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Sample Essays
India Needs Smaller States
United we stand, divided we fall. This holds good when the population is one monolithic entity; identical in terms of ethnicity, culture and language, not when the population is so divided that there are more factors dividing us than uniting us. Winston Churchill once remarked India is no more a united nation than the Equator, which when one comes to think of it is not too much of a stretch. India, the country, is a geographical abstraction. The very fact that we have had this level of unity for so long is in itself a testimony to the miracle that is India. Now, this being the case one has to ponder over why we have remained united even in the face of such adverse forces. We have always had opportunities to vent out our frustrations, be it through our democratic processes or the infinite tolerance with which we have treated dissenting voices and protests. Empowerment of local entities through our federal polity is key to this. Thus, when states become ungovernable, be it because of sheer size or irreconcilable differences within states, it is advisable in the larger national interest to have more states. With states like Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, West Bengal and Andhra Pradesh which are bigger than few of the countries of Europe it makes sense to have smaller states. Even when you consider the proposed state of Telengana, the point is Telengana and Seemandhra have always been two separate states within a state, united only by a common language. The three new states that were created in the last decade - Chhattisgarh, Uttarakhand and Jharkhand, carved out from their parent states of Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and Bihar provide credence to this argument. Ignoring the initial few years these three states have grown at a phenomenal pace. Uttarakhand has averaged 9.31% growth annually, Jharkhand 8.45%, and Chhattisgarh 7.35%. Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh were considered backward regions of Bihar and Madhya Pradesh. Despite having ample mineral resources these two states could not reap the benefits of it. When the new states were formed the mineral revenues that were till then diverted elsewhere were utilized for the betterment of the state. Also, smaller geographical states ensure that the policy makers understand the needs of the people better. Smaller states can elect representatives who are much more conversant with the needs and requirements of their people. Expectations of the masses in a small state can be met much more easily. (Note: This is just a sample of the main content. Please order your copy today for the whole copy)

Group Discussions

1.

(1) Growth in Economy (2) New Job Opportunities will be created (3) Benefits to Farmers : In the retailing business, the intermediaries have dominated the interface between the manufacturers or producers and the consumers. Hence the farmers and manufacturers lose their actual share of profit margin, as the lions share is eaten up by the middlemen. This issue can be resolved by FDI, as farmers might get contract farming, where they will be able to supply an organised retailer based upon demand and will get paid handsomely for that and they need not run in search of buyers. (4) Benefits to consumers : Consumers will get variety of good quality products at low prices compared to market rates and will be able to choose from various international brands at one place. (5) Infrastructure will grow : This has been one of the common issues in the retailing chain in India for years, which has led to the process of an incompetent market mechanism. To cite an example, in spite of India being one of the largest producers of fruits and vegetables, lack of proper cold storage facility significantly affects the selling of these perishable items and also in huge losses. Allowing FDI might help India have better logistics and storage technologies resulting in avoiding wastage. Due to FDI foreign companies will invest around $ 100 million in India. Thereby, infrastructure facilities, refrigeration technology, transportation sector will get a boost. (6) Cheaper Production facilities (7) Availability of new technology and hence development of new skillsets

(8) Long term cash liquidity : FDI will render necessary capital for establishing organised retail chain stores. It is a long term investment because the physical capital in the domestic company is not easily liquidated. (9) Foreign countries will also create a supply chain management in the Indian market. This will result in avoidance of food wastage and perishables. (10) FDI opens up a new avenue for Franchising (11) According to the Indian Governments condition, foreign companies have to source a minimum of 30% of their goods from Indian micro and small industries. This will encourage the domestic manufacturing by creating a big effect for employment and technology up gradation and income generation. (12) Countries like China, Indonesia and Thailand have 100% FD1 in retail. Reports show that these countries have experienced high growth in agro processing industry, refrigeration technology and infrastructure.

(1) Impact on the organised players (eq. Kirana shops) The overall size of retail market in India at present is estimated at ` 5,88,000 crore of which, the unorganised portion of the market is worth ` 5,83,000 crore and the share of organised portion of the market is ` 5000 crores. The unorganised market provides the second largest employment opportunities to 3.95 million people (first being the agricultural sector). It is argued that opening the retail sector will have an impact on sales in the unorganised sector. As a result of this, employment provided by the unorganised sector will be affected. It is reasoned that by reducing the number of intermediaries, organised retailing will lead to some job displacement. (2) Limited Employment Generation It is said that FDI might provide employment opportunities, but it is argued that it cannot provide employment opportunities to semiilliterate people. This argument gains more importance because in India, large number of semi-illiterate people are present. (3) Fear of lowering of prices There is a fear that allowing FDI in retail would result in lowering of prices, as FDI will bring in good technology, supply chain etc. If prices are lowered, then it will lower the margin of unorganised players also. As a result of this, the unorganised market will be affected. This in turn will have an impact on the employment opportunities provided by the unorganised market. (4) FDI in retail will drain out the countrys share of revenue to foreign countries, which may cause negative impact on Indias economy. (5) Fears that domestic organised retail sector might not be competitive enough to tackle international players might not only resulting in loss of market share for them but in closure of their units.

(6) There is a possibility of small business owners and workers from other functional areas, as lot of people are involved in unorganised retail business, may lose their jobs. (7) Small retailers and other Kirana Stores may close down. (8) Supermarkets will establish their monopoly in the Indian market. Due to supermarkets fine tuning and higher accessibility they will be able to buy goods at lower prices and therefore will be able to sell at lower prices to consumers. This will result in closing of many small retailers. (9) Though Government has stipulated that 30% procurement should be from Indian sources, this may get diluted over the years. The remaining 70% procurement from cheaper countries will make the people run towards that stuff and the 30% supply from Indian small industries will have their own death, unable to compete with low price Chinese goods

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ABSTRACT GD TOPICS

How to attack Abstract Subjects during a GD or an Interview?

Some Pointers
Such topics are based on your perception. The way you look at the topic decides your subsequent participation and performance The challenge here is to put forth multiple implications of the topic and then evoke a discussion on some of them Idea generation and ability to add a tangible angle to an otherwise abstract topic are the hallmarks of success in this case. Try and connect the topic to your knowledge of subject areas such as general awareness, politics or sport In a GD, take a minute or two to gather your thoughts. Try not to kick-start the GD unless you have a decent idea on how to go about it In an interview, feel free to ask the interviewer for some time (say a minute) to think about what to say. Good humor is appreciated; Bad humor can get you shot! Some examples have been presented in the following material which emphasize how to kickstart idea generation and proceed further. It is advisable to come up with a couple of ideas in the beginning, and extrapolate them further by quoting real life scenarios and situations

Some examples with possible answers/ideas are:

Pigs can fly

1. Essentially this phrase is used as a figure of speech so hyperbolic, that is describes an impossibility 2. One interpretation of this phrase is some impossible event has occurred 3. AAP coming to power in Delhi 4. Blackberry's sudden debacle 5. Jasmine revolution usurping incumbent dictatorships across North Africa 6. Another interpretation could be what would be the 'impossible thing that can now happen' 7. Here one example is Indian Football team taking on the world and then can talk about poor condition of sports other than cricket in India

Go Ahead. Don't wait for me.

1. You are choosing not to evolve. Darwinian theory can be talked about here Survival of the fittest 2. 'Sholay's Jai and Veeru' can be discussed here and later Indian Film industry and the direction it is headed in- can be talked about 3. Nokia did not evolve with the changing customer preferences and had to pay the price 4. A supportive wife, who goes on to become a responsible and respected mother later in life 5. Complexity gape which is evolving between smarter technologies and 'not too smart' users

Year 2025
1. Humans may not need to sleep. You can talk about ubiquitous computing, technological advances and how human race has advanced till now and its effect on productivity. 2. Death of America- Fiscal tapering, cliff etc can be talked about here 3. World war- Human race will be wiped off the face of the earth, stories from movies like 'I am Legend', 'Book of Eli' etc can be talked off 4. As per Thomas Malthus' theory of population- the power of population would exhaust the resources on the planet resulting in a cataclysmic event ultimately wiping out the human race. 5. Cure for cancer and AIDS 6. Integration of Human body with the technology will reach a new epitome, giving new dimensions to knowledge and information transfer, storage etc 7. India will be a nation of 40 states- here you can talk about Telengana issue, Bodoland issue etc.

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PI

General PI Questions
Question 1: Tell me something about yourself
I was born and brought up in Delhi, and completed twelve years of schooling from the same school Delhi Public School, Mathura Road post which I went on to pursue Engineering in Information Technology from MIT, Manipal. I started my career with J.P. Morgan Chase, Bangalore. I spent a couple of years in a technology based role within the Investment Bank. It was here that I developed an innate passion for finance which led to my current objective of attending B-School. I have had the opportunity to travel extensively around the world and interact with individuals across diverse cultures and geographies. Courtesy of my fathers profession as a sea -going captain, I have visited over eighty countries around the world by ship. I pride myself in being a hard worker and a resultoriented person with very high integrity and strong values something that my upbringing has taught me. In addition, I believe I have strong interpersonal skills, and the ability to adapt and get along well with people. Im passionate about learning new skills and taking up new challenges whenever an opportunity presents itself. Some of my other interests include playing the guitar, hiking & exploring places, listening to music and experimenting with new cuisines

Question 2: Mention your strengths. State one instance associated with each.
Inclusiveness As with every area of organizational work, in the organization I was employed with, there was diversity in culture that impacted the delivery of services. I was part of a global team spread across 5 worldwide locations. This called for inclusiveness and an all-encompassing attitude. Being inclusive and accepting varying opinions and viewpoints, in my opinion, has not only made me a better team player but also a better individual Good at planning and execution I was part of a 3 member team that had to completely overhaul the design of an existing

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INDIA
The name India is derived from Indus, which originates from the Old Persian word Hindu. The latter term stems from the Sanskrit word Sindhu, which was the historical local appellation for the Indus River. The geographical term Bharat, which is recognised by the Constitution of India as an official name for the country, is used by many Indian languages in its variations. The eponym of Bharat is Bharata, a theological figure that Hindu scriptures describe as a legendary emperor of ancient India. Hindustan was originally a Persian word that meant "Land of the Hindus"; prior to 1947, it referred to a region that encompassed northern India and Pakistan. It is occasionally used to solely denote India in its entirety.

No. of States: 29( Including Telengana) No. of Union Territories: 7(Including Delhi) Population: 1,210,193,422(Census 11)

Uttar Pradesh most populous state

Literacy Rate:74.04% GDP: 1.84 Trillion(2012) HDI: 0.554 Sex Ratio :940

Chief Justice of India: P

Sathasivam Chief Election Commissioner: V.S. Sampath Chief Vigilance Commissioner: Pradeep Kumar Chief of Air Staff: Air Chief Marshall N.A.K Browne Chief of Army Staff: General Bikram Singh Chief of Naval Staff: Admiral Devendra Kr. Joshi

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Google sells Motorola to Lenovo for $2.91 billion

Lenovo will use Motorola's name to enter the US smart phone market
Google is selling Motorola Mobility to Lenovo, giving the Chinese smart phone manufacturer a major presence in the US market. Lenovo will buy Motorola for $2.91 billion in a mixture of cash and stock. Google will retain ownership of the vast majority of Motorola's patents, while 2,000 patents and a license on the remaining patents will go to Lenovo. At the deal's closing, Lenovo will pay Google $660 million in cash and $750 million in stock, while the remaining $1.5 billion will be paid out over three years.

Microsoft acquires Nokias devices & services business, license Nokias patents and mapping services Etihad gets CCI nod for 50.1% stake buy in Jet loyalty unit
Abu Dhabi-based Etihad Airways today got Competition Commission's approval for purchase of

50.1 percent stake in Jet Privilege Private Ltd (JPPL), a customer loyalty program unit of Jet Airways.

Wal-Mart gets CCI nod to buy Bharti's stake in India JV

Global retail firm Wal-Mart has got fair trade regulator CCI's green signal for purchase of Bharti Group's almost 50 per cent stake in their Indian joint venture for wholesale stores business.

Bharti Airtel acquires Loop Mobile

Telecom major Bharti Airtel on Tuesday announced to buy business and assets of Loop Mobile in Mumbai under a strategic agreement. The company did not disclose the size of deal but sources close to the agreement said it is for about Rs 700 crore. Under the agreement, Loop Mobile's 3 million subscribers in Mumbai will join Airtel's over 4 million subscribers, making it a largest network in the metropolitan city, according to a statement by Bharti Airtel.

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Essential Economics

Some essential economic terms

Gross domestic product (GDP) :
The total of goods and services produced by a nation over a given period, usually 1 year. Gross Domestic Product measures the total output from all the resources located in a country, wherever the owners of the resources live.

Gross national product (GNP)

It is the value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year, plus income earned by its citizens abroad, minus income earned by foreigners from domestic production. The Fact book, following current practice, uses GDP rather than GNP to measure national production. However, the user must realize that in certain countries net remittances from citizens working abroad may be important to national well being. GNP equals GDP plus net property income from abroad.

Globalization:
The process whereby trade is now being conducted on ever widening geographical boundaries. Countries now trade across continents and companies also trade all over the world.

Human capital Productive investments embodied in human persons:

These include skills, abilities, ideals, and health resulting from expenditures on education, onthe-job training programs, and medical care.

Imperfect competition:
A market situation or structure in which producers have some degree of control over the price of

What is money?
The characteristics of money are:

Inherently desirable

Divisible

Portable High Value per wt/vol

Durable Storehouse of Value

Traditionally Gold/Silver

Rise of banking- role of Banks

Collection of funds from sources Lending of funds to businesses Foreign Exchange Letters of credit -Facilitate Trade

Whats wrong with indian economy??

Indian Economy - Introduction
Indian economy is the tenth-largest in the world in terms of nominal GDP and also the third-largest by purchasing power parity (PPP). India is one of the G-20 major economies and also a member of BRICS. According to the IMF, India ranked 141st on a per-capita-income basis and 130th by GDP (PPP) in 2012. India is also the 19th-largest exporter in the world and in terms of imports it is the 10th-largest importer in the world. The Indian economy growth slowed down to 5.0% for the 2012 13 r compared with 6.2% of the previous fiscal year. Besides that In August 2013 the Indian rupee hit an all time low of 68.80 against the US dollar. The growth rate in India has nearly halved from 9.3% in 201011 to 5% in just three years. GDP growth showed a marginal improvement to 4.8% during the March 2013 quarter, the same was about 4.7% in the previous quarter. The growth rate forecast by Government of India stands at 6.1%-6.7% for the current year i.e. 201314. RBI expectations for the same are at 5.7%. Also, India suffered a very high fiscal deficit of US$ 88 billion which is about 4.8% of GDP in the year 201213. The Government aims to cut the fiscal deficit to 3.7% of GDP by 201314.

WHAT WENT WRONG?

The current Indian economy is in a deep problem and it needs urgent attention. It has lost its sheen and various factors are affecting its growth. The retail inflation is ever

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Cricket

Test Match Results Series/Tournament Warne-Muralitharan Trophy (Sri Lanka in Australia) New Zealand in South Africa Test Series Pakistan in South Africa Test Series Bangladesh in Sri Lanka Test Series Clive Lloyd Trophy (Zimbabwe in West Indies) Border-Gavaskar Trophy (Australia in India) England in New Zealand Test Series Bangladesh in Zimbabwe Test Series New Zealand in England Test Series Season 2012/13 2012/13 2012/13 2012/13 2012/13 2012/13 2012/13 2013 2013 Winner Australia South Africa South Africa Sri Lanka West Indies India drawn drawn England Margin 3-0 (3) 2-0 (2) 3-0 (3) 1-0 (2) 2-0 (2) 4-0 (4) 0-0 (3) 1-1 (2) 2-0 (2)

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Marketing vs. Selling

In general we use marketing and selling as synonyms but there is a substantial difference between both the concepts. It is the action part of marketing only and has short term goal of achieving market share. The end means of any sales activity is maximizing profits through sales maximization. Marketing as a concept and approach is much wider than selling and is also dynamic as the focus is on the customer rather than the product. While selling revolves around the needs and interest of the manufacturer or marketer, marketing revolves around that of consumer. It is the whole process of meeting and satisfying the needs of the consumer.

SELLING
1 Emphasis is on the product 2 Company Manufactures the product first 3 Management is sales volume oriented 4 Planning is short-run-oriented in terms of todays products and markets 5 Stresses needs of seller

MARKETING
1 Emphasis on consumer needs wants 2 Company first determines customers needs and wants and then decides out how to deliver a product to satisfy these wants 3 Management is profit oriented 4 Planning is long-run-oriented in todays products and terms of new products, tomorrows markets and future growth 5 Stresses needs and wants of buyers

Needs, Wants, Demands, Desires, Target Group, Value Proposition

Needs -Human needs are the basic requirements and include food clothing and shelter. Without
these humans cannot survive. An extended part of needs today has become education and healthcare. Generally, the products which fall under the needs category of products do not require a push. Instead the customer buys it themselves. Example of needs category products / sectors Agriculture sector, Real Estate (land always appreciates), FMCG, etc.

Wants Wants are a step ahead of needs and are largely dependent on the needs of humans
themselves. For example, you need to take a bath but you take bath with the best soaps. Thus Wants are not mandatory part of life. You DONT need a good smelling soap. But you will definitely use it because it is your want. Example of wants category products / sectors Hospitality industry, Electronics, Consumer Durables, FMCG, etc.

Demands You might want a BMW or a Mercedes for a car. You might want to go for a cruise.
But can you actually buy a BMW or go on a cruise? You can provided you have the ability to buy a

BMW or go on a cruise. Thus a step ahead of wants is demands. When an individual wants something which is premium, but he also has the ability to buy it, then these wants are converted to demands. The basic difference between wants and demands is desire. A customer may desire something but he may not be able to fulfil his desire. Example of demands Cruises, BMWs, 5 star hotels etc. The needs wants and demands are a very important component of marketing because they help the marketer decide the products which he needs to offer in the market. Thus the flow is like this.

Target Group
First, the target group is a group of intended users of the product. These are the people for whom the product was designed. These are the individuals who will be experiencing the value proposition. Second, the key target user is a predominant user for the product. There may be other secondary and tertiary users for the product. Third, the key target user does not refer to an individual. It refers to a segment of individuals that share the same characteristics.

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Indian Government & Politics (Jan 2013 Present):

Bills Approved: Food Security Bill:
The Indian National Food Security Act, 2013, aims to provide subsidized food grains to approximately two thirds of India's 1.2 billion people.

Lokpal Bill:
The landmark Jan Lokpal Bill, also referred to as the Citizen's Ombudsman Bill, was finally passed. This is an anti-corruption bill drafted and drawn up by civil society activists in India seeking the appointment of a Jan Lokpal, an independent body to investigate corruption cases.

Sexual Harassment of Women Bill:

The Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act, 2013 has widened the definition of sexual harassment and its victims.

Ordinance on convicted lawmakers withdrawn:

The Union Cabinet on October 2 decided to withdraw the bill that offered protection to convicted MPs and

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