FCD(SA) Part I

THE COLLEGES OF MEDICINE OF SOUTH AFRICA

Incorporated Association not for gain Reg No 1955/000003/08

Part I Examination for the Fellowship of the College of Dentistry of South Africa

8 April 2013 Paper 1 (3 hours)

All questions are to be answered. Each question to be answered in a separate book (or books if more than one is required for the one answer) Al die vrae moet beantwoord word. Elke vraag moet in n aparte boek (of boeke indien meer as een nodig is vir n vraag) geskryf word

The anatomy of the maxillary sinus is significant to the Maxillofacial Surgeon especially in the disciplines of traumatology, implantology, oncology and reconstruction. Discuss the anatomy of the maxillary sinus in detail under the following headings a) Embryology/development. b) Macroscopic structure. c) Microscopic structure. d) Relationships. e) Arterial supply. f) Venous drainage. g) Lymph drainage. h) Innervation. i) Applied (functional) anatomy. j) Clinical anatomy. [25] Die anatomie van die maksillre sinus is betekenisvol vir die Kaak, Gesigs en Mondchirurg veral ten opsigte van troumatologie, implantologie, onkologie en rekonstruksie. Bespreek die anatomie van die maksillre sinus in detail onder die volgende hoofde a) Embriologie/ontwikkeling. b) Makroskopiese struktuur. c) Mikroskopiese struktuur. d) Verhoudings. e) Arterlile voorsiening. f) Veneuse dreinasie. g) Limf dreinasie. h) Innervasie. i) Toegepaste (funksionele) anatomie. j) Kliniese anatomie. [25]

Describe the anatomy of the Mandibular division of the Trigeminal nerve under the following headings a) Brainstem origin. b) Brainstem exit.

PTO/Page 2 Question 2c)

-2c) d) e) f) g) h) 2 Cranial course. Cranial exit. Extra cranial course. Organs of innervations. Applied (functional) anatomy. Clinical anatomy (surgical significance/pathology/a case study or two).

[25]

Bespreek die anatomie van die mandibulre divisie van die trigeminale senuwee onder die volgende hoofde a) Breinstam oorsprong. b) Breinstam uitgang. c) Kraniale verloop. d) Kraniale uitgang. e) Ekstra-kraniale verloop. f) Organe van innervasie. g) Toegepaste (funksioele) anatomie. h) Kliniese anatomie (chirurgiese belang/patologie/ n gevallestudie of twee). [25] Describe the osteology of the mandible in detail (include in your answer the development of the mandible and age related changes). [25] Bespreek die osteologie van die mandible in detail (sluit in in u antwoord die ontwikkeling en ouderdomsverwante veranderings). [25]

Describe the anatomy of the pharynx under the same headings as mentioned in question 1 above. [25] Bespreek die anatomie van die farinks onder dieselfde opskrifte as vir vraag 1 hierbo. [25]

FCD(SA) Part I

THE COLLEGES OF MEDICINE OF SOUTH AFRICA

Incorporated Association not for gain Reg No 1955/000003/08

Part I Examination for the Fellowship of the College of Dentistry of South Africa

9 April 2013 Paper 2 (3 hours)

All questions are to be answered. Each question to be answered in a separate book (or books if more than one is required for the one answer) Al die vrae moet beantwoord word. Elke vraag moet in n aparte boek (of boeke indien meer as een nodig is vir n vraag) geskryf word

Explain how the sympathetic nervous system would alter function of the heart and blood vessels to yield complementary physiological effects that would promote blood circulation under conditions of stress. [25] Verduidelik hoe die simpatiese senuweestelsel die funksie van die hart en bloedvate sal verander om komplimentre fisiologiese effekte te bemiddel, sodat bloedsirkulering vermeerder tydens stres. [25]

Discuss all the factors that will influence the amount of oxygen bound to haemoglobin in the blood. [25] Bespreek al die faktore wat n invloed het op die hoeveelheid suurstof wat gebonde is aan hemoglobien in die bloed. [25]

a) b)

c)

d)

Describe the events at the neuromuscular junction (refer to neurotransmitter release, removal and receptor action). (7) Write a few general notes on the cerebellum, with regard to i) Its role. ii) Where it receives input from? iii) Where it sends integrative output? (5) Compare the general features of the somatic, sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the efferent nervous system (refer to number of neurons, neurotransmitters, target tissue and effect on target, as well as a summary of function). (7) When a tooth is extracted, blood vessels are injured. Platelets synthesise and release several chemical substances that facilitate haemostasis. Briefly describe the involvement of platelets in haemostasis. (6) [25]

PTO/Page 2 Question 3

-23 a) b) Beskryf die gebeure by die neuromuskulre aansluiting (verwys na vrystelling en verwydering van neurotransmitters, en reseptor aksie) . (7) Skryf n paar algemene aantekeninge oor die serebellum, met betrekking tot i) Sy rol. ii) Waarvandaan dit insette ontvang? iii) Waarheen dit gentegreerde uitsette stuur? (5) Vergelyk die algemene kenmerke van die somatiese, simpatiese en parasimpatiese afdelings van die efferente senuweesisteem (verwys na die aantal neurone, neurotransmitter, teiken weefsel en effek op die teiken, asook n opsomming van die funksie). (7) Wanneer n tand uitgetrek word, word bloedvate beskadig. Plaatjies sintetiseer en stel verskeie chemiese stowwe vry wat hemostase fasiliteer. Maak kort aantekeninge oor die betrokkenheid van plaatjies in hemostase. (6) [25]

c)

d)

a)

b) c)

a)

b) c)

A tooth can be divided into the following functional parts: enamel, dentin, cementum and pulp. Write notes on each of these components by describing the composition of each, naming the function(s) of each and also referring to the mineralization of each (where applicable). (20) What is meant by agonist-antagonist muscle pairing around a joint and what is the importance there of? (2) Briefly discuss muscles and joints as lever and fulcrum systems. Refer in your answer to the mechanical advantages and disadvantages of these lever and fulcrum systems in the body. (3) [25] n Tand kan verdeel word in die volgende funksionele dele: emalje, dentien, sementum en pulp. Skryf notas ook elk van hierdie komponente deur elkeen se samestelling te beskryf, die funksie(s) van elk te noem en ook te verwys na mineralisering van elk (waar van toepassing). (20) Wat word bedoel met agonis-antagonis spierparing rondom n gewrig en wat is die belang daarvan? (2) Bespreek kortliks spiere en gewrigte as hefboomstelsels. Verwys in u antwoord na die meganiese voordele en nadele van hierdie hefboomstelsels in die liggaam. (3) [25]

FCD(SA) Part I

THE COLLEGES OF MEDICINE OF SOUTH AFRICA

Incorporated Association not for gain Reg No 1955/000003/08

Part I Examination for the Fellowship of the College of Dentistry of South Africa

10 April 2013 Paper 3 (3 hours)

All questions are to be answered. Each question to be answered in a separate book (or books if more than one is required for the one answer) Al die vrae moet beantwoord word. Elke vraag moet in n aparte boek (of boeke indien meer as een nodig is vir n vraag) geskryf word

Discuss thrombosis under the following headings a) Pathogenesis. b) Fate of the thrombus. c) Clinical correlations of venous and arterial thrombi respectively. [25]

Bespreek trombose onder die volgende afdelings a) Patogenese. b) Uitkoms van die trombus. c) Kliniese korrelasies van onderskeidelik veneuse en arterile trombi. [25]

Write notes on a) Sjgren syndrome. b) Rheumatoid arthritis.

(10) (15) [25]

Skryf kort aantekeninge oor a) Sjgren sindroom. b) Reumatode artritis.

(10) (15) [25]

Discuss a) The oncogenic role of human papilloma virus. (10) b) The pathogenesis and clinicopathological manifestations of primary tuberculosis.(15) [25] Bespreek a) Die onkogeniese rol van menslike papilloom virus. b) Die patogenese en kliniespatologiese manifestasies van primre tuberkulose.

(10) (15) [25]

PTO/Page 2 Question 4

-24 Write short notes on the following a) Fat embolism. b) Teratoma. c) Dystrophic calcification. d) Metaplasia. e) Vascular complications of diabetes mellitus.

(5) (5) (5) (5) (5) [25]

Skryf kort aantekeninge oor a) Vetembolisme. b) Teratoom. c) Distrofiese verkalking. d) Metaplasie. e) Vaskulre komplikasies van diabetes mellitus.

(5) (5) (5) (5) (5) [25]