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NORMAL
DISTRIBUCIN NORMAL
o campana de Gauss-Laplace
Funcin de densidad
= media
= desviacin estndar
= 3.1416
e = 2.71828
f(x)
f(x)
f(x)
0.5
0.5
f(x)
Punto de inflexin
Punto de inflexin
DISTRIBUCIN DE PROBABLIDAD
NORMAL ESTNDAR
Una variable aleatoria que tiene una distribucin normal con media de cero y
desviacin estndar de uno es conocida como una distribucin de
probabilidad normal estndar.
f(z)
f ( z)
1 ( z ) 2 / 2
e
2
DISTRIBUCIN DE PROBABLIDAD
NORMAL ESTNDAR
La letra z es comunmente usada para designar a la variable aleatoria normal
estndar mediante la conversin de la varaiable x por medio de la siguiente relacin
matemtica.
z
donde:
= media de la distribucin.
= desviacin estndar de la distribucin.
x = variable aleatoria.
z = variable aleatoria estndar.
f ( z)
1 ( z ) 2 / 2
e
2
Los valores de Z antes de la media son negativos, despus de la media son positivos
f(z)
Z -
Z +
f(x)
Desviacin estndar = 0.8
Desviacin estndar =1
12
Z=
x
z
f(x)
Desviacin estndar = 0.8
12 10
2.5
.8
Desviacin estndar =1
12
Z = 2.5
x
z
f(x)
Desviacin estndar = 0.8
Desviacin estndar =1
0.01
0.02
-3.4
-2.9
-2.8
-2.7
-2.6
-2.5
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
3.4
0.0003
0.0019
0.0026
0.0035
0.0047
0.0062
.....
0.9938
0.9953
0.9965
0.9974
0.9981
0.9997
0.0003
0.0018
0.0025
0.0034
0.0045
0.0060
..
0.9940
0.9955
0.9966
0.9975
0.9982
0.9997
0.0003
0.0018
0.0024
0.0033
0.0044
0.0059
..
0.9941
0.9956
0.9967
0.9976
0.9982
0.9997
0.03
0.0003
0.0017
0.0023
0.0032
0.0043
0.0057
..
0.9943
0.9957
0.9968
0.9977
0.9983
0.9997
0.04
0.05
0.0003
0.0016
0.0023
0.0031
0.0041
0.0055
..
0.9945
0.9959
0.9969
0.9977
0.9984
0.9997
0.0003
0.0016
0.0022
0.0030
0.0040
0.0054
..
0.9946
0.9960
0.9970
0.9978
0.9984
0.9997
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
p( z < 1.43 ) = ?
rea
0
1.43
0
0.5000
0.5398
0.5793
0.6179
0.6554
0.6915
0.7257
0.7580
0.7881
0.8159
0.8413
0.8643
0.8849
0.9032
0.9192
0.01
0.5040
0.5438
0.5832
0.6217
0.6591
0.6950
0.7291
0.7611
0.7910
0.8186
0.8438
0.8665
0.8869
0.9049
0.9207
0.02
0.5080
0.5478
0.5871
0.6255
0.6628
0.6985
0.7324
0.7642
0.7939
0.8212
0.8461
0.8686
0.8888
0.9066
0.9222
0.03
0.5120
0.5517
0.5910
0.6293
0.6664
0.7019
0.7357
0.7673
0.7967
0.8238
0.8485
0.8708
0.8907
0.9082
0.9236
0.04
0.5160
0.5557
0.5948
0.6331
0.6700
0.7054
0.7389
0.7704
0.7995
0.8264
0.8508
0.8729
0.8925
0.9099
0.9251
0.05
0.5199
0.5596
0.5987
0.6368
0.6736
0.7088
0.7422
0.7734
0.8023
0.8289
0.8531
0.8749
0.8944
0.9115
0.9265
0.06
0.5239
0.5636
0.6026
0.6406
0.6772
0.7123
0.7454
0.7764
0.8051
0.8315
0.8554
0.8770
0.8962
0.9131
0.9279
0.07
0.5279
0.5675
0.6064
0.6443
0.6808
0.7157
0.7486
0.7794
0.8078
0.8340
0.8577
0.8790
0.8980
0.9147
0.9292
0.08
0.5319
0.5714
0.6103
0.6480
0.6844
0.7190
0.7517
0.7823
0.8106
0.8365
0.8599
0.8810
0.8997
0.9162
0.9306
0.09
0.5359
0.5753
0.6141
0.6517
0.6879
0.7224
0.7549
0.7852
0.8133
0.8389
0.8621
0.8830
0.9015
0.9177
0.9319
1-0.9236
0.9236
1.43
P( z >1.43) = 0.0764
Z
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
0
0.5000
0.5398
0.5793
0.6179
0.6554
0.6915
0.7257
0.7580
0.7881
0.8159
0.8413
0.8643
0.8849
0.9032
0.9192
0.01
0.5040
0.5438
0.5832
0.6217
0.6591
0.6950
0.7291
0.7611
0.7910
0.8186
0.8438
0.8665
0.8869
0.9049
0.9207
0.02
0.5080
0.5478
0.5871
0.6255
0.6628
0.6985
0.7324
0.7642
0.7939
0.8212
0.8461
0.8686
0.8888
0.9066
0.9222
0.03
0.5120
0.5517
0.5910
0.6293
0.6664
0.7019
0.7357
0.7673
0.7967
0.8238
0.8485
0.8708
0.8907
0.9082
0.9236
0.04
0.5160
0.5557
0.5948
0.6331
0.6700
0.7054
0.7389
0.7704
0.7995
0.8264
0.8508
0.8729
0.8925
0.9099
0.9251
0.05
0.5199
0.5596
0.5987
0.6368
0.6736
0.7088
0.7422
0.7734
0.8023
0.8289
0.8531
0.8749
0.8944
0.9115
0.9265
0.06
0.5239
0.5636
0.6026
0.6406
0.6772
0.7123
0.7454
0.7764
0.8051
0.8315
0.8554
0.8770
0.8962
0.9131
0.9279
0.07
0.5279
0.5675
0.6064
0.6443
0.6808
0.7157
0.7486
0.7794
0.8078
0.8340
0.8577
0.8790
0.8980
0.9147
0.9292
0.08
0.5319
0.5714
0.6103
0.6480
0.6844
0.7190
0.7517
0.7823
0.8106
0.8365
0.8599
0.8810
0.8997
0.9162
0.9306
0.09
0.5359
0.5753
0.6141
0.6517
0.6879
0.7224
0.7549
0.7852
0.8133
0.8389
0.8621
0.8830
0.9015
0.9177
0.9319
z =1.43
rea
-1.5
1.43
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
0
0.0668
0.5000
0.5398
0.5793
0.6179
0.6554
0.6915
0.7257
0.7580
0.7881
0.8159
0.8413
0.8643
0.8849
0.9032
0.9192
0.01
0.0655
0.5040
0.5438
0.5832
0.6217
0.6591
0.6950
0.7291
0.7611
0.7910
0.8186
0.8438
0.8665
0.8869
0.9049
0.9207
0.02
0.0643
0.5080
0.5478
0.5871
0.6255
0.6628
0.6985
0.7324
0.7642
0.7939
0.8212
0.8461
0.8686
0.8888
0.9066
0.9222
0.03
0.0630
0.5120
0.5517
0.5910
0.6293
0.6664
0.7019
0.7357
0.7673
0.7967
0.8238
0.8485
0.8708
0.8907
0.9082
0.9236
rea
- .0668 = .8568
0.04
0.0618
0.5160
0.5557
0.5948
0.6331
0.6700
0.7054
0.7389
0.7704
0.7995
0.8264
0.8508
0.8729
0.8925
0.9099
0.9251
0.05
0.0606
0.5199
0.5596
0.5987
0.6368
0.6736
0.7088
0.7422
0.7734
0.8023
0.8289
0.8531
0.8749
0.8944
0.9115
0.9265
0.06
0.0594
0.5239
0.5636
0.6026
0.6406
0.6772
0.7123
0.7454
0.7764
0.8051
0.8315
0.8554
0.8770
0.8962
0.9131
0.9279
0.07
0.0582
0.5279
0.5675
0.6064
0.6443
0.6808
0.7157
0.7486
0.7794
0.8078
0.8340
0.8577
0.8790
0.8980
0.9147
0.9292
-1.5
0.08
0.09
0.0571
0.5319
0.5714
0.6103
0.6480
0.6844
0.7190
0.7517
0.7823
0.8106
0.8365
0.8599
0.8810
0.8997
0.9162
0.9306
0.0559
0.5359
0.5753
0.6141
0.6517
0.6879
0.7224
0.7549
0.7852
0.8133
0.8389
0.8621
0.8830
0.9015
0.9177
0.9319
1.43
Observe:
rea = F(1.43) F(-1.5)
Observe, que esta tabla tiene valores acumulados a partir de z = 0, hay tablas
acumuladas desde z = -3.4 , por lo que el estudiante debe tener cuidado en la tabla
que va usar.
P ( x 60) = ?
ejemplos
ING. SERGIO LOPEZ NIETO
Area = .2967
= .83
Area = 0.2033
Area = 0.7967
0 .83
ING. SERGIO LOPEZ NIETO
.00
.01
.02
.03
.04
.05
z
.0 .0000 .0040 .0080 .0120 .0160 .0199
.1 .0398 .0438 .0478 .0517 .0557 .0596
.2 .0793 .0832 .0871 .0910 .0948 .0987
.3 .1179 .1217 .1255 .1293 .1331 .1368
.06
.07
.08
.09
.4
.1554 .1591 .1628 .1664 .1700 .1736 .1772 .1808 .1844 .1879
.5
.1915 .1950 .1985 .2019 .2054 .2088 .2123 .2157 .2190 .2224
.6
.2257 .2291 .2324 .2357 .2389 .2422 .2454 .2486 .2518 .2549
.7
.2580 .2612 .2642 .2673 .2704 .2734 .2764 .2794 .2823 .2852
.8
.2881 .2910 .2939 .2967 .2995 .3023 .3051 .3078 .3106 .3133
.9
.3159 .3186 .3212 .3238 .3264 .3289 .3315 .3340 .3365 .3389
Area = 0.05
Area = .5
Area = .45
z.05
.00
.01
.02
.03
.04
.05
.06
.07
.08
.09
1.9 .4713 .4719 .4726 .4732 .4738 .4744 .4750 .4756 .4761 .4767
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
a). Solucin
z = (75 -68)/5 = 1.4
p (X > 75) = p (z > 1.4) = 1 - P (z 1.4) = 1 0.9192 = 0.0808
Por lo tanto el 8.08% de las lmparas
(808 lmparas) superarn los 75 meses.
b). Solucin
z
.
.00
.01
.02
.03
.04
.05
.06
.07
.08
.09
1.9 .4713 .4719 .4726 .4732 .4738 .4744 .4750 .4756 .4761 .4767
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Se est calculando un rea
simtrica
-1.6
ING. SERGIO LOPEZ NIETO
1.6
x=z+
x = 1.04(5)+72 = 77.2
0.15
X=77.2
Z=1.04
ING. SERGIO LOPEZ NIETO
= npq = (50)(.2)(.8)=2.828
P(x <5 ) ?
2.62%
Z
Z=-1.94
ING. SERGIO LOPEZ NIETO
= npq = (50)(.2)(.8)=2.828
P(x >5 ) ?
Z
Z=-1.59
ING. SERGIO LOPEZ NIETO
= npq = (50)(.2)(.8)=2.828
P(x 5 ) ?
Z
Z=-1.94
ING. SERGIO LOPEZ NIETO
= npq = (50)(.2)(.8)=2.828
P(x =5 ) ?
P(x=5) = p( -1.94<Z<-1.59) =0.0297
2.97%
Z
Z=-1.94
Z= -1.59
FIN