LDA 181L/Winter 2008 UCD/Mark Francis

A Typology of Urban Open Spaces (Adapted from Carr , Francis, Ri !in and Carr, 1""2# Type/Subtype of Open Space Public Parks $%&!ic/Centra! $ark $%&!ic!' de e!oped and mana(ed open space as part of )oned open space s'stem of cit'* open space of cit'+,ide importance* often !ocated near center of cit'* often !ar(er t-an nei(-&or-ood park. /reen parks ,it- (rass and trees !ocated in do,nto,n areas* can &e traditiona!, -istoric parks or ne,!' de e!oped open spaces. A !ar(e (reen area de e!oped in o!der 0e, 1n(!and cities and to,ns* once past%re area for common %se* no, %sed for for !eis%re acti ities. 2pen space de e!oped in residentia! en ironments* p%&!ic!' de e!oped and mana(ed as part of t-e )oned open space of cities, or as part of ne, pri ate residentia! de e!opment* ma' inc!%de p!a'(ro%nds, sport faci!ities, etc. 4ma!! %r&an park &o%nded &' &%i!din(s* ma' inc!%de fo%ntain or ,ater feat%re Characteristics

Do,nto,n $arks Commons

0ei(-&or-ood $ark

Mini/3estpocket $ark Squares and Plazas Centra! 45%are

45%are or p!a)a* often part of -istoric de e!opment of cit' center* ma' &e forma!!' p!anned or e6ist as a meetin( p!aces of streets* fre5%ent!' p%&!ic!' de e!oped and mana(ed. $%&!ic p!ace t-at memoria!i)es peop!e or e ents of !oca! and nationa! importance.

Me orials Markets Farmers Markets

2pen space or streets %sed for Farmer7s Markets or F!ea Markets* often temporar' or occ%r on!' d%rin( certain times in e6istin( space s%c- as parks, do,nto,n streets or parkin( !ots.

Streets $edestrian 4ide,a!ks $art of cities ,-ere peop!e mo e on foot* most common!' a!on( side,a!ks and pat-s, p!anned or fo%nd ,-ic- connect one destination ,it- anot-er. 4treet c!osed to a%to traffic* pedestrian amenities pro ided s%c- as &enc-es, p!antin(* often !ocated a!on( main street in do,nto,n area. De e!opment of impro ed transit access to do,nto,n areas* re+ p!acement of traditiona! pedestrian ma!!s ,it- &%s and 9!i(-t rai!9 ma!!s. 4treets %sed as p%&!ic open space* traffic and e-ic!e restriction can inc!%de pedestrian impro ements and side,a!k ,idenin(, street tree p!antin(. Connect parts of cities t-ro%(- inte(rated %r&an trai!s* %se of streets and open spaces p!anned as settin( for en ironmenta! !earnin(* some are desi(ned and marked trai!s.

$edestrian Ma!! 8ransit Ma!!

8raffic Restricted 4treets 8o,n 8rai!s

Playgrounds $!a'(ro%nd $!a' area !ocated in nei(-&or-ood* fre5%ent!' inc!%des traditiona! p!a' e5%ipment s%c- as s!ides and s,in(s* sometimes inc!%de amenities for ad%!ts s%c- as &enc-es* can a!so inc!%de inno ati e desi(ns s%c- as Ad ent%re $!a'(ro%nds 4c-oo!'ard as p!a' area* some de e!oped as p!ace for en ironmenta! !earnin( or as comm%nit' %se spaces.

4c-oo!'ard Co unity Open Spaces Comm%nit' /arden/$ark

0ei(-&or-ood spaces desi(ned, de e!oped or mana(ed &' !oca! residents on acant !and* ma' inc!%de ie,in( (ardens, p!a' areas, and comm%nit' (ardens* often de e!oped on pri ate !and* not officia!!' ie,ed as part of open space s'stem of cities* often %!nera&!e to disp!acement &' ot-er %ses s%c- as -o%sin( and commercia! de e!opment. :nterconnected recreationa! and nat%ra! areas connected &' pedestrian and &ic'c!e pat-s. Unde e!oped or ,i!d nat%ra! areas in or near cities. 2ften pop%!ar for -ikin(, do( ,a!kin( and recreation. Fre5%ent!' in o! es conf!icts &et,een %sers and eco!o(ica! preser ation/restoration.

!reen"ays and #inear Park"ays

Urban $ilderness

Atriu /%ndoor/Marketplaces Atri%m :nterior pri ate space de e!oped as indoor atri%m space* an indoor, !ocka&!e p!a)a or pedestrian street* co%nted &' man' cities as part of open space s'stem* pri ate!' de e!oped and mana(ed as part of ne, office or commercia! de e!opment. :nterior, pri ate s-oppin( areas, %s%a!!' freestandin( or re-a&i!itation of o!der &%i!din((s#* Ma' inc!%de &ot- interior and o%tdoor spaces* sometimes ca!!ed ;Festi a! marketp!aces<* pri ate!' de e!oped and mana(ed as part of ne, office or commercia! de e!opment.

Marketp!ace/ Do,nto,n 4-oppin( Center

&ound/'eighborhood Spaces 1 er'da' 4paces 0ei(-&or-ood 4paces $%&!ic!' accessi&!e open p!aces s%c- as street corners, steps to &%i!din(s, etc., ,-ic- peop!e c!aim and %se. $%&!ic!' accessi&!e open space s%c- as street corners, !ots, etc. near ,-ere peop!e !i e* can a!so &e acant or %nde e!oped space !ocated in nei(-&or-ood inc!%din( acant !ots and f%t%re &%i!din( sites* often %sed &' c-i!dren and teena(ers, and !oca! residents.

$aterfronts Waterfronts, =ar&ors, >eac-es, Ri erfronts, $iers, Lakefronts 2pen space a!on( ,ater,a's in cities* increased p%&!ic access to ,aterfront areas* de e!opment of ,aterfront parks.