualaikum and a very good morning I beat to our lecturer dr zulkarnain and fellow friends. Allow me to introduce myself first. I am anis shaheera binti shamsuddin , currently taking chemical engineering second year first semester. efore I start , lets watch a short video related to my topic. After watch this video, Im sure some of you can figure out what my topic is about. My topic is about de!avu. "o you know what de!avu is# $ave you e%perienced it# "o you know how it can occurred# All of this, I will answer throughout this presentation. I&ve chosen this topic because I want to make the audiences know what de!avu is and e%plain the causes of it happened. The psycology of de!avu and the causes of it occur.

at the beginning of the first point, I will get the attention all of you to understand the meaning of this topic. Dejavu is French term meaning already seen. It is reported that 60- 0! of people had e"perience dejavu. #ou may h aving the strong
sensation that an event or experience currently being experienced has been experienced in the past.

The memory system memory'based e%perience and assume the memory centres of the brain are responsible for it. The medial temporal lobes are vital for the retention of long'term memories of events and facts. Certain regions of the medial temporal lobes are important in the detection of familiarity, or recognition, as opposed to the detailed recollection of specific events. It has been proposed that familiarity detection depends on rhinal corte% function, whereas detailed recollection is linked to the hippocampus. (ecognition memory is the type of memory that allows us to realize that what we are currently e%periencing has already been e%perienced before, such as when we recognize a friend on the street or hear a familiar song on the radio. The brain fluctuates between two different types of recognition memory) recollection and familiarity. (ecollection'based recognition occurs when we can pinpoint an instance when a current situation has previously occurred. *amiliarity occurs +uickly, before the brain can recall the source of the feeling. Conscious recollection depends on the hippocampus and prefrontal corte%, whereas familiarity depends on regions of the medial temporal corte%. ,hen these cooperating processes get out of sync, we can e%perience d-!. vu, the intense and often disconcerting feeling that a situation is familiar even though it has never happened before.

Double perception ' A new study by research psychologists Alan /. rown of /M0 and Elizabeth Marsh of "uke 0niversity provides new clues about d-!. vu, that eerie sense of e%periencing a moment for the second time. 1"-!. vu is inappropriate behavior by the brain,2 says rown. the d-!. vu theory of 1double perception,2 which suggests that a +uick glance at a scene can make it appear strangely familiar when it is fully perceived moments later. 3et4s say you enter a new museum, glancing at artwork while talking on your cell phone. 0pon hanging up, you look around and sense you4ve been there long ago. According to double perception theory, the initial glance created a mushy memory without time'space conte%t, rown says. 1,hen you then consciously register the scene, the brain connects the two memories 5 and you get that spooky feeling.2 rown and Marsh re'created this e%perience in the laboratory using uni+ue symbols. In their trials, a symbol was flashed at a subliminal level on a computer screen, followed by a longer view of the same or a different symbol, or no symbol. ,hen a flash was followed by its identical symbol, participants were five times more likely to say they had seen that symbol sometime before the e%periment. 1,e pushed memory around,2 rown says. 1,e changed people4s views of their personal past by instilling a false sense of a previous encounter.2

The glitches in the matrix A subset of epilepsy patients consistently e%perience d-!. vu at the onset of a seizure 6 that is, when seizures begin in the medial temporal lobe. 7pileptic seizures are evoked by alterations in electrical activity in neurons within focal regions of the brain. This dysfunctional neuronal activity can spread across the whole brain like the shock waves generated from an earth+uake. The brain regions in which this electrical activation can occur include the medial temporal lobes. 7lectrical disturbance of this neural system generates an aura 8a warning of sorts9 of d-!. vu prior to the epileptic event. y measuring neuronal discharges in the brains of these patients, scientists have been able to identify the regions of the brain where d-!. vu signals begin. d-!. vu is more readily induced in epilepsy patients through electrical stimulation of the rhinal cortices as opposed to the hippocampus. d-!. vu is caused by a dysfunctional electrical discharge in the brain.

Mismatches and short circuit d-!. vu occurs due to a discrepancy in memory systems leading to the inappropriate generation of a detailed memory from a new sensory e%perience d-!. vu is evoked by a mismatch between the sensory input and memory'recalling output. This e%plains why a new e%perience can feel familiar, but not as tangible as a fully recalled memory. ,hen the brain receives a small sensory input that is strikingly similar to such a detail e%perienced in the past, the entire memory image is brought forward. The brain has taken the past to be the present by virtue of one tiny bit of sensory information. a slight malfunctioning between the long and short'term memory circuits of the brain. /omehow, specific information shortcuts its way from short to long'term memory storage, bypassing the usual mechanisms used for storage transfer. the error is in the timing of the perceptive and cognitive processes. /ensory information is rerouted on its way to memory storage and, so, is not immediately perceived. This short delay causes the sensation of e%periencing and remembering something at the same time, a very unsettling feeling. :ne other e%planation is that d-!. vu is actually the process of remembering memory connections, of following the impulses and synapses. This theory provides a satisfactory e%planation for the physical effects of d-!. vu.

:ne side of your brain is usually &in charge& of a particular skill 6 for e%ample, in most people, the left side of the brain deals with language. :ne e%planation for d-!. vu is that there is a split'second delay in transferring information from one side of the brain to the other. :ne side of the brain would then get the information twice 6 once directly, and once from the &in charge& side. /o the person would sense that the event had happened before.

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