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Auxiliaries for the coating of surfaces Licowax and Ceridust

Paints and Coatings

> Auxiliaries for the coating of surfaces > Licowax and Ceridust

Contents
Function of waxes Product range Properties Test methods Application General information on the processing of waxes Ceridust and water-based Coatings UV reactive waxes Examples of formulations for special applications Safety data Transport and storage Suppliers 4 8 10 14 14

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21 22

23 28 30 31

Function of waxes
Waxes are incorporated in paints and coatings to achieve or improve the following properties:

Matting

Improving mar resistance

Enhancing antiblocking behaviour

Improving sandability

Improving slip

Improving handle

Ester waxes based on crude montan wax

Licowax KLE

Polyethylene waxes
Licowax PE 520 Licowax PED 521 Licowax PED 522

Ceridust
Ceridust 3620 Ceridust 9615 A Ceridust 6721 Ceridust 3715 Ceridust 2440 Ceridust 3719 Ceridust 9610 F Ceridust 9630 F Ceridust 3920 F TP Ceridust 3921 F Ceridust 9325 F

Outstandingly effective

Good effectiveness in most formulations

Improving smoothness

Steering rheological properties

Preventing pigment settling

Water repellency

Preventing metal marking

Orientation agent for effect pigments

Texturing

Matting

Improving Enhancing mar resistance antiblocking behaviour

Improving sandability

Improving slip

Improving handle

Ceridust
TP Ceridust 9322 F Ceridust 3910 Ceridust 5551 TP Ceridust 5091 TP Ceridust 5851 R Ceridust 9202 F Ceridust 9205 F TP Ceridust 6050 M

Waxes based on other raw materials

Licowax C micropowder Licowax 371 FP Licowax R 21

Outstandingly effective

Good effectiveness in most formulations

Improving smoothness

Steering rheological properties

Preventing pigment settling

Water repellency

Preventing metal marking

Orientation agent for effect pigments

Texturing

Product range
Waxes and wax micropowders based on raw montan wax Licowax KLE is an ester wax which already contains the optimum amount of emulsifier.
Ceridust 5551 is a micronized ester wax. Due to its polar character it is best suited for use in aqueous systems.

Waxes and wax micropowders based on polyethylene wax Licowax PE 520 is a colorless, odourless, hard, partially branched-chain polyethylene wax of low density.
Because of its molecular structure Licowax PE 520 has a pronounced matting effect on paint. It is readily dispersible in hot solvent and produces fine dispersions with good resistance to settling.

Licowax PED 521 and Licowax PED 522 are partially branched-chain polar polyethylene waxes. The Ceridust grades are micropowders produced by a special process. Ceridust 3620 is a linear, hard polyethylene wax. Ceridust 9615 A is a modified linear polyethylene wax. Ceridust 6721 is a new brand of a PP blend offering good matting and outstanding soft-feel effect.

Ceridust 3715 and 3719 are noted for their excellent wettability by water or other polar solvents. Ceridust 9610 F, Ceridust 9630 F, Ceridust 9325 F and TP Ceridust 9322 F are hard polyethylene waxes of linear structure whose effect is optimized by polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). They are noted for excellent slip. Ceridust 3920 F and TP Ceridust 3921 F are PTFE modified polyethylene waxes with a very low average particle size diameter of approx. 6.0 m. Therefore they are especially suitable for improving the surface lubricity and slip properties in thin film applications. The Ceridust grades can be finely dispersed in paints of different systems simply and with little mechanical energy.

Waxes and wax micropowders based on other raw materials Licowax C micropowder is a hard highmelting-point amide wax that can be easily ground and dispersed owing to its brittleness.
Ceridust 3910 is an especially finegrain micropowder based on amide wax; it can be processed with ease due to its small particle size. Both wax micropowders exhibit slip which is advantageous in deformation and sanding work. The Ceridust grades 9202 F and 9205 F are a low molecular weight PTFE characterized by antisticking properties and a related surface effect. Licowax 371 FP is a flexible polymer with waxlike properties and has proved effective as an anti-settling agent for pearl-gloss pigments for example. Licowax R 21 is a saponified hydrocarbon wax which forms particularly small particle size and stable dispersions in organic solvents.

Properties1)
Particle size 2), Average analytical values % 50 % value m 90 % value m d90 d50 Ester waxes based on crude montan wax
Licowax KLE 85

Drop point C

Polyethylene Waxes
Licowax PE 520 Licowax PED 521 Licowax PED 522 120 106 105

Ceridust
Ceridust 3620 Ceridust 9615 A Ceridust 6721 Ceridust 3715 Ceridust 2440 Ceridust 3719 Ceridust 9610 F Ceridust 9630 F Ceridust 3920 F TP Ceridust 3921 F Ceridust 9325 F 8.5 6.5 7.0 8.5 8.5 13.0 8.5 8.5 6.0 6.0 8.5 13.0 12.0 13.0 14.0 13.0 22.0 15.0 15.0 10.0 10.0 15.0 125 140 154 125 116 116 125 130 * 125 125 125

The delivery specifications are given in the relevant data sheets.

1) = The DGF standard methods can be obtained from the Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Birkenwaldstrasse 44, D-70191 Stuttgart-N. Slight deviations may occur when testing to DIN or ASTM standards. 2) = Laser diffraction method

* = Softening point

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Acid value mg KOH/g

Saponification value mg KOH/g

Density at 23 C g/cm 3

Color

Form supplied

30

105

1.01

yellowish

flakes

0 17 25

0.93 0.95 0.96

white almost white almost white

powder, granules, grain 3) flakes flakes

0 3 4 4 4 18 0 3 1 0 0

0.97 0.99 0.95 0.97 0.95 0.98 1.00 1.10 1.00 1.04 1.02

white white white white white white white white white white white

micronized powder micronized powder micronized powder micronized powder micronized powder micronized powder micronized powder micronized powder micronized powder micronized powder micronized powder

3) = Fine grain: up to about 2 mm with no restrictions on the fineness content.

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Particle size 2), Average analytical values % 50 % value m 90 % value m d90 d50 Ester waxes based on crude montan wax
TP Ceridust 9322 F Ceridust 3910 Ceridust 5551 TP Ceridust 5091 TP Ceridust 5851 R Ceridust 9202 F Ceridust 9205 F TP Ceridust 6050 M 6.0 6.5 8.5 9.0 9.0 4.0 8.0 8.5 10.0 12.0 14.0 14.0 15.0 8.0 18.0 14.0

Drop point C

125 142 98 113 77 327 ** 326 ** 145

Waxes based on other raw materials

Licowax C micropowder Licowax 371 FP Licowax R 21 < 50.0 142 101 106

The delivery specifications are given in the relevant data sheets.

2) = Laser diffraction method

* = Softening point ** = Melting point, test method: differential scanning calorimetry

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Acid value mg KOH/g

Saponification value mg KOH/g

Density at 23 C g/cm 3

Color

Form supplied

0 6 15 10 16 0 0 0

1.02 1.00 1.00 1.02 1.02 2.20 2.20 0.89

white white yellowish yellowish yellowish white almost white white

micronized powder micronized powder micronized powder micronized powder micronized powder micronized powder micronized powder micronized powder

6 21 5

1.00 0.96 0.94

white almost white white

micropowder flakes flakes

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Test methods
Drop point Softening point Acid value Saponification value Density
DIN 51 801/2 ASTM D 127 DIN EN 1427 ASTM E 28 / D 36 DIN EN ISO 3682 ASTM D 1386 DIN EN ISO 3681 ASTM D 1387 DIN 53 479 ASTM D 1505 Ceridust 9615 A and Ceridust 6721 can be stirred cold direct into the paint or added as concentrate. It is suitable as sole matting agent for nitrocellulose lacquer and acid-curing paints. For two-pack polyurethane paint we recommend blends of Ceridust 9615 A or Ceridust 6721 and silica. Fig.1 (page 16) shows the different settling behaviour of matting agents.

Matting The so-called matt effect of paints and other surface coatings is produced by a large number of microscopically small particles that reflect the incident light diffusely. The particle size is of crucial importance. Particles visible to the eye with a diameter of >20 m do not produce a good matt effect.
The ideal particle size is about 10 m. Particles with a diameter <1 m usually produce only a slight matt effect. Licowax PE 520 is suitable for the matting of both nitrocellulose lacquer and acid-curing paints. It can be incorporated either by hot precipitation into the cold paint or as a solvent dispersion.

Application
The mode of action of the Licowax and Ceridust grades summarized in section Function of Waxes opens up many uses for these products in the paint and coatings sector.

Improving mar resistance Waxes are generally suitable for improving the mar resistance of almost all paint systems. Whether to use a wax precipitated from a solution or a micronized wax depends on the film thickness of the coating. Ceridust 3715, 5551 and 3719 work well in aqueous systems. Licowax C micropowder and Ceridust 3910 produce good effects in decorative paints. In coil-coating paints, surface properties such as antifriction and mar resistance, metal marking and slip are markedly improved through the use of Ceridust 9205 F. For these paints, Ceridust 9205 F is mixed with a micronized polyethylene wax such as Ceridust 3620 in a ratio of 1:2 to 1:3 depending upon the desired properties, however, additional quantities should not exceed 1% of this combination.

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Enhancing antiblocking behaviour The micronized waxes Ceridust 9615 A, Ceridust 6721, Ceridust 9610 F and Ceridust 9630 F have proved particularly successful in producing an antiblocking effect in solvent-containing paints. Ceridust 9615 A exhibits the smallest and Ceridust 9630 F the greatest effect.
Ceridust 3920 F and TP Ceridust 3921 F are primarily suitable for can and coil coatings where low COF is required. A special grade of PTFE will impart superior slip and anti-blocking properties.

Improving sandability In lacquers based on polyurethane, in acid-curing lacquers and furniture lacquers based on nitrocellulose, the addition of Licowax C micropowder has proved successful in improving the sandability of primers. So that the wax can function optimally, it should first be dispersed in a solvent suited to the recipe with the help of a bead mill, for example (see page 24). Influencing the rheological properties Licowax PED 521 and Licowax PED 522 have proved highly successful for preventing sagging and running of alkyd resin paints (page 25).

Preventing pigment settling Even small quantities of Ceridust 9615 A 0.5 % to 1.5 % relative to the binder delay the settlement of pigments and fillers to form a hard sediment. Sediments do form after some time but are easily redispersed. An even more effective way of preventing settling is to use Licowax PE 520 as a 10 % dispersion. Preparation of the dispersion is described under Preparation of a wax dispersion on page 18.
In order to improve the settling behaviour of pearl-gloss pigments, Licowax 371 FP can be used and is added as a 6 % dispersion to the paint system. Preparation of this dispersion is described on page 15 in section Licowax 371 FP.

Preventing metal markings No metal markings of any kind may occur when metal tools are used on coated steel strip (coil-coated metal). This is achieved by adding Ceridust 9610 F, Ceridust 9630 F, Ceridust 3920 F or TP Ceridust 3921 F. These Ceridust grades have proved successful with highly matt coil coatings. Furthermore, the painted surface should be as insensitive as possible, so that in everyday domestic use contact with metallic objects does not leave any marks (table 1). Superior surface slip Ceridust 9325 F and TP Ceridust 9322 F are modified PE wax/PTFE blends that are primarily suitable for giving additional surface slip. The very low mean particle size diameter of only 6 m makes TP Ceridust 9322 F extremely valuable for any thin film application.

Making paints water-repellent Ceridust 9615 A is suitable for making protective wood finishes and protective wood stains water-repellent. 2 % to 6 % of the product incorporated in the finished paint give the film good water repellency at the initial drying stage; in addition excellent film smoothness is achieved (page 25).

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Incorporation at 3000 rpm in min

Matting agent content in %

Matting agent
Ceridust 9615 A Silica Ceridust 9615 A and Silica 1:1 Ceridust 9615 A*
Figure 1: Settling behaviour of matting agents in a nitrocellulose lacquer. Observation period 4 weeks. * In nitrocellulose lacquer, 20 % predispersed

1 2 3 4 5 6

15 60 15 60 15 15

2 2 2 2 2 2

Paint stoved 10 min. at 80C Metal marking by Brass Copper Gold Aluminium

Paint without wax Paint with wax

1 % Ceridust 9610 F 2 % Ceridust 9610 F 3 % Ceridust 9610 F 1 % Ceridust 9630 F 2 % Ceridust 9630 F 3 % Ceridust 9630 F 1 % Ceridust 3920 F 2 % Ceridust 3920 F 3 % Ceridust 3920 F

4 2 2 ... 3 3 ... 4 1 ... 2 2 4 2 2 ... 3

4 2 2 3 ... 4 1 ... 2 2 4 2 2
Assessment: 1 = No metal marking 2 = Trace of metal marking 3 = Slight metal marking

2 1 1 2 1 1 ... 2 2 1 1
4 = Some metal marking 5 = Distinct metal marking The quantities added are relative to the total formulation.

2 1 1 ... 2 2 1 1 ... 2 2 1 1 ... 2

Table 1 Test results with a paint recommended chiefly for painting refrigerators and washing machines.

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Paint stoved 10 min at 140C Brass Copper Gold Aluminium

3 2 2 ... 3 2 ... 3 1 ... 2 2 3 2 2 ... 3

2 2 2 2 1 ... 2 2 2 2 2

2 1 1 2 1 1 ... 2 2 1 1

1 1 1 ... 2 1 1 1 ... 2 1 1 1 ... 2

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General information on the processing of waxes

The waxes described here are insoluble at room temperature in the common paint solvents. They dissolve only at elevated temperatures in aromatic and a number of aliphatic solvents, mainly nonpolar hydrocarbons. When the wax/solvent mixture cools, the wax precipitates with varying degrees of crystallinity and remains finely dispersed in the solvent. By altering the type and quantity of the components and the dispersion method, it is possible to vary the dispersing operation considerably so as to achieve differences in the structure of the particles and the degree of dispersion and thus in the consistency of the dispersion. Similar fine dispersions can be produced using Ceridust without hot precipitation. These micronized powders offer the following advantages: > No heating of wax and solvent required. > No solvent vapours arise. > The risk of fire is reduced to a minimum. > Necessary dispersing machines are in operation for a short time only, thus saving time and energy. > Processing is environmentally safe.

The following methods are suitable:

Additions of 1% to 5 % wax, relative to the ready-to-use paint, have proved successful in practice. Higher additions are likely to cause impairment of the paint film in the form of chalking, cratering, pinholing and deterioration of recoating properties and intercoat adhesion.

Licowax PE 520 The Licowax PE 520, which is supplied in the form of granules, fine grain and powder, cannot be incorporated directly into paint systems. It is necessary first to produce fine wax particles by dissolving and precipitating the product.

> Hot precipitation Heat 2 parts by weight Licowax PE 520 with 18 parts by weight solvent, mainly composed of aromatics, to about 100 C; the resultant solution must be clear. Stir this solution into 80 parts by weight cold paint. With this procedure the wax is precipitated in the paint in a very finely dispersed form and has hardly any tendency to settle. > Preparation of a wax dispersion An approx. 10 % dispersion in xylene can be prepared by the following simple method: Heat 10 parts by weight Licowax PE 520 and 30 parts by weight xylene to about 100 C, thereby dissolving the wax. After cooling the solution to about 96 C stir into 60 parts by weight cold xylene. 1% to 5 % wax in the paint is recommended depending on the matt effect required.

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Licowax PED 521, Licowax PED 522 Dissolve 20 to 30 parts by weight Licowax PED 521 or Licowax PED 522 at about 90 C in 80 to 70 parts by weight xylene or white spirit. Cool the hot solution to room temperature with slight stirring and incorporate in the paint (page 25). Licowax 371 FP Heat 6 parts by weight Licowax 371 FP and 30 parts by weight xylene to 100 C and cool while stirring to 75 C. After reaching this temperature, the solution is diluted with 64 parts by weight butyl acetate 98/100 % while stirring and cooled to room temperature. The wax content in the finished paint should be about 1-2 %.

Ceridust 9615 A, Ceridust 6721 The micronized powders can be stirred directly into the paint. A minimum mixing time of 15 minutes is advisable to ensure satisfactory wetting of the individual wax particles (page 22).
However, it is expedient first to prepare a stock paste. It is sufficient to admix 20-30 % Ceridust micropowder with a suitable solvent and to stir the batch for about 15 minutes. Very homogeneous dispersions with good stability to settling are obtained by the additional use of a small amount of binder. This procedure is particularly recommended when other paint additives such as silica are also included in the paint formulation.

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Ceridust 3910 Ceridust 3910 has very fine particles. It can be stirred slowly direct into the paint system (normally 1 % to 2 %). The stirring time should be at least 10 minutes. Subsequent thickening of such dispersions may occur. In this case the viscosity can be lowered by stirring again thoroughly. Licowax C micropowder Very fine dispersions with a maximum solids content of 15 % and an average particle size of about 3.5 m can be produced by dispersing Licowax C micropowder in the appropriate solvent in a bead, sand or ball mill.

Ceridust 9610 F, Ceridust 9630 F, Ceridust 3920 F, TP Ceridust 3921 F, Ceridust 9325 F, TP Ceridust 9322 F Like all Ceridust grades, these products can be stirred directly into the paint system. An addition of 0.8 to 1.5 % by weight is sufficient in view of the high efficacy of the different PTFE contents of the Ceridust grades 9610 F, 9630 F, 3920 F, 3921 F, 9325 F and 9322 F. The mixing time should be at least 15 minutes to achieve adequate wetting of the individual wax particles.
Ceridust 9630 F in particular, with its higher PTFE content, should be mixed in the form of a masterbatch into the binder and then added to the paint. In a highly mobile paint Ceridust 9630 F tends to settle because of its higher density.

Ceridust 9202 F, Ceridust 9205 F These pure PTFE grades can be processed similarly to Ceridust 9630 F. Quantity added: 0.3 to 0.8 % by weight.

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Ceridust and waterbased Coatings

Ceridust 3715, Ceridust 2440, Ceridust 3719 and Ceridust 5551 These grades are micronized powders with improved wetting properties specially developed for water-thinnable paints and aqueous systems. The following methods are suitable for incorporating them in paints and surface coatings:
Stir direct into the paint system; the mixing time should be at least 15 minutes. In case that co-solvent is used as part of the water-based coating formulation the dispersion of the micronized wax can be improved by preparing a highly concentrated wax dispersion which will then be subsequently added to the formulation. This procedure ensures an adequate wetting of the wax particles and avoids high shear forces for the binder system as these systems can be shear sensitive. Trials have proven that solvents like butylglycol, butyldiglycol, and DPM are ideal for the dispersing of the mentioned micronized waxes. Depending on the solvent and type of wax concentrations of approx. 40 % are possible without the use of any additves. In the case of pigmented systems, Ceridust is processed together with the pigments and fillers. A stirring time of 15 minutes is generally sufficient for adequate wetting of the wax particles. If the dry film thickness of the coating, especially in can coating and metal decoration, is to be < 12 m, it is advisable to disperse the wax in the appropriate binder/solvent mixture by means of a bead mill or similar machine. 20 % to 30 % wax preparations can be produced. If wetting is inadequate, it should be borne in mind that Ceridust 3715, 2440 or 3719 tend to cream in aqueous systems and not to settle as in solventcontaining systems.

Since many water-thinnable binders are alkaline or have to be adjusted with amines to a pH of 8 to 9, foaming of varying degrees of severity may occur when Ceridust is stirred in. If the coating contains too much foam, film defects occur when it is applied. In this case a silicone-free defoamer has to be added. The quantities to be added must be determined in preliminary trials.

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UV reactive waxes
TP Ceridust 5091, TP Ceridust 5851 R TP Ceridust 5091 and TP Ceridust 5851 R feature an entirely new wax chemistry by making Montan ester waxes UV reactive. Thus this newly designed micronized waxes are enable to polymerize in any given UV cured coating system. As the wax is linked to the polymer matrix there is little to no migration to the surface of the coating. The benefits of this new technology are long lasting improvement of scratch and mar resistance, slip and abrasion resistance and inreased water and chemical resistance. TP Ceridust 5851 R can improve the already excellent matting properties of TP Ceridust 5091 due to a unique blend of UV reactive wax and a specialty matting ingredient.
The following test results underpin the superior performance of UV reactive waxes vs. non-reactive standard waxes in UV cured systems.
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
without wax Ceridust 9615 A Ceridust 6721 TP Ceridust 5091 TP Ceridust 5851 R

Figure 3: Matting of UV cured coating (60). Wet film thickness 12 m, curing speed 10 m / min (mercury vapor lamp 160 watt), wax content 4 % on total formulation.

1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0

without wax Ceridust 9615 A Ceridust 6721 TP Ceridust 5091 TP Ceridust 5851 R

measurement weight 1.805 kg

UV curable topcoat with 100% solids content

Guide formulation

Figure 4: Coefficient of Friction UV cured coating. Wet film thickness 12 m, curing speed 10 m / min (mercury vapor lamp 160 watt), wax content 4 % on total formulation.

Water-based UV curable coatings

Laromer LR 9007 (BASF) Laromer LR 8967 (BASF) Talkum 10 MOOS Syloid 162 C (Grace) Wax (Clariant) Tego Airex (Tego) Irgacure 500 (Ciba) Parts by weight 62.0 21.5 3.0 7.0 3.0 0.5 3.0 100.0 On top of the UV reactive micronized waxes also non-reactive waxes can be successfully applied to water-based UV curable coatings. Particularly the polar modified micronized waxes like Ceridust 3715, 2440 and 5551 show excellent effects. These grades feature an effective matting effect, better surface slip and improved scratch resistance.

UV curable water-based coating

Guide formulation Bayhydrol UV VP LS 2282 Dehydran 1293 (Cognis) Irgacure 500 (Ciba) Byk 348 (Byk) Wasser SchwegoPUR (Schwegmann) Parts by weight 60.0 0.8 0.5 0.5 37.3 0.9 100.0

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Examples of formulations for special applications

Matting
Nitrocellulose lacquers Nitrocellulose lacquers, whose main component is cellulose nitrate, are still used on a wide scale for furniture lacquers. The matting agent used in these lacquers is almost exclusively wax. The most important products for this purpose are Licowax PE 520, Ceridust 9615 A and Ceridust 6721.
When low-viscosity curtain-coating paints are manufactured, it is advisable to incorporate Licowax PE 520 by hot precipitation (page 18). Ceridust 9615 A or Ceridust 6721 are better suited to paints applied by spray or brush. It tends to settle out slightly when left to stand for some time but can be readily redispersed by stirring. To prevent settling out as far as possible it is advisable to use 5 % of a 10 % dispersion with Licowax PE 520.

Frequently the tendency of Ceridust 9615 A or Ceridust 6721 to settle is due to inadequate wetting of the individual wax particles. In this case we recommend that a paint /wax concentrate should be prepared. The following procedure is recommended: incorporate 25 to 30 parts by weight Ceridust in 75 to 70 parts by weight of the paint to be matted and continue to stir until a homogeneous paste is obtained.

After being allowed to stand for 10 to 26 hours this paste is diluted with the paint in question or is added to the paint to be matted. Guide formulation Nitrocellulose wool E 510 Dioctyl phthalate (DOP) Vialkyd+ AC 371/70 X Alresat + KM 313 Butyl acetate Ethyl acetate n-Butanol Xylene Parts by weight 12 1 5 2 10 25 15 30 100

Gloss 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 0.5 1.0 2.0 p. Wax 3.0 4.0

without the addition of wax

Ceridust 9615 A

Licowax PE 520 10 % dispersion

Figure 2: NC lacquer Wet film thickness 60 m Gloss 60.

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Polyurethane finishes > One-pack system It is difficult to produce a flatting effect in one-component polyurethane finishes with wax only. The basic flatting effect is best produced with silica, after which Ceridust 9615 A, Ceridust 6721 or Ceridust 5551 should be added to improve film properties such as handle, scratch resistance and smoothness. > Two-pack system A finer silk-finish effect can be achieved in two-component polyurethane coatings with Ceridust 9615 A, Ceridust 6721 or Ceridust 5551. Film properties such as handle, scratch resistance and smoothness are also enhanced.
Guide formulation

Mixing ratio component A:component B 3:1 Binder content approx. 40 % Degree of crosslinking approx. 1 Efflux time at 23 C, DIN cup 4 mm, DIN 53 211 approx. 20 sec. Drying at room temperature of a 150 m thick wet film approx. 40 min.

Hardener p-toluene sulphonic acid Phosphoric acid butyl ester Butanol Parts by weight

0.60 0.40 9.00 10.00

Mixing ratio stock paint : hardener 10 : 1 Tack-free drying approx. 15 min. Efflux time at 23 C, DIN cup 4 mm, DIN 53 211 approx. 40 sec.

Acid-curing paints The quantity of wax and method of incorporation are similar to those described in detail on page 18 dealing with nitrocellulose lacquers.
Guide formulation (white, silk-sheen curtain-coating paint) Note: can also be force-dried, e.g. 5 min. 120 C

Guide formulation (colorless silk-sheen paint) Note: Two-pack system with good body for furniture

Desmophen solution (component A) Desmophen+ 1300 75 % solution in xylene 32.0 Nitrocellulose chips E 510 1.5 Ethyl acetate 10.4 Butyl acetate 11.0 Methoxypropyl acetate 10.8 Xylol 8.9 Acronal 4L 0.2 Baysilone OL 17 0.2 Parts by weight 75.0 Desmodur solution (component B) Desmodur + IL 14.2 Desmodur L 75 9.4 Xylol 1.4 Parts by weight 25.0

Stock paint Vialkyd+ AM 421/80 IP Titanium dioxide RN 59 Ceridust 9615 A Viamin+ HF 164/70 IB Collodium wool H 33 45 % solution in methylisobutyl ketone Dibutyl phthalate No air liquid+ Methoxypropylacetate Butyl acetate Isopropanol Additol VXL 6245 Xylol Parts by weight

Stock paint Vialkyd AM 421/80 IP Viamin HF 164/70 IB Additol VXL 6245 Ceridust 9615 A Xylol Butyl acetate Parts by weight Hardener p-toluene sulphonic acid Ethanol Parts by weight

49.40 28.30 0.30 1.00 16.50 4.50 100.00

23.00 23.00 1.65 25.00

1.35 8.65 10.00

5.70 1.00 0.65 1.00 10.00 3.00 0.30 5.70 100.00

Mixing ratio stock paint : hardener 10:1 Tack-free drying approx. 10 min. Efflux time at 23 C, DIN cup 4 mm, DIN 53 211 approx. 70 sec.

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Paints drying by oxidation Waxes are not very suitable as the sole matting agents for oleoresinous and alkyd paints. However they can be used to improve substantially the mar resistance of high-gloss alkyd resin paints. This is done by adding 2 % to 4 % Ceridust 9615 A, Ceridust 6721 or Ceridust 5551, relative to the finished paint.
Ceridust 9615 A additionally prevents the formation of a hard sediment. Guide formulation (water-soluble house paint, white, air-drying) I Resydrol+ AY 586 w/ 38 WA 64.0 ammonia, 25 % 0.4 Titanium dioxide RN 59 24.0 Additol VXW 4940 0.2 Additol XW 376 0.4 Additol XW 329 0.4 Additol XL 297/100 0.5 II ammonia, 25 % 0.3 deionized water 9.8 Parts by weight 100.0

Aqueous wood laquer for indoor applications A matt silk finish effect can be obtained by using up to 2.0 % Ceridust 5551 or Ceridust 9615 A on total formulation.
Guide formulation I Mowilith LDM 7460 water II water Saniprot + 99-73 1,2-Propandiol AMP 90 BYK + 348 Texanol + Agitan + 295 III water Tafigel + PUR 40 Methoxybutanol Ceridust 5551 or Ceridust 9615 A water Parts by weight 74.50 6.10 1.00 0.20 1.00 0.20 0.50 1.00 0.20 3.60 0.30 2.50

Positive wax-based wood stain Good positive effect, no floating of, for instance, Remazol dyes after storage at 50 C.
Guide formulation parts Licowax R 21 parts Silicon oil 350 cst parts Spindle oil parts Emulsogen P are heated to approx. 100 C and then stirred well while 20 parts water, hot (90-100C) are added. The hot concentrate is then well stirred, while 66 parts water are added cold. After 12-24 hours, the formulation is again stirred thoroughly. 2 5 5 2

Preparation: Mix part I in the given sequence, disperse in a bead mill and adjust to the desired viscosity with part II.

2.00 6.90 100.00

The raw materials have to be mixed in the above described order with a propeller stirrer. To achieve the optimal dispersion Part III should be made the day before and processed afterwards into Part I and II.

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Wood wax (aqueous) These are unpigmented, colorless formulations which are also waterbased and employed mainly for wood panel polishes. Apart from an increase in shine, sensitivity to water can be improved.
Guide formulation

Improving sandability
Licowax KLE Emulsion, 12 % Mowilith DM 772 conc. Tributoxyethyl phosphate (wetting and levelling agent) Licowet F 3, 1% solution Saniprot + 98-70 Parts by weight Licowax KLE Emulsion, 15 % Water Mowilith DM 772, 46 % Licowet F 3, 1% solution Parts by weight 50.00 48.40 1.00 0.50 0.10 100.00 51.00 22.50 26.00 0.50 100.00 For furniture lacquers, the addition of Licowax C micropowder to lacquers based on polyurethane, acid-curing lacquers and nitrocellulose lacquers has proved successful in improving the sandability of primers. So that the wax can function optimally it should first be dispersed in a suitable solvent in a bead mill. The following formulation is possible: Licowax C micropowder Xylene Butyl acetate Parts by weight 10.00 45.00 45.00 100.00

Guide formulation for polyurethane sanding primer

Desmophen solution (component A) Desmophen + 1300 32.0 75 % solution in xylene Nitrocellulose chips E 510 1.5 Ethyl acetate 9.2 Butyl acetate 9.2 Methoxypropyl acetate 9.2 Xylol 1.9 Licowax PE 520 10 % dispersion in Xylol 12.0 Parts by weight 75.0 Desmodur solution (component B) Desmodur + IL 14.2 Desmodur + L 75 9.4 Xylol 1.4 Parts by weight 25.0 Mixing ratio component A : component B 3:1 Binder content approx. 40 % Efflux time at 23 C and DIN cup 4 mm, DIN 53 211 approx. 20 sec. Drying time at room temperature 150 m thick wet film approx. 35 min

This dispersion can also be prepared in a sand or ball mill. Ceridust 3910 is easier to admix. It is dispersed direct in the paint by means of a stirrer. With two-pack polyurethane finishes it is preferable to incorporate Licowax PE 520 as a solvent-containing dispersion in the finish.

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Influencing the rheological properties of paints

Licowax PED 521 and Licowax PED 522 have proved very successful in preventing alkyd resin paints from sagging and running. 20 parts by weight Licowax PED 521 or Licowax PED 522 are dissolved in 80 parts by weight xylene at 80 C to 90 C and the solution is cooled to room temperature with slight stirring. The resultant dispersion is then incorporated in the paint. The wax preparation must be added at the very beginning of the manufacturing process. 0.25 % to 1 % of the wax preparation, relative to the binder, is sufficient to produce the desired effect.

The finish was applied to pine and was weathered outdoors for 3 years. Independent of improved water repellency, the wax-containing finish decomposed significantly less than the wax-free finish.

The components shall be mixed and well homogenized in the above described order by using a dissolver. For this application, a wax dosage of 0.5-1 % has proved to be advantageous.

Assessment of water repellency

after
Without wax With 3.5% Ceridust

Coil coatings
A positive effect on slip behaviour and scratch resistance can be achieved by using PTFE-containing waxes in coil coatings. Especially recommended for this application are the following Ceridust grades: > Ceridust 9610 F > Ceridust 9630 F > Ceridust 3920 F > TP Ceridust 3921 F > Ceridust 9325 F > TP Ceridust 9322 F Excellent results can be achieved by using 0.5 to 1.0 % wax. Guide formulation Duroftal + VPE (7186/60 SNBMPAC) Maprenal + MF 904 Additol + XL 480 Ti-Pure + R 900 Methoxypropyl acetate p-TSA 50% in isopropanol Ceridust 3920 F Parts by weight

1 1 2 3 hour year years years 3 2 3 2 4 2 4 2

Making paints water-repellent

Ceridust 9615 A is suitable for making protective wood finishes and protective wood stains water-repellent. 2 % to 6 % of the product incorporated in the finished paint give the film good water repellency at the initial drying stage.

Assessment: 1 = no dissolving 2 = trace of dissolving 3 = slight dissolving 4 = some dissolving 5 = noticeable dissolving

Can coatings
Improved slip behaviour and enhanced scratch resistance in can coatings can be achieved by using PTEE containing waxes such as Ceridust 9610 F, Ceridust 9630 F or Ceridust 3920 F. These micronized waxes can be processed directly into the lacquer. Guide formulation Duroftal + VPE 6104 68.50 + Vestanat B 1370 (60 % in XBAC) 7.00 Polysolvan + O 12.05 Solventnaphta 180/210 12.05 Ceridust 3920 F 0.40 Parts by weight 100.00

51.62 5.04 0.06 28.32 14.24 0.23 0.50 100.00

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Safety data
Toxicological properties The polyethylene and amide waxes described in this leaflet as well as waxes based on crude montan wax have no properties that are harmful to health on the basis of experience to date. The acute oral toxicity (LD50) of these waxes is > 2000 mg/kg in the rat or mouse.
When Ceridust 9610 F, Ceridust 9630 F, Ceridust 3920 F, TP Ceridust 3921 F, Ceridust 9325 F, TP Ceridust 9322 F, Ceridust 9202 F and Ceridust 9205 F are handled, the usual safety precautions for fluorocarbon-containing products must be observed. Contamination of clothes and tobacco products must be avoided at all costs. Hazardous decomposition products occur above 300 C.

Ecological properties The waxes described are virtually insoluble in water. Hence they are attacked only very slowly by microorganisms in water and cause no significant biological oxygen demand. They are eliminated from the effluent as ballast together with the sludge. The COD eliminability under the conditions of sewage treatment is good (> 95 %). The waxes should be taken to an authorized site for disposal.

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Status in accordance with the German federal regulations on dangerous substances The Licowax and Ceridust grades mentioned here are not dangerous substances according to the German regulations on dangerous substances of August 26, 1986. Status in accordance with the German chemicals law The Licowax and Ceridust grades or its monomers mentioned in this leaflet are contained in the European inventory of existing commercial chemical substances, EINECS. Labelling is not required under the regulations of the chemicals law. Please refer to the relevant safety data sheets for safety notes on other products named in the guide formulations. Notes on the processing of powders When organic dusts are handled, the VDI guidelines 2263 Prevention of dust fires and dust explosions or the corresponding national regulations must be observed.

Status under food legislation The waxes described in this brochure comply with the recommendation of the German federal health office (BgVV) for the manufacture of consumer articles. They are also approved in most European countries and in the USA (see general data sheet Status of waxes from Clariant under food legislation, W 250). CAS numbers Licowax KLE
Licowax PE 520 Licowax PED 521 Licowax PED 522 Ceridust 3620 Ceridust 9615 A Ceridust 3715 Ceridust 2440 Ceridust 3719 Ceridust 9610 F Ceridust 9630 F Ceridust 3920 F TP Ceridust 3921 F Ceridust 9325 F TP Ceridust 9322 F Ceridust 3910 Ceridust 9202 F Ceridust 9205 F Licowax C micropowder Licowax 371 FP

Ceridust 5551 Licowax R 21 Ceridust 6721 TP Ceridust 5091 TP Ceridust 5851R TP Ceridust 6050 M

73138-45-1 08002-74-2 73138-59-7 09003-07-0 00110-30-5 288395-49-3 288395-49-3 09003-07-0

73138-45-1 68920-66-1 09002-88-4 68441-17-8 68441-17-8 09002-88-4 09002-88-4 00110-30-5 09002-88-4 08002-74-2 68441-17-8 09002-88-4 09002-84-0 09002-88-4 09002-84-0 09002-88-4 09002-84-0 09002-88-4 09002-84-0 09002-88-4 09002-84-0 09002-88-4 09002-84-0 00110-30-5 09002-84-0 09002-84-0 00110-30-5 104912-80-3

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Transport and storage

Packaging > Licowax PE 520 > Licowax PED 521 > Licowax PED 522 > Licowax 371 FP > Ceridust 3620 > Ceridust 9615 A > Ceridust 3715 > Ceridust 2440 > Ceridust 3719 > Ceridust 6721 > Ceridust 6071 > Ceridust 6072 > TP Ceridust 6073 > TP Ceridust 6074 > TP Ceridust 6075 > TP Ceridust 6050 M
> Ceridust 9610 F > Ceridust 9630 F > Ceridust 3920 F > TP Ceridust 3921 F > Ceridust 9325 F > TP Ceridust 9322 F > Ceridust 5551 > TP Ceridust 5091 > TP Ceridust 5851 R > Licowax KLE > Licowax R 21 are supplied in 3-ply valved paper sacks. > Licowax C micropowder > Ceridust 3910 > Ceridust 9202 F > Ceridust 9205 F are supplied in PE sacks inside cartons.

Storage The Licowax and the Ceridust grades must be stored in a dry place and at room temperature. Dispatch, transport RID, GGVE, ADR, GGVS, ADNR, IMDG-Code, ICAO/IATA-DGR. The Licowax and Ceridust grades described in this brochure are not dangerous substances within the meaning of these regulations.

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Suppliers
Additol + XL 480 Additol + XL 490 Additol + VXL 6245 Additol + VXW 4940 Additol + XW 376 Additol + XW 329 Additol + XL 297/100 Alftalat + AM 670 Vialkyd + AC 371/70 X Vialkyd + AM 421/80 IP Viamin + HF 164/70 IB Resydrol + AY 586 w/ 38 WA Duroftal + VPE (7186/60 SNBMPAC) Duroftal + VPE 6104 Maprenal + F 904 UCB Chemie GmbH 3 Rue Laid Burniat 1348 Louvain-La-Neuve Belgium Alresat + KM 313 Akzo Nobel BYK + 348 BYK-Chemie GmbH Postfach 100245 46462 Wesel Germany Texanol + Eastman Chemical Company c/o Eastman Chemical B.V. Charlottenstrae 61 51149 Kln Germany Agitan + 295 Tafigel + PUR 40 Mnzing Chemie GmbH Postfach 2762 74017 Heilbronn Germany Collodium wool H 33 Collodium wool E 510 Wolff Walsrode AG 29655 Walsrode Germany Desmodur + IL Desmodur + L 75 Desmophen + 1300 Bayer AG 51368 Leverkusen-Bayerwerk Germany Polysolvan + O Celanese Chemical Europe GmbH Lurgiallee 14 60439 Frankfurt/Main Germany Solvent Naphta 180 / 210 Haltermann GmbH Ferdinandstrae 55-57 20095 Hamburg Germany Photomer 6019 F Photomer 5429 F Photomer 5960 F Photomer 4127 F Photomer 4226 F Photomer BP Cognis Deutschland GmbH Postfach 130164 40551 Dsseldorf Germany Silica HP 94 Crosfield Chemicals P.O. Box 26, Warrington, Cheshire/England WA5 1AB Vestanat + B 1370 Degussa AG Creanova-Lackrohstoffe Paul-Baumann-Strae 1 45764 Marl Germany Kronos 2059 Kronos Titan GmbH Peschstrae 5 51373 Leverkusen Germany AMP + 90 Angus Chemie GmbH Zeppelinstrae 30 49479 Ibbenbren Germany Saniprot + 98-70 Saniprot + 99-73 Sanitized Marketing AG Lyssacherstrae 95 P.O. Box 764 3401 Burgdorf Switzerland Ti Pure R 900 Du Pont de Nemours (Deutschland) GmbH Postfach 1365 61283 Bad Homburg Germany Darocure 1173 Ciba Spezialittenchemie AG Klybeckstrasse 141 4002 Basel Switzerland

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Please note This information is based on our present state of knowledge and is intended to provide general notes on our products and their uses. It should not therefore be construed as guaranteeing specific properties of the products described or their suitability for a particular application. Any existing industrial property rights must be observed. The quality of our products is guaranteed under our General Conditions of Sale.
= Trademark of Clariant registered in numerous countries. Edition: October 2006

Exactly your chemistry.

www.pa.clariant.com Clariant International Ltd. Pigments & Additives Division Marketing Coating Business Rothausstrasse 61 4132 Muttenz Switzerland Phone: +41/61/469-79 56 Fax: +41/61/469-75 40

DA 8267 E_10/06