UniKL MALAYSIA FRANCE INSTITUTE AUTOMOTIVE MAINTENANCE TECHNOLOGY

SUBJECT: Workshop Technology TITLE: Power Tools

POWER TOOLS AND SHOP EQUIPMENT

A tool powered by electricity, compressed air, or hydraulic pressure is a power tool. They include electric drills, drill presses, air impact wrenches, air drills, and air ratchets. When you are doing any automotive service job, use the proper power tool whenever possible. This saves time and increases productivity. That may increase your income. Hand tools are too slow to meet or beat most time allowances in the flat rate manuals. The shop furnishes some e!uipment the technician uses in diagnosis and repair. This is shop e!uipment. "t includes power tools and machine tools, cranes and lifts, air compressors, and testers and analy#ers. Also included are wor$benches, holding fi%tures, cleaning e!uipment, and welding e!uipment. This chapter is divided into four parts, electric tools, pneumatic tools, hydraulic tools, and cleaning e!uipment. &ater chapters cover speciali#ed power tools and shop e!uipment.

BENCH VISE
The bench vise is a holding device mounted on a wor$bench. The vise has flat steel jaws that you can close to grip an object. Then the object does not move while you wor$ on it. Turning the handle of the vise moves the movable jaw toward or away from the stationary jaw. 'ometimes you must protect the surface of a part. (over the steel jaws with caps of soft metal, or soft jaws. 'ome vises have pipe jaws below the flat jaws. The pipe jaws are less li$ely to damage a pipe or other round object while holding it more securely than the flat jaws.

TYPES OF POWER TOOLS

There are three types of power tools) electric, pneumatic, and hydraulic. *lectric tools have electric motors. *%amples are the electric drill and drill press. The word pneumatic means +of or pertaining to air.+ ,neumatic tools operate by compressed air. They include air hammers, air impact wrenches, air ratchets, and air jac$s. The word hydraulic means +of or pertaining to a fluid or li!uid.+ Hydraulic tools wor$ because of pressure on a li!uid. These tools include hydraulic jac$s, shop cranes, hydraulic presses, and automotive lifts. -ollowing sections cover these various

Semester: 1 D r!tion: "

Session: P!ge: 1/9

UniKL MALAYSIA FRANCE INSTITUTE AUTOMOTIVE MAINTENANCE TECHNOLOGY

SUBJECT: Workshop Technology TITLE: Power Tools

types of power tools. .ever use any power tool or piece of shop e!uipment until after you have received instruction on when and how to use it your instructor must give you permission to begin.

ELECTRIC TOOLS ELECTRIC DRILL

The electric drill has an electric motor that drives a chuc$. This is a device with adjustable jaws that holds a tool in a machine. The chuc$ jaws are opened and a drill bit inserted. Turning a chuc$ $ey closes the jaws. They tightly grip the shan$ of the drill bit. /bserve the following cautions when using an electric drill) ". 0rill must be properly grounded through the third blade or ground terminal in the plug. 'ome drills are double insulated instead. 1. 0o not drag the drill by its cord. 0o not $in$ the cord, step on it, or run a vehicle or machine over it. This could damage the insulation. Then someone could get a dangerous electric shoc$. 2. 3eep your hands and clothes away from the rotating chuc$ and drill bit. 4. 3eep a firm grip on the drill. 5e ready to shut it off if the drill bit jams. 6. "f the bit jams, do not try to brea$ it free by turning the drill on and off. This can damage the drill. ,ull the drill bac$ to free it. 7. When you finish with the drill, disconnect it. Wipe it clean and put it away. 8ost drills have pre oiled bearings, which do not re!uire periodic lubrication.

DRILL PRESS
A drill press is a vertical drilling machine powered by an electric motor. (lamp the piece you are drilling to the table of the drill press. ,lace the drill bit in the chuc$. ,ull down on the hand operated feed lever. This moves the chuc$ down and forces the drill bit into the wor$ piece. Adjustments on the drill press set the hole depth and cutting speed. 9ou usually control the feed. The drill press cuts holes more accurately than a hand held electric drill.

Semester: 1 D r!tion: "

Session: P!ge: 1/9

UniKL MALAYSIA FRANCE INSTITUTE AUTOMOTIVE MAINTENANCE TECHNOLOGY

SUBJECT: Workshop Technology GRINDING WHEEL
The grinder mounts on a bench or pedestal. "t may have one grinding wheel and one wire wheel, or two grinding wheels. The grinding wheel also removes the mushroom from the head of a chisel or punch. /bserve the following (A:T"/.' when using a grinding wheel) ". 0o not hammer on the grinding wheel or apply e%cessive force against it. 1. 0o not grind on the side of the wheel. 2. 0o not adjust the tool rest while the grinder is running. 4. Watch for spar$s. They are hot and can burn you or set your clothing on rife. 6. 0o not touch the rotating wheel. "t removes s$in on contact. 7. Adjust the light to see clearly what you are doing. ;. When grinding a tool, do not overheat it. This will +draw the temper.+ The tool will get soft and not hold an edge. To prevent overheating, dip the tool in water repeatedly while grinding it. <. Always wear eye protection even if the wheel has an eye shield. 9. Always ma$e sure the safety guards and shields are in place and correctly adjusted. .ever operate a grinder that has any safety device removed.

TITLE: Power Tools

SOLDERING GUN
'oldering is a semi permanent metal joining process. Heat from the tip of an electric soldering iron or gun melts solder. This is a soft metal alloy or mi%ture of tin and lead. "t melts at a relatively low temperature. The shop solder is usually a spool of hollow wire containing a li!uid flu%. This cleans the surfaces being joined. :se rosin core solder for electrical wor$. This type of flu% prevents a coating forming from the heat. The coating prevents a good electrical connection. A variety of shop jobs re!uire soldering. These include replacing brushes and diodes in the alternator, and repairing a bro$en wire. After you connect or splice two wires together, solder the splice. Then wrap the splice and any bare wires or terminals with three layers of electrical tape. &ater chapters cover the precautions for wor$ing on automotive electrical systems and components.

Semester: 1 D r!tion: "

Session: P!ge: 1/9

UniKL MALAYSIA FRANCE INSTITUTE AUTOMOTIVE MAINTENANCE TECHNOLOGY

SUBJECT: Workshop Technology CORDLESS TOOLS
All the electric tools described above re!uire a cord connected to a shop electrical outlet. 'ometimes outlets are not available. /r you may not want a cord in the way. Then use a battery powered cordless tool. These include the cordless soldering gun, drill, and screw driver. The chuc$ on the cordless drill is the same as on the electric drill. "t ta$es the same drill bits and other tools. (ordless tools are not capable of continuous operation. As the battery discharges, the tool lac$s power and slows down. 'ome tools have a replaceable battery pac$. =emove it and put it in a charging stand for charging. /r install a spare battery bac$ that is $ept charged. /ther tools recharge when placed on their storage stand.

TITLE: Power Tools

PNEUMATIC TOOLS AIR COMPRESSOR AND AIR SUPPLY SYSTEM

The air compressor produces compressed air. The air supply system distributes the compressed air throughout the shop. The air compressor assembly is usually an air tan$ with an electric motor that drives a two cylinder air compressor. When the pressure in the tan$ falls below a preset limit, the motor automatically starts running. The compressor then forces more air into the air tan$ to rebuild the pressure. This reserve of compressed air is ready to power the air operated tools and e!uipment in the shop. -le%ible air hose connects from the !uic$ disconnect on the shop air line to the air tool. Air hose also supplies com pressed air to inflate tires and for blowguns.

AIR TOOLS
,neumatic tools or air tools give either rotary or reciprocating >bac$ and forth? motion. 9ou need rotary motion to turn nuts and bolts, and to spin a drill bit. 9ou need reciprocating motion to drive a cutting or hammering tool. These include a cutter, chisel, hammer, or punch.

Semester: 1 D r!tion: "

Session: P!ge: 1/9

UniKL MALAYSIA FRANCE INSTITUTE AUTOMOTIVE MAINTENANCE TECHNOLOGY

SUBJECT: Workshop Technology CAUTIONS ON OPERATING AIR TOOLS
Air tools operate on compressed air supplied by the shop air system. /bserve the following (A:T"/.' when using an air tool) ". Air no##les or blowguns should have a diffuser. "t reduces the outlet pressure to less than 2@ A psi B1@; $,aC. This safety device is re!uired by law and helps reduce the ris$ of personal injury. 1. .ever use the blowgun to blow dust off your clothes and never point it at anyone. The air pressure can drive dust particles at high Dpeed. They can penetrate the flesh or eyes. High pressure air hitting an open wound can force air into the blood stream. This can result in deathE 2. .ever loo$ into the air outlet of a pneumatic tool. 4. .ever operate an air hammer without a bit installed. This can damage the tool. 6. .ever blow clean bra$e or clutch parts. This could put asbestos dust into the air. :se a vacuum cleaner with a H*,A filter.

TITLE: Power Tools

AIR HAMMER
The air hammer produces a reciprocating >bac$ and forth? motion to drive a hammering or cutting tool. 8any different types of bits and tools attach to the air hammer. These include chisels, cutters, punches, and separators.

AIR IMPACT WRENCH

The air impact wrench produces a high tor!ue rotary >spinning? motion. This pounding or impact force loosens or tightens nuts and bolts. 8oving a reversing button or lever changes the direction of rotation. The most common impact wrenches have a F/1 inch or 2/< inch drive lug. Hand tool soc$ets will fit, but only heavier impact soc$ets should be used. /bserve the following (A:T"/.' when using an impact wrench) ". Always uses impact soc$ets of the correct si#e. Hand tool soc$ets will Gpound out+ and may brea$. 1. Hold the impact wrench soc$et fits s!uarely on the nut or bolt. Apply a slight forward force to hold the soc$et in place.

Semester: 1 D r!tion: "

Session: P!ge: 1/9

UniKL MALAYSIA FRANCE INSTITUTE AUTOMOTIVE MAINTENANCE TECHNOLOGY

SUBJECT: Workshop Technology TITLE: Power Tools

2. /nce a nut or bolt tightens, never impact it beyond an additional one half turn. 4. :se a tor!ue wrench or tor!ue angle gauge for final tightening. 6. 'oa$ rusty nuts or bolts with penetrating oil before impacting them.

AIR DRILL
An air drill does the same job as an electric drill. However, the air drill has an air motor. This ma$es the tool lighter than an electric drill. =epeated stalls and overloads do not overheat or damage the air motor. The same drill bits are used in air drills as in electric drills.

AIR RATCHET
Air ratchets are similar to hand tool ratchets, but operate faster. They are available in F/4 , 2/< , and F/1 inch drive. Air ratchets apply less force than an impact wrench. This allows them to use hand toot soc$ets.

CARE OF AIR TOOLS

.ever drag around an air tool by its hose. .ever drop an air tool on the floor or otherwise abuse the tool. When not in use, disconnect the air tool from the air hose. ,ut the tool away in its storage place. &ubricate the air tool every day before using it. Apply three or four s!uirts of air tool oil into the nipple closest to the tool. Then connect the air hose to the nipple and operate the tool. This lubricates the internal parts. "t also flushes out dirt and moisture.

PNEUMATIC JACKS AND END LIFTS

There are many types of pneumatic jac$s and end lifts. They use compressed air to raise one corner, end, or side of the car. 'ome lift under the front or rear bumper. /thers lift under the a%le housing or other lift points. /pening the air valve sends compressed air into the pneumatic cylinder. This causes the ram to e%tend and raise the vehicle. =eversing the lever e%hausts the air. Then the vehicle settles bac$ to the floor.

Semester: 1 D r!tion: "

Session: P!ge: 1/9

UniKL MALAYSIA FRANCE INSTITUTE AUTOMOTIVE MAINTENANCE TECHNOLOGY

SUBJECT: Workshop Technology HYDRAULIC TOOLS HYDRAULIC JACKS
The automotive shop uses a variety of hydraulic jac$s. /ne type is the portable floor jac$. ,umping the handle increases the pressure in the hydraulic cylinder. This causes the ram to e%tend and raise the lifting saddle. Turning the top of the handle or moving a lever on the handle releases the pressure. Then the saddle and load settle bac$ down. Always lift at the proper lift point under the vehicle. "f in doubt, refer to the vehicle manufacturerGs service manual. &ifting at the wrong points can cause vehicle damage.

TITLE: Power Tools

SHOP CRANE
The hydraulic shop crane lifts and transports heavy objects. /ne use is removing the engine from the vehicle. The crane operates hydraulically by pumping the handle. HYDRAULIC PRESS To operate the hydraulic press, pump the handle on the hydraulic cylinder up and down. This increases the pressure on the ram. "t then e%erts a much greater force against the part it is touching. This force can straighten bent parts or remove and install press fit parts. These include bushings, bearings, bra$e drum studs, piston pins, and rivets. The press can do many other jobs re!uiring a high and steady force. 'ome shops have an arbor press. "t is a hand operated press that applies only a light force.

AUTOMOTIVE LIFTS
Automotive lifts are in ground lifts or surface lifts. "n ground lifts may be single post or double post. 5oth types re!uire e%cavation of the ground for installation of hydraulic cylinders. 'urface lifts bolt to the shop floor. "f a lift has movable arms, position the lift pads before raising the vehicle. Hehicle service manuals show the lift points on the underbody, frame, and suspension.

Semester: 1 D r!tion: "

Session: P!ge: 1/9

UniKL MALAYSIA FRANCE INSTITUTE AUTOMOTIVE MAINTENANCE TECHNOLOGY

SUBJECT: Workshop Technology TITLE: Power Tools

8any models of in ground and surface lifts are available. =efer to the lift manufacturerGs operating instructions for information about the lift you are using. 'ome surface lifts are the drive on type. 9ou drive the vehicle onto two metal trac$s. 8oving the lift control causes an air or electric motor to operate a hydraulic pump. "t sends li!uid under pressure to the hydraulic cylinder. As the ram or post e%tends from the cylinder, the vehicle goes up.

CLEANING EQUIPMENT VACUUM CLEANER

8any shops have a shop vacuum cleaner. "ts uses include cleaning floors and vehicle interiors after service wor$. .ever use this vacuum cleaner to clean clutch and bra$e assemblies. The filter will not trap asbestos dust on clutch and bra$e parts. -or this, use a special vacuum cleaner with a High *fficiency ,articulate Air >H*,A? filter.

PARTS CLEANERS
'ervicing automobiles re!uires clean parts. *ven an e%perienced technician cannot always tell if a dirty part is defective. Also, if the parts are dirty, the dirt may ruin a rebuild or overhaul job. ,arts cleaning are so important that many technicians will not let anyone else clean the parts they are wor$ing on. "t is during the cleaning process that clues to the cause of the trouble often show up. -ollowing sections describe cleaning e!uipment used in automotive shops.

SOLVENT TANK
=emove old gas$ets and thic$ deposits on parts with a putty $nife, scraper, and wire brush. Then final clean by washing and degreasing the part in the solvent tan$. "t contains solvent, which is a cold li!uid cleaner. 5rush or spray the solvent on the dirty part. An electric pump in the tan$ provides the spray. -or soa$ing, place parts in a tray or bas$et and lower it into the solvent. This loosens and dissolves some deposits. 'trainers, filters, and sediment trays help $eep the solvent clean. Always remove thic$ deposits before placing the dirty part in the tan$. Then use solvent

Semester: 1 D r!tion: "

Session: P!ge: 1/9

UniKL MALAYSIA FRANCE INSTITUTE AUTOMOTIVE MAINTENANCE TECHNOLOGY

SUBJECT: Workshop Technology TITLE: Power Tools

along with a bristle brush and scraper to remove the remaining deposits. Wash and rinse off the parts with the spray from the no##le.

SPRAY WASHERS
*ngine bloc$s and transmission cases are too large to clean in a solvent tan$. These and other large parts may be cleaned in a spray washer. ,lace the part on the turntable and close the washer. (leaning occurs as the pressuri#ed spray of hot cleaning solution hits the rotating part. Washing, rinsing, and drying cycles are automatically controlled.

Semester: 1 D r!tion: "

Session: P!ge: 1/9