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DSM Definition
What is DSM DSM is one of the strategies capable of offering a supplementary mode of action for SEBs that enables them to effectively manage increasing demands for electricity. DSM Objective The major long-term objectives of a utility's, DSM programme are to improve financial performance and customer relations
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Peak clipping Reduce peak demand at specific periods Reduces the need for installing additional power plants and reduce the operation costs of power stations. Direct control on equipment or through tariff. One of the most traditional means for load management
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Valley filling Increasing the load during off-peak hours. The long-term marginal production costs are less than the selling price of electricity. Increase energy consumption during off-peak hours; thermal storage facilities, special rates during off-peak hours. traditional means for load management
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Load shifting Shifting peak period loads to off-peak hours. Measures are related to heating and air-conditioning. Shifting load demands associated with thermal storage involves load shifting related to conventional electricity applications (building heating by electric convectors). traditional means for load management
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Strategic Conservation A load management activity, involves a decrease in sales as well as modifications in the way electricity is used. SEBs are unlikely to want a decrease in their sales. Non-traditional approaches.
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Strategic Growth Overall increase in sales through the development of new application (electric cars, microwave, automation). Non-traditional approaches. 7
Flexible load shape Can curtail a consumers load demand if needed. The customer must then produce his own electricity or use other energy sources to meet his demands. 8 Non-traditional approach.
First three traditional forms of load management is to level the load curve of general electricity demands. Three non-traditional approaches to load management share the same objective : making the load profile as consistent as possible. However, it should be noted that these methods cannot be systematically applied to all situations.
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Motors 74%
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Aluminium
Textile
Chloralkali
Petro chemical s
Fertilizer
Sugar
Paper
Cement
Energy consumpti on (million cal) Energy cost as a % of manufactu ring Scope of energy conservati on
30.1
52.5
20.0
5.8
112
100
26
67
40
13
3035
60
12
25
40
15-20
2025
15
15
10
20
20
10
14
Lighting
15
Lighting
20-50
Cooling
> 15 without efficient lighting measures; 80 with efficient lighting measures; average is 30
Ventilation
50
Heating
15-40
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End use
Energy-efficiency measures
Refrigeration
Multiplex unequal parallel compressors; advanced compressor cycles; variable-speed compressor controls
15-40
Water heating
Low-flow devices; insulation; heat traps; heat pump water heaters; heat recovery systems; integrated heat pump systems (with space conditioning equipment)
40-60
Miscellaneous
High-efficiency office equipment; high-efficiency motors and adjustable speed drives for elevators and escalators
10-30 17
Lighting Cooling/ ventilation Refrigeration Water-heating equipment Electric ranges/ ovens Miscellaneous equipment (TV sets)
Compact fluorescent lamps High-efficiency fan motors; whole house fans; programmable controllers High-efficiency refrigerators Efficient water heater tanks; increased tank insulation; low-flow devices thermal traps; heat pumps and solar water heaters Increased insulation; seals; improved heating elements, reflective pans; reduced thermal mass; reduced contact resistance Solid state television sets that use efficient electronic devices
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DSM applications : Scope and Potential in India Saving Potential in Agriculture Through Retrofitting
Reduction in energy consumption (%) (kWh per pump per year)
Code
Scope of rectification
R1
Low resistance foot-valve and low friction suction pipe of proper diameter
R2
R3
R4
80000
10000
5000 95000
20
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Identify measures
Choose Measures
Programme implementation Pilot programme Large-scale programme Management and follow-up Programme evaluation Process Market Impact
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Market research
Analysis of consumption and demand forecast How energy is being used
End-uses Heati ng Aircond itioni ng Dom estic wate r heati ng Light ing Refri gerat ion Coo king Dish and clothe s washin g __ __ __ Heatin g and filterin g of swim ming Pool Water S __ O Misc ellan eous
Peak clipping Valley Load shifting Strategic conservation Strategic increase Modulation
S _ _
S O S S O S
__ __ __
__ __ __
__ __ __
O O
O
O
O
S O O
S
O
O
__ __
O
__ __
O
O __
O
__ __
O
__ __
O
O O
Once the targeted end-users list is prepared. An inventory of the appropriate technologies to be used for each of the end-users in order to meet the established load objectives. This component is essential because a particular technology can be totally appropriate for a particular type of end-use and not necessarily produce the desired effects on the load-curve modification objectives. Once the most suitable technologies strategies are identified, complement available information about them with additional market survey Market survey will help to prepare an inventory of the technologies available on the local market, including information on how they are distributed
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Benefits of DSM
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Benefits of DSM
Utility economic benefits
Reduction in excess cost for meeting peak load requirement Reduction in Line Losses Increase in effective system capacity
CASE STUDY
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Power factor improvement at plant substation Conventional ballast's on FTLs by low loss ballast's GLS lamps by CFLs HPMV Vs HPSV Lighting voltage controller Soft starter/Energy saver Replacement of pump by high efficiency pump Replacement of fan by high efficiency fan
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User Savings Load reduction : 938.3 kVA Cost savings : Rs .12.39 la/yr Investment : Rs..28.99 la/yr SPB : 2.3 yr
Utility Savings Load reduction : 938.3 kVA Measure cost : Rs .35.60 Lakh CSC : 2663 Rs/kva