The software industry includes businesses for development, maintenance and publication of software that are using different

business models, mainly either "license/maintenance based" (on-premises) or "Cloud based" (such as SaaS, PaaS, IaaS, MaaS, AaaS, etc.). The industry also includes software services, such as training, documentation, and consulting.

History
The word "software" was coined as a prank as early as 1953, but did not appear in print until the 1960s.[1] Before this time, computers were programmed either by customers, or the few commercial computer vendors of the time, such as UNIVAC and IBM. The first company founded to provide software products and services was Computer Usage Company in 1955.[2] The software industry expanded in the early 1960s, almost immediately after computers were first sold in mass-produced quantities. Universities, government, and business customers created a demand for software. Many of these programs were written inhouse by full-time staff programmers. Some were distributed freely between users of a particular machine for no charge. Others were done on a commercial basis, and other firms such as Computer Sciences Corporation (founded in 1959) started to grow. The computer/hardware makers started bundling operating systems, systems software and programming environments with their machines. When Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) brought a relatively low-priced

microcomputer to market, it brought computing within the reach of many more companies and universities worldwide, and it spawned great innovation in terms of new, powerful programming languages and methodologies. New software was built for microcomputers, so other manufacturers including IBM, followed DEC's example quickly, resulting in the IBM AS/400 amongst others. The industry expanded greatly with the rise of the personal computer ("PC") in the mid1970s, which brought computing to the desktop of the office worker. In the following years, it also created a growing market for games, applications, and utilities. DOS,

Microsoft's first operating system product, was the dominant operating system at the time. In the early years of the 21st century, another successful business model has arisen for hosted software, called software-as-a-service, or SaaS; this was at least the third time[citation needed] this model had been attempted. From the point of view of producers of some proprietary software, SaaS reduces the concerns about unauthorized copying, since it can only be accessed through the Web, and by definition no client software is loaded onto the end user's PC.

Size of the industry

According to market researcher DataMonitor, the size of the worldwide software industry in 2008 was US$303.8 billion, an increase of 6.5% compared to 2007. Americans account for 42.6% of the global software market's value.[3]

Mergers and acquisitions

The software industry has been subject to a high degree of consolidation over the past couple of decades. From 1988 to 2010, 41,136[citation
needed]

mergers and acquisitions

have been announced with a total known value of US$1,451 billion [4] ($1.45 trillion). The highest number and value of deals was set in 2000 during the high times of the dot-com bubble with 6,757 transactions valued at $447 billion. In 2010, 1,628 deals were announced valued at $49 billion.

Business models within the software industry

Business models of software companies have been widely discussed. [5][6] Network effects in software ecosystems, networks of companies, and their customers are an important element in the strategy of software companies.[7] Computer software, or simply software, also known as computer programs, is the non-tangible component of computers. Computer software contrasts with computer

hardware, which is the physical component of computers. Computer hardware and software require each other and neither can be realistically used without the other. Computer software includes all computer programs regardless of their architecture; for example, executable files, libraries and scripts are computer software. Yet, it shares their mutual properties: software consists of clearly-defined instructions that upon execution, instructs hardware to perform the tasks for which it is designed. Software is stored in computer memory and cannot be touched, just as a 3D model shown in an illustration cannot be touched.[1] At the lowest level, executable code consists of machine language instructions specific to an individual processor typically a central processing unit (CPU). A machine language consists of groups of binary values signifying processor instructions that change the state of the computer from its preceding state. For example, an instruction may change the value stored in a particular storage location inside the computer an effect that is not directly observable to the user. An instruction may also (indirectly) cause something to appear on a display of the computer system a state change which should be visible to the user. The processor carries out the instructions in the order they are provided, unless it is instructed to "jump" to a different instruction, or interrupted. Software is usually written in high-level programming languages that are easier and more efficient for humans to use (closer to natural language) than machine language.[2] High-level languages are compiled or interpreted into machine language object code. Software may also be written in a low-level assembly language, essentially, a vaguely mnemonic representation of a machine language using a natural language alphabet. Assembly language is converted into object code via an assembler.

History
Main article: History of software

Types of software
See also: List of software categories

A diagram showing how the operating system software and application software are layered on a typical desktop computer. The arrows indicate information flow.

On virtually all computer platforms, software can be grouped into a few broad categories.
Purpose, or domain of use

Based on the goal, computer software can be divided into:

Application software uses the computer system to perform useful work or provide entertainment functions beyond the basic operation of the computer itself.

System software is designed to operate the computer hardware, to provide basic functionality, and to provide a platform for running application software.[3] System software includes:
o

Operating system, an essential collection of computer programs that manages resources and provides common services for other software. Supervisory programs, boot loaders, shells and window systems are core parts of operating systems. In practice, an operating system comes bundled with additional

software (including application software) so that a user can potentially do some work with a computer that only has an operating system.
o

Device driver, a computer program that operates or controls a particular type of device that is attached to a computer. Each device needs at least one corresponding device driver; thus a computer needs more than one device driver.

Utilities, software designed to assist users in maintenance and care of their computers.

Malicious software or malware, computer software developed to harm and disrupt computers. As such, malware is undesirable. Malware is closely associated with computer-related crimes, though some malicious programs may have been designed as practical jokes.

Nature, or domain of execution

Desktop applications such as web browsers and Microsoft Office, as well as smartphone and tablet applications (called "apps").

Server software Scripts, such as JavaScript scripts are pieces of software traditionally embedded in web pages that are run directly inside the web browser when a web page is loaded, without the need for a web browser plugin. Software written in other programming languages can also be run within the web browser if the software is either translated into JavaScript, or if a web browser plugin that supports that language is installed; the most common example of the latter is ActionScript scripts, which are supported by the Adobe Flash plugin.

Web applications usually run on the web server and output dynamically-generated web pages to web browsers, using e.g. PHP, Java or ASP.NET, or even JavaScript that runs on the server; in modern times they commonly include some JavaScript to be run in the web browser as well, in which case they typically run partly on the server, partly in the web browser.

Plugins and extensions are software that extends or modifies the functionality of another piece of software, and require that software be used in order to function;

Embedded software resides as firmware within embedded systems, devices dedicated to a single use or a few uses such as cars and televisions (although some embedded devices such as wireless chipsets can themselves be part of an ordinary, non-embedded computer system such as a PC or smartphone).[4] In the embedded system context there

is sometimes no clear distinction between the system software and the application software. However, some embedded systems run embedded operating systems, and these systems do retain the distinction between system software and application software (although typically there will only be one, fixed, application which is always ran).

Microcode is a special, relatively obscure type of embedded software which tells the processor itself how to execute machine code, so it is actually a lower level than machine code.[5] It is typically proprietary to the processor manufacturer, and any necessary correctional microcode software updates are supplied by them to users (which is much cheaper than shipping replacement processor hardware). Thus an ordinary programmer would not expect to ever have to deal with it.

Programming tools

Programming tools are software in the form of programs or applications that software developers (also known as programmers, coders, hackers or software engineers) use to create, debug, maintain (i.e. improve or fix), or otherwise support software. Software is written in one or more programming languages; there are many programming languages in existence, and each has at least one implementation, each of which consists of its own set of programming tools. These tools may be relatively selfcontained programs such as compilers, debuggers, interpreters, linkers, and text editors, that can be combined together to accomplish a task, much as one might use multiple hand tools to fix a physical object, or they may be an integrated development environment (IDE), which combines much or all of the functionality of such selfcontained tools. An IDE may do this either by invoking the relevant individual tools on behalf of the programmer, or by reimplementing their functionality in a new way. Almost all programming language implementations (a notable exception being Smalltalk) provide the option of using individual tools rather than an IDE, because some programmers prefer not to use IDEs for various reasons, and IDEs usually take longer to be developed to an "acceptable" standard than individual tools - indeed, initially, new programming languages (which are created every year) would not typically have IDEs available for them.

Software topics
Architecture

Users often see things differently than programmers. People who use modern general purpose computers (as opposed to embedded systems, analog computers and supercomputers) usually see three layers of software performing a variety of tasks: platform, application, and user software.

Platform software: Platform includes the firmware, device drivers, an operating system, and typically a graphical user interface which, in total, allow a user to interact with the computer and its peripherals (associated equipment). Platform software often comes bundled with the computer. On a PC one will usually have the ability to change the platform software.

Application software: Application software or Applications are what most people think of when they think of software. Typical examples include office suites and video games. Application software is often purchased separately from computer hardware. Sometimes applications are bundled with the computer, but that does not change the fact that they run as independent applications. Applications are usually independent programs from the operating system, though they are often tailored for specific platforms. Most users think of compilers, databases, and other "system software" as applications.

User-written software: End-user development tailors systems to meet users' specific needs. User software include spreadsheet templates and word processor templates. Even email filters are a kind of user software. Users create this software themselves and often overlook how important it is. Depending on how competently the user-written software has been integrated into default application packages, many users may not be aware of the distinction between the original packages, and what has been added by coworkers.

Execution

Computer software has to be "loaded" into the computer's storage (such as the hard drive or memory). Once the software has loaded, the computer is able to execute the software. This involves passing instructions from the application software, through the system software, to the hardware which ultimately receives the instruction as machine

code. Each instruction causes the computer to carry out an operation moving data, carrying out a computation, or altering the control flow of instructions. Data movement is typically from one place in memory to another. Sometimes it involves moving data between memory and registers which enable high-speed data access in the CPU. Moving data, especially large amounts of it, can be costly. So, this is sometimes avoided by using "pointers" to data instead. Computations include simple operations such as incrementing the value of a variable data element. More complex computations may involve many operations and data elements together.
Quality and reliability

Software quality is very important, especially for commercial and system software like Microsoft Office, Microsoft Windows and Linux. If software is faulty (buggy), it can delete a person's work, crash the computer and do other unexpected things. Faults and errors are called "bugs." Many bugs are discovered and eliminated (debugged) through software testing. However, software testing rarely if ever eliminates every bug; some programmers say that "every program has at least one more bug" (Lubarsky's Law). All major software companies, such as Microsoft, Novell and Sun Microsystems, have their own software testing departments with the specific goal of just testing. Software can be tested through unit testing, regression testing and other methods, which are done manually, or most commonly, automatically, since the amount of code to be tested can be quite large. For instance, NASA has extremely rigorous software testing procedures for many operating systems and communication functions. Many NASA based operations interact and identify each other through command programs called software. This enables many people who work at NASA to check and evaluate functional systems overall. Programs containing command software enable hardware engineering and system operations to function much easier together.
License

The software's license gives the user the right to use the software in the licensed environment. Some software comes with the license when purchased off the shelf, or an

OEM license when bundled with hardware. Other software comes with a free software license, granting the recipient the rights to modify and redistribute the software. Software can also be in the form of freeware or shareware.
Patents

Software can be patented in some but not all countries; however, software patents can be controversial in the software industry with many people holding different views about it. The controversy over software patents is about specific algorithms or techniques that the software contains, which may not be duplicated by others and considered intellectual property and copyright infringement depending on the severity.

Design and implementation

A screenshot of a piece of computer software that implements the board game shogi with a graphical user interface

Design and implementation of software varies depending on the complexity of the software. For instance, design and creation of Microsoft Word software will take much more time than designing and developing Microsoft Notepad because of the difference in functionalities in each one. Software is usually designed and created (coded/written/programmed) in integrated development environments (IDE) like Eclipse, Emacs and Microsoft Visual Studio that can simplify the process and compile the program. As noted in different section, software is usually created on top of existing software and the application programming

interface (API) that the underlying software provides like GTK+, JavaBeans or Swing. Libraries (APIs) are categorized for different purposes. For instance, JavaBeans library is used for designing enterprise applications, Windows Forms library is used for designing graphical user interface (GUI) applications like Microsoft Word, and Windows Communication Foundation is used for designing web services. Underlying computer programming concepts like quicksort, hash table, array, and binary tree can be useful to creating software. When a program is designed, it relies on the API. For instance, if a user is designing a Microsoft Windows desktop application, he/she might use the .NET Windows Forms library to design the desktop application and call its APIs like Form1.Close() and Form1.Show()[6] to close or open the application and write the additional operations him/herself that it need to have. Without these APIs, the programmer needs to write these APIs him/herself. Companies like Sun Microsystems, Novell, and Microsoft provide their own APIs so that many applications are written using their software libraries that usually have numerous APIs in them. Computer software has special economic characteristics that make its design, creation, and distribution different from most other economic goods.[specify][7][8] A person who creates software is called a programmer, software engineer or software developer, terms that all have a similar meaning.

Industry and organizations

Main article: Software industry

A great variety of software companies and programmers in the world comprise a software industry. Software can be quite a profitable industry: Bill Gates, the founder of Microsoft was the richest person in the world in 2009 largely by selling the Microsoft Windows and Microsoft Office software products. The same goes for Larry Ellison, largely through his Oracle database software. Through time the software industry has become increasingly specialized. Non-profit software organizations include the Free Software Foundation, GNU Project and Mozilla Foundation. Software standard organizations like the W3C, IETF develop

software standards so that most software can interoperate through standards such as XML, HTML, HTTP or FTP. Other well-known large software companies include Novell, SAP, Symantec, Adobe Systems, and Corel, while small companies often provide innovation.

The Impressive Star

The Company Formerly known as Star Financial Softwares. Impressive Star Softwares Pvt. Ltd. (ISPL) is the oldest partner of Tally Solutions in Rajasthan. Since it's inception in 1994 & amalgamation with Impressive Technologies, We are catering the needs of state business with all profiles of Tally. TORCH BEARERs Impressive Star is the brain child of Mr. Jai Bohra and Mr. Soam Shekhar who happened to be business mates as the erstwhile Impressive Technologies & Star Financial Solutions Mr. Soam Shekhar, B.E. (Mech) 1st division from MREC, Jaipur Mr. Jai Bohra,has proved that if you work towards your goals with earnestness and single- minded devotion nothing is impossible. He is himself a paragon of intelligence, diligence and prudence and his charming manners and spirit rub on to all the employees. The Team: We are having a collection of highly skilled & experienced professional, dedicated for channel, End-Customer, Support System & Development etc. Some of the product specialists of ours are continuously engaged with Tally Solutions to make the product better & better everyday. The Network: More then 200 resellers & service partners spread across the state. This channel delivers end to end solution for the daily business needs. Along with this we are having

an association with 300 CA firms & Referral partners for concept sharing & extended reach.

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About Us The Company Formerly known as Star Financial Softwares. Impressive Star Softwares Pvt. Ltd. (ISPL) is the oldest partner of Tally Solutions in Rajasthan. Since it's inception in 1994 & amalgamation with Impressive Technologies, We are catering the needs of state business with all profiles of Tally. Products: We offer Indias no. 1 accounting & business management solution Tally in single & multiuser mode & also upgradations from earlier versions. Shoper retails solution is another market leader from Tally. This is widely used in retails for efficient operations. We also offer Attendance Systems, Smart cards & Bar coding systems. Solutions: Tally is the most preferred business solutions in India. ISPL delivers all flavors of Tally Solution i.e. Accounting Solutions, Retail Solutions, Customization, Project Implementation & Consultancy, Corporate Training, Support Calls & ASCs. SMS solutions, ERP & CRM Solutions are also in our kitty. The Team: We are having a collection of highly skilled & experienced professional, dedicated for channel, End-Customer, Support System & Development etc. Some of the product specialists of ours are continuously engaged with Tally Solutions to make the product better & better everyday. The Network: More then 200 resellers & service partners spread across the state. This channel delivers end to end solution for the daily business needs. Along with this we are having an association with 300 CA firms & Referral partners for concept sharing & extended reach. Our Customers: Being the oldest partner of the state, we are having the largest customer base. This consists of all Trades, Services, Professions, industries, Government & Institutions. ISPL is having more then 10,000 customers across the globe for products & services. Year Establishment Legal Firm Nature Business Number of11 to 25 People ofWholesaler, Service Provider Status ofPrivate Limited Company of1994

Employees Turnover Rs. 10 - 25 Crore ( or US$ 2 Mn - 5 Mn Approx.) Contact Us Company name Contact Person Telephone Address : : : : Impressive Star Softwares Private Limited Mr. Jai Bohra +(91)-(141)-4041515 F-3, Mayur Apartment, Raj Bhawan Road, CivilLines, Jaipur - 302 006, Rajasthan, India

Impressive Vision
To make business grow exponentially with the help of our intelligent business solutions.To be a Global Player in the business solution domain by delivering stat of the art products & services. We will always strive hard towards the betterment of Customers, Partners and People.

All our businesses are targeted at maintaining the highest levels of environmental integrity and cost-competitiveness. We firmly believe that eco-friendly business practices are the key to the preservation and protection of our natural resources.

Our people are our biggest resource. We invest in them and in their development so as to enable them to meet new challenges in an ever changing environment.

Mission Impressive
Our Mission To have significant presence both nationally and internationally and to one day make IMPRESSIVE STAR a name to reckon with, round the world.

Quality At Impressive Star Quality is a passion, we are fully aware that if IMPRESSIVE STAR is to become a Leader, we should be able to vie with the best. Our highly committed and motivated team is constantly engaged in trying to see that no compromises are made on this front. Core Values

Constant Innovation Committed delivery schedule Customer Delight

Uncompromising commitment to Quality, Performance& Excellence

Our Customers
Being the oldest and master partner of the state, we are having the largest customer base. This consists of all Trades, Services, Professions, industries, Government & Institutions. ISPL is having more then 10,000 customers across the globe for products & services.

Priority Services (AMCs)

After the years of continuous developments & regular enhancements Tally is now the all purpose business solution. The latest version of Tally ERP9 is having hundreds of new features / improvements within it. Still many of users are using it in the same way they were using the older one. Many of hidden features are yet to be revealed but how? Many shortcuts, which can slash your hours time into minutes But who knows? Many features that can automate your MIS, cut down you costs, increase your efficiency In short you can do miracle with Tally. Hence, you always need the experts assistance to unleash the power within your Tally.ERP 9

All the above & more packed in a single bucket The ISPL Tally Support Pack. This is an annual commitment for making your ERP always on the go. Through this annual service contract we will be extending our courteous services to your door steps.

Benefits of ISPL Tally Support Pack

1. Regular Expert Visits to perform routine maintenance 2. Call Based visits as & when you require 3. Timely & accurately application of Patches, Update & releases 4. Proper Implementation of statutory Changes / Updates 5. Receive Free Tips & Tricks 6. Stay current with latest happenings in Tally 7. Discounts in Trainings, Renewals & Add-On Modules 8. Discounts in additional services like Customization, Synchronization, Implementation etc. 9. Discounts in other products like SMS Solution, Shoper, Attendance Systems 10. Discounts in Additional Licenses, AMCs, Upgrades 11. Telephonic Support 12. Instant Support via Remote Desktop. 13. Participation in Free Training Camps 14. Free ISPL Tally Module

Free tune-up utilities for your system

Partner Benefits
As per estimates, there are over 80 Lakh businesses that urgently need to leverage Information & Communication Technology (ICT) to grow or continue to stay in business. With over 62% of first time buyers of Personal Computers going in for Finance and Accounting, and with Tally.ERP 9 commanding 92% market share, partnering with Tally boosts revenues and fuels growth.

Although Tally.ERP 9 is perceived as a "mass-market" product, everyone benefits from

one-to-one engagements, and Tally welcomes partnerships with organisations that appreciate this business model.

Additionally, as a partner, Shoper 9 enables you to reach into the booming retail business - for you to forge long term relationships and look forward to ongoing revenues.

The entire structure is supported by strong Partner training and toll-free support.

If you are interested to partner with Tally, then become a Tally Partner with Impressive. A team from Impressive will get in touch with you to explore and understand how to address this huge opportunity that lies ahead, jointly.

Large Enterprises
Two Decades of Experience...!

All your accounting requirements and more are supported in Tally.ERP 9. Accounting, also known as bookkeeping, is the recording and classifying of financial transactions into the books of accounts and associated registers.

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With the entry of a voucher (this is what we call all accounting transactions) all books of accounts, all reports, all totals & sub-totals are updated instantly. There is nothing more that needs to be done - whether you are inserting a forgotten entry, or correcting one Taxation requirements of all the States of India are available, in the prescribed formats Supporting tasks like reminder letters, delayed interest, ageing, bank reconciliation One single dashboard to view all important business ratios Drill down from any report, even the Balance Sheet, right to any voucher, or filter and search Data entry in the language of the users choice, and report in any other language (from the languages supported) Mark vouchers that are draft as 'optional' and convert these to final, with one click