Jaycel Anne Jalandoni Bsn-3a1

1.

Which of the following disorders is characterized by joint inflammation that is usually accompanied by pain and frequently accompanied by changes in structure? a. Synovitis b. Arthritis c. Bursitis d. Tendinitis Answer B. Arthritis is characterized by joint inflammation that is usually accompanied by pain and frequently accompanied by changes in structure. Synovitis is the inflammation of the synovial membrane, typically resulting from a traumatic injury or an aseptic wound. Bursitis is the inflammation of a bursa, typically one located between a bony prominence and a muscle or tendon. Tendinitis is the inflammation of tendon.

2. The nurse in an outpatient clinic is supervising student nurses administering influenza vaccinations. The nurse should question the administration of the vaccine to which of the following clients? (A) A 45-year-old male who is allergic to shellfish. (B) A 60-year-old female who says she has a sore throat. (C) A 66-year-old female who lives in a group home. (D) A 70-year-old female with congestive heart failure. answer is B. What is a contraindication to receiving flu vaccine? Needed Info: Influenza vaccine: given yearly, preferably Oct.-Nov.; recommended for people age 65 or older; people under 65 with heart disease, lung disease, diabetes, immunosuppression, chronic care facility residents. (A) A 45-year-old male who is allergic to shellfish allergy to eggs is a contraindication (B) A 60-year-old female who says she has a sore throat CORRECT: vaccine deferred in presence of acute respiratory disease (C) A 66-year-old female who lives in a group home vaccine deferred only if patient has an active immunization (D) A 70-year-old female with congestive heart failure no contraindication

3. "A patient with hepatitis B is being discharged in 2 days. In the discharge teching plan the nurse should include instructions to: a. Avoid alcohol for the first 3 weeks b. Use a condom during sexual intercourse c. Have family members get an injection of immunoglobin d. Follow a low-protein, moderate-carbohydrate, moderate-fat diet Answer B Hepatitis B virus may be transmitted by mucosal exposure to infectious blood, blood products, or other body fluids (e.g., semen, vaginal secretions, saliva). Hepatitis B is a sexually transmitted disease that is acquired through unprotected sex with an infected person. Condom use should be taught to patients to prevent transmission of hepatitis B. 4. "To prevent the spread of hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection the nurse is especially careful when A. Disposing of food trays B. Emptying bed pans C. Taking an oral temperature D. Changing IV B is the correct answer. HAV is transmitted primarily person-to-person by the fecal-oral route. Food can be a method of transmission but needs to be fecally contaminated. Since the transmission of hepatitis A is fecal-oral and not saliva or blood like hepatitis B, taking a temperature and changing IV tubing would not spread hepatitis A. 5. An abnormality of the immune system that renders a person susceptible to disease normally prevented by a normal functioning immune system. a.Autoimmune disorder b.Immunodeficiency c.Bullous disease d.Immunologic reactions Answer B. abnormality of the immune system that renders a person susceptible to disease normally prevented by a normal functioning immune system. 6. The cells that produce antibodies, and more than half of PI diseases are caused by B-cell (antibody) deficiencies. a.B-cell deficiencie b.T-cell deficiencies c.Phagocytes

d.Compliment deficiencies Answer B-cells are the cells that produce antibodies, and more than half of PI diseases are caused by B-cell (antibody) deficiencies. In these types of PI, an individual produces either too few or defective B-cells. 7. HIV prevention strategies women can use includea. Using a latex condom. b. Not sharing needles with a person who has HIV. c. Not having sex with a person who has HIV. d. All of the above. Answer D. Transmission to recipients of blood, blood products, or organ transplantation. Adolescents acquire infection via sexual contact and intravenous drug abuse.

8. HIV may be spread from contaminated needles whena. Piercing ears or other body parts. b. Injecting steroids. c. Injecting drugs. d. All of the above. Answer D. Transmission to recipients of blood, blood products, or organ transplantation.Adolescents acquire infection via sexual contact and intravenous drug abuse. 9. A negative HIV antibody test result meansa. HIV is present. b. HIV antibodies are present. c. No HIV antibodies were detected. d. A person is definitely not infected in HIV. Answer C. HIV antibodies can take up to 6 months to develop from point of infection. 10. . Most teenagers with HIV become infecteda. From sharing needles and syringes or having sex with an HIV-infected partner.

b. From blood transfusions. c. Through casual contact. d. Through piercing body parts and tattooing. Answer A. Transmission to recipients of blood, blood products, or organ transplantation.Adolescents acquire infection via sexual contact and intravenous drug abuse. 11. A client with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) who has cytomegalovirus retinitis is receiving ganciclovir sodium (Cytovene). The nurse should plan to do which of the following while the client is taking this medication? 1. Monitor blood glucose levels for elevation 2. Administer the medication on an empty stomach only 3. Apply pressure to venipuncture sites for at least 2 minutes 4. Provide the client with a soft toothbrush and an electric razor Answer 4. Provide the client with a soft toothbrush and an electric razor Rationale: Ganciclovir sodium causes neutropenia and thrombocytopenia as the most frequent side effects. For this reason, the nurse monitors the client fro signs and symptoms of bleeding and implements the same precautions that are used for a client receiving anticoagulant therapy. These include providing a soft toothbrush and electric razor to minimize risk of trauma that could result in bleeding. The medication may cause hypoglycemia, but not hyperglycemia. The medication does not have to be taken on an empty stomach. Venipuncture sites should be held for approximately 10 minutes. 12. A nurse must give an injection to a client with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The nurse does which of the following after giving the injection? 1. Breaks the needle and discards it 2. Recaps the needle and discards the syringe in the disposal unit 3. Places the uncapped needle and syringe in a labeled cardboard box 4. Places the uncapped needle and syringe in a labeled, rigid plastic container Answer 4. Places the uncapped needle and syringe in a labeled, rigid plastic container Rationale: Standard precautions include specific guidelines for handling sharps and needles. Needles should not be recapped, bent, broken or cut after use; they should be disposed of in a labeled, impermeable container specifically used for this purpose. Needles should not be discarded in cardboard boxes because they could puncture the cardboard, causing a needlestick injury. Needles should never be left lying around after use. 13. The primary reason for rapid continuous rewarming of the area affected by frostbite is to: a. Lessen the amount of cellular damage

b. Prevent the formation of blisters c. Promote movement d. Prevent pain and discomfort Answer A is correct. Rapid continuous rewarming of a frostbite primarily lessens cellular damage. It does not prevent formation of blisters. It does promote movement, but this is not the primary reason for rapid rewarming. It might increase pain for a short period of time as the feeling comes back into the extremity; therefore, answers B, C, and D are incorrect.

14. During a home visit, a client with AIDS tells the nurse that he has been exposed to measles. Which action by the nurse is most appropriate? a. Administer an antibiotic b. Contact the physician for an order for immune globulin c. Administer an antiviral d. Tell the client that he should remain in isolation for 2 weeks Answer B is correct. The client who is immune-suppressed and is exposed to measles should be treated with medications to boost his immunity to the virus. An antibiotic or antiviral will not protect the client and it is too late to place the client in isolation, so answers A, C, and D are incorrect. 15. The physician has ordered a histoplasmosis test for the elderly client. The nurse is aware that histoplasmosis is transmitted to humans by: a. Cats b. Dogs c. Turtles d. Birds Answer D is correct. Histoplasmosis is a fungus carried by birds. It is not transmitted to humans by cats, dogs, or turtles. Therefore, answers A, B, and C are incorrect. 16. What should the nurse do first to prevent patient infections? a. Provide small bedside bags to dispose of used tissues b. Encourage staff to avoid coughing near patients c. Administer antibiotics as ordered d. Identify patients at risk Answer D. When a nurse is caring for quite a number of patients, to prevent the spread of infections among patients, she should know who are the possible carrier of infections and those

who are at risk of acquiring one. Options A, B and C are inappropriate infection preventions that are indicated in this situation. 17. The nurse understands that the factor that places a patient at the greatest risk for developing an infection is: a. Implantation of a prosthetic device b. Presence of an indwelling catheter c. Burns more than twenty percent of the body d. Multiple puncture sites from laparascopic surgery Answer C. The skin is the first line of defense of the body against the infections. In cases of burns more than 20% of the body, this defense is weakened thus the person is greatly predisposed to developing different kinds of infection. Burns does not only affect the ability of the skin to defend the body but it also alters the immunity of the body. Options A, B and D may predispose a patient from the development of infections but cannot be considered as great as compared to burns. 18. A 13-month-old child recently arrived in the United States from a foreign country with his parents and needs childhood immunizations. His mother reports that he is allergic to eggs. Upon further questioning, you determine that the allergy to eggs is anaphylaxis. Which of the following vaccines should he not receive? a. Hepatitis B b. inactivated polio c. diphtheria, acellular pertussis, tetanus (DTaP) d. mumps, measles, rubella (MMR) Answer D. The measles portion of the MMR vaccine is grown in chick embryo cells. The current MMR vaccine does not contain a significant amount of egg proteins, and even children with dramatic egg allergies are extremely unlikely to have an anaphylactic reaction. However, patients that do respond to egg contact with anaphylaxis should be in a medically controlled setting where full resuscitation efforts can be administered if anaphylaxis results. The vaccines in options a,b and c do not contain egg protein. 19. One HIV prevention strategy is the use of a condom that isa.Latex b.Natural c.Organic d.Animal

Answer A. Natural, Organic, or Animal Skin condoms have not been proven to be effective in stopping the spread of HIV. 20. Most teenagers with HIV become infecteda. From sharing needles and syringes or having sex with an HIV-infected partner. b. From blood transfusions. c. Through casual contact. d. Through piercing body parts and tattooing. Answer A. Transmission to recipients of blood, blood products, or organ transplantation.Adolescents acquire infection via sexual contact and intravenous drug abuse.