www.sintef.com Our main research area is the development and application of mathematical models for intra-basinal processes on geological time scales, starting with organic carbon deposition, followed by hydrocarbon generation and expulsion, and fnally migration and accumulation. All models developed in the Basin Modelling Department are 3D, but are nonetheless computationally fast. This allows multiple runs within a reasonable time frame, so that a range of input scenarios can be investigated. In addition to the modelling work, we develop kinetic models of hydrocarbon generation from the results of artifcial maturation experiments performed in our laboratory. Basin Modelling From organic carbon deposition to hydrocarbon entrapment May 2013 CONTACT SINTEF Petroleumsforskning AS (SINTEF Petroleum Research) POB 4763 Sluppen, NO-7465 Trondheim, Norway Phone: + 47 73 59 11 00, www.sintef.no/petroleum SINTEF Petroleum Research is a Norwegian research insitute specializing in petroleum technology research for exploration and production. Our activities are fnanced mainly through contract research and public research funding. The main clients are oil companies and service companies. SINTEF Petroleum Research collaborates closely with other institutes within the SINTEF Group and several universities. Our offces are located in Trondheim, Bergen and Stavanger. The SINTEF Petroleum Research staff includes 109 employees, including researchers, engineers, technical support and administration. 69 % of the scientifc staff hold a Ph.D. or equivalent degree. The SINTEF Group is the largest independent research institution in Scandinavia. Our vision is Technology for a better society. We aim to contribute in value creation, improved quality of life and a sustainable development through research and knowledge. At the turn of the year, SINTEF had 2100 employees. Our colleagues come from 67 different countries, and in 2010 they generated new knowledge to the value of NOK 2.8 billion. More than 90 percent of our earnings come from contracts for industry and the public sector, and from project grants from the Research Council of Norway. Our basic grant from the Research Council accounts for around eight percent of the total income. Research Director Ane Lothe Cellphone: +47 932 63 605 e-mail: ane.lothe@sintef.no Drilling and Well Basin Modelling Formation Physics Geophysics and Reservoir Technology Wellstream Technology President Staff SINTEF Materials and Chemistry SINTEF ICT SINTEF Building and Infrastructure SINTEF Holding SINTEF Energy Research MARINTEK SINTEF Technology and Society SINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture SINTEF Petroleum Research The SINTEF Board The SINTEF Council President CEO Senior Executive Vice President Group staff Model development Hydrocarbon migration modelling The SEMI modelling tool simulates hydrocarbon migration with up to 10 individual fluid components from source rocks to traps in multiple layers. Originally developed for secondary migration (hence the name), SEMI now incorporates modules for hydrocarbon generation (at compound-group level), expulsion (using our primary migration tool PriMig), and palaeowater-depth reconstruction. Flow paths are determined using a steepest ascent method influenced by the blocking effects of different types of fault sealing and of carrier-bed pinch-outs. Flow paths can be vertical (hydrocarbons leak into a shallower layer if no seal is present), along faults (this includes migration from a younger to an older layer), or through sealing cap rocks depending on the pressure. The effects of biodegradation on hydrocarbons accumulated in traps can be included in the modelling. Monte Carlo simulation methods are incorporated for facilitating sensitivity studies and assessment of key risk factors. www.sintef.no/semi Pressure modelling Pressim is a module of the SEMI software package that simulates and quantifes the buildup and dissipation of overpressure in fault- bounded compartments through time. It is a one-phase simulator and its concept is based on fluid pressure being generated by mechanical and chemical sediment compaction, and dissipated by lateral and vertical fluid flow. The dissipation processes are controlled laterally by cross-fault transmissibilities, and vertically by shale permeability and hydraulic leakage. Monte Carlo simulations can be used to build a probability distribution of overpressures. The output can be used in secondary migration modelling. Pressure differences across faults may increase or decrease the oil and gas leakage across the faults. In addition, the timing of hydraulic leakage through the cap rock is highly correlated with the pressure within the trap. The modelled pressures can also be utilized as a pressure prognosis along well paths prior to drilling. www.sintef.no/petroleum/pressim Palaeobathymetry reconstruction Palaeowater depth is reconstructed by means of the SEMI Palaeowater module. Reconstruction includes decompaction of present-day rock units, and isostasy and flexure effects. The reconstruction is fne- tuned using water-depth indicators such as depositional geometry, micropalaeontological estimates, and sedimentary structures, and with regional information presented in the literature. The method take vertical tectonic movements into account, but a true tectonic reconstruction is not performed. The output can be used in the organic facies model OF-Mod where water depth is an important input factor for modelling organic carbon deposition, and in the secondary migration model SEMI to constrain the basin evolution. www.sintef.no/petroleum/pwd Organic facies prediction The Organic Facies Modelling tool OF-Mod simulates the deposition and accumulation of organic carbon in marine environments over time. It considers the main governing processes such as primary productivity, carbon flux to the sea floor, burial effciency influenced by inorganic sedimentation rate, and preservation influenced by concentration availability. Both marine and terrestrial organic material are modelled, leading to spatial and temporal variations of the organic facies in a basin. OF-Mod incorporates a simple stratigraphic model builder. Maps of source rock potential and pre-burial TOC and HI values, which formpart of the model output, can be used as input into the secondary migration model SEMI. www.sintef.no/petroleum/ofmod * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ** * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ** * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ** * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Anoxic bottom water Carbon flux Degradation Upwelling PP = 100 250 PP = 250 300 PP = 40 60 Terrestrial organic matter supply Marine organic matter supply Basin Modelling SINTEF Petroleum Research Basin Modelling SINTEF Petroleum Research Model application We performproprietary and multi-client case studies on a regular basis. Recent examples of multi-client studies include integrated regional studies that combine comprehensive databases with novel modelling techniques to describe the development of petroleum systems through the geological evolution and identify key risk factors for exploration in the work area. n Integrated Barents Sea Study (2005) with Basin Modelling Upgrade (2008): The studies cover most of the Norwegian Barents Sea (approximately 70 45 74 30 N and 15 32 E) and were performed in co-operation with Geolab Nor, AGR Petroleum Services, Pegis, Gaz de France and Geotrack International. www.sintef.no/petroleum/ibs n Integrated Norwegian Sea Study (2010): The study area covers a large part of the Norwegian Sea (approximately 62 68 N and 2 11 E). It was performed in co-operation with AGR Petroleum Services, Fugro Geolab Nor and Geotrack International. www.sintef.no/petroleum/ins The deliverables include reports, databases and map grids or Petrel models of relevant input data and modelling results for relevant timesteps. A workshop at the customers premises is also included. Laboratory Micro-Scale Sealed Vessel (MSSV) pyrolysis and open-system pyrolysis of potential source rocks are performed in the laboratory at various constant heating rates. These experiments are carried out as proprietary work with the customers own samples or as multi- client work with samples from released exploration wells or from the Stratigraphic Drilling campaigns on the Norwegian continental shelf. The results are the basis for multicomponent kinetic models which are used to assess the timing of hydrocarbon generation and the amounts generated depending on thermal history, quality and richness of the source rock. The Kinetic Library (KinLib) is a collection of data sheets containing non-proprietary kinetic models for major source rocks from the northern North Sea, the Norwegian Sea and the Barents Sea. The laboratorys chromatography and pyrolysis facilities are used for the characterization of source rocks, oils (including heavy fractions) and natural gases including hydrocarbons and sulfur compounds. Ongoing research projects n SiteChar - Characterization of European CO 2 Storage is an EU project under the 7th Framework Programme (2010-2013) coordinated by IFP. The project will examine the whole process integrating CO 2 storage site characterization, risk assessment and development of monitoring plans. The project has seventeen partners from research, industry and consultancy sectors from ten countries. Our focus is on Work Package 6: Characterization of a multi-compartment storage complex, Mid Norway. The main task here is to evaluate and simulate CO 2 storage in the Halten Terrace area, Norwegian Sea. n Gas Shale Exploration & Exploitation (2011-2013) aims to establish a modelling work-flow for quantitative prediction of shale gas occurrences and their quality (sweet spot identifcation). The project will contribute to volumetric and qualitative prediction of gas shale by characterizing and quantifying the inorganic and organic matter content, thermal maturity, amount of generated hydrocarbons, shale properties and natural fracture development on a basin scale. The project will contribute to sustainable and environmentally compatible exploration of this energy source. n OF-Mod linked facies development: A new development phase for OF-Mod (Organic Facies Model) software that simulates the deposition and burial of organic carbon in marine environment in 3D. The simulation results can be used to predict the spatial and temporal occurrence of source rocks. At present, measured data are used only for calibration of the modelling results. The new development aims to use both measured data and general facies defnitions to characterize the depositional environment being modelled. To enable a smooth transition between different facies and their properties, a fuzzy logic approach will be used. The project currently has four sponsors (2010-2012). www.sintef.no/petroleum/ofmod_facies Technology for a better society Technology for a better society www.sintef.com www.sintef.com Software licences and services We offer licences of our software packages OF-Mod and SEMI. Conditions and prices on request. We perform proprietary studies on clients data sets. We also offer tailor-made training courses on source rock modelling with OF-Mod and petroleum system modelling with SEMI.