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Lecture 22: Flow in ducts, (Nozzles and diffusers) and wind tunnels(Contd.)
2
Flow in ducts with heating or cooling factors tending to produce continuous changes in the state of a flowing stream are (i) changes in cross-sectional area, (ii) wall friction and (iii) energy effects such as external heat exchange, combustion, or moisture condensation. Simple To change is difficult to achieve in practice. If To is changed through external heat exchange, the connection between the mechanisms of friction and of heat transfer assure that frictional effects will be present. Combustion change in mass rate, chemical composition Simple To change is an ideal case. With constant area and no friction, the momentum equation is p + u 2 = F
= constant
Continuity u =