1.

Introduction
An important point to take into consideration for a mobile network and cell selection is that the network must be able to route calls toward the subscriber. The infrastructure must know some minimum Information concerning the location of the subscriber to do so. This information can be provided only by the MS, and the service provided to the user depends on the consistency between the location Currently assessed by the infrastructure and the cell chosen by the MS. It is then necessary to look at how the infrastructure deals with calls toward SM subscribers. In order to avoid a waste of signaling, when a mobile terminated call has to be established, the system is designed to look for a subscriber !paged" in a group of cells of the system. This group of cells belongs to the same #ocation Area !#A". Therefore, the MS must inform the system of the #A in which the subscriber should be paged. It does so by a location updating procedure. The network, on the other hand, must store the present #A of each subscriber. $ach change of #A puts an e%tra load, not only on the infrastructure e&uipment, but also on the radio path. 'A I( and #)CATI)( A*$AS The goal is to minimi+e resource consumption, taking into account the signalling load on the radio path !both from paging and location updating" as well as the processing load of the e&uipment. The #ocation ,pdating procedure is carried out in order to inform the network about the location and availability of the subscribers. If an MS wants to obtain normal service from a cell, and in particular to receive calls, it must make sure the MS is registered in the #A of its current serving cell. Three different types of #ocation ,pdating are defined(ormal location updating used when the MS has selected a cell that belongs to a new #A. LAC Re-Dimensioning Pune BSNL Network Page 2 IMSI attach used when the MS is powered on or the SIM is put into the mo i!e e"uipment# Periodic updating used to pre$ent MS %rom ecoming accidenta!!& detached %rom the s&stem' It shou!d e remem ered that the sma!!er the si(es o% the LA) the !ower the paging !oad ut the higher the num er o% Location *pdates' Con$erse!&) the igger the si(e o% the LA) the higher the paging !oad and the !ower the num er o% Location *pdates' +%%ecti$e!&) the LA is chosen to ensure that

Paging congestion wi!! not occur and that BSC !oad is accepta !e' ,ithin these constraints) the LA shou!d e designed to - e as !arge as possi !e in order to minimi(e the num er o% oundar& ce!!s# - ensure the oundar& etween two LAs occurs in c!ear hand o$er area where the risk o% ping- pong Location *pdate is minimum# -keep the tra%%ic %!ow etween the LAs to a minimum' Re%erence Document- .ptimum Location Area P!anning /2D0112234111P566A7' 88' Location Areas dimensioning 2'8Location Area genera! design
9he ma:imum si(e o% a Location Area is main!& dri$en & the ma: num er o% paging it can hand!e) i'e' & the tra%%ic seen on this Location Area' Paging messages are transmitted within CCC; !ocks

contained within each <8 mu!ti-%rame' Nr' o% %rames according to BCC; con%igurationBCC; Channe! 0CC; SC; BCC; SDCC; SACC; CCC; d! DL 9ota! SDCC; SACC; RACC; *L 9ota! LAC Re-Dimensioning Pune BSNL Network Page 3
9he down!ink CCC; is shared in%!uence this) areetween PC; and A5C;' 9he di%%erent parameters) which

Com ined < < = 8> ? 82 <1 8> ? 24 <8

NonCom ine d' < < = 1 1 3> <1 1 1 <8 <8

- CCC;@C.N0- de%inition o% the CCC; con%iguration /com ined or not com ined7'
- BS@A5@BLA@R+S- num er o% !ocks reser$ed %or the A5C;'A !ock is the in%ormation transmitted on %our consecuti$e 9DMA %rames on the CCC;' 9he de%au!t parameters are-

BS@A5@BLA@R+S B 8 in com ined mode BS@A5@BLA@R+S B = in *n-com ined mode 0rom the 9a !e a o$e) it is seen that there are -in Com ined Mode - 82C= B3 !ocks a$ai!a !e %or PC; and A5C;'

-in Not Com ined Mode - 3>C= B2 !ocks %or PC; and A5C;' 9here are2 CCC; !ocks per M<8 %rame /duration o% one M<8 is 23< ms7 %ornoncom ined ce!!s' Among those 2 !ocks) 2 minus BS@A5@BLA@R+S are reser$ed %or paging /BS@A5@BLA@R+SB= as an usua! de%au!t $a!ue %or non-com ined ce!!s7' 9here are3 CCC; !ocks per M<8 %rame %or com ined ce!!s' Among those 3 !ocks) 3 minus BS@A5@BLA@R+S are reser$ed %or paging /BS@A5@BLA@R+SB8 as an usua! de%au!t $a!ue %or com ined ce!!s7' 9hus) with the a o$e settings %or BS@A5@BLA@R+S-in Com ined Mode -2 !ocks area$ai!a !e %or paging channe!s -in Not Com ined Mode-< !ocks in notcom ined mode) respecti$e!&'
Depending o% the usage o% IMSI or 9MSI) %rom 8 to = mo i!es can e paged simu!taneous!&

Paging re"uest t&pe 8- 2 mo i!es /IMSI or 9MSI7 Paging re"uest t&pe 2- up to 3 mo i!es /2 IMSI) 8 9MSI7 Paging re"uest t&pe 3- up to = mo i!es /= 9MSI7 LAC Re-Dimensioning Pune BSNL Network Page = 9he ma:imum num er o% paging per Location Area is deri$ed %rom the paging !imitations at *m inter%ace) A is Inter%ace and BSC side' 82'8'8 *m inter%ace Limit with Com ined ce!!s A 2 PagingCPC; $a!ue has een used to deri$e the ma:imum paging !oad per Location Area' A $a!ue o% 3 paging or e$en = paging per PC; can e reached i% and on!& i%Dhigh PC; !oad /E ?1F7' 9he /sa%e7 engineering !imit taken !ater makes !ike!& that this !oad is not reached' Indeed the CCC; capacit& is not a !inear %unction ecause o% the paging re"uest encoding method' Rea! time simu!ations per%ormed interna!!& show that when the 3 PagingCPC; ratio is reached we usua!!& ha$e a high !ocking rate on PC; /a out <F7) which wi!! induce repetition & the MSC' D$er& good distri ution o% MS among a!! paging groups' 9his depends on the IMSI distri ution' A 3s duration is a rea!istic appro:imation $a!ue %or SDCC; ;o!ding times e$ents' 0ina!!&) we o tain the %o!!owing $a!ues' A$ai!a !e !ocks %or paging per hour2 PC;CMu!ti%rame G /3>11s C 23< ms7 B 31 >3? PC; C hour Paging per hour2 paging C B!ock : 31 >3? B!ocksB>8 24> pagingChour at 811F !oad' ,hen the 41F engineering !imit is app!ied) we o tain =2 ?21 pagingChour' I% this !imit is too !ow) uncom ining the CCC; ena !e to enhance this ma:imum num er o% paging at *m !e$e!' LAC Re-Dimensioning Pune BSNL Network Page < 2'8'2 *m inter%ace Limit with *ncom ined ce!!s 9he ca!cu!ation is simi!ar to the one re!ated to com ined ce!! a o$e' 9he on!& di%%erence is a higher num er o% paging !ocks per M <8 %rame'

0ina!!&) we o tain the %o!!owing $a!ues' A$ai!a !e !ocks %or paging per hour< PC;CMu!ti%rame G /3>11s C 23< ms7 B 4> <2> PC; C hour Paging per hour2 paging C B!ock : 4> <2> B!ocksB8<3 822 pagingChour at 811F !oad' ,hen the 41F engineering !imit is app!ied) we o tain 814 23= pagingChour' 2'8'3 Moderation 0actor princip!e 9he Moderation 0actor is de%ined as the ratio etween the actua! tra%%ic incurred & the BSC at its us& hour and the Htheoretica!I tra%%ic %igure o tained & summing the ma:imum tra%%ic generated & each connected ce!! according to the +r!ang B ru!e' It has een noticed that the actua! tra%%ic incurred & the BSC is genera!!& signi%icant!& !ower than the Htheoretica!I tra%%ic ca!cu!ated as a o$e' 9his Htheoretica!I ca!cu!ation does not account %or the %act that the ma:imum tra%%ic is not reached simu!taneous!& in each ce!!) or that not a!! the 9RJs o% a B9S or a!! the 9ra%%ic Channe!s o% a 9RJ are %u!!& used# see K?L %or more detai!s' 9he $a!ue o% the Moderation 0actor can $ar& $er& signi%icant!& depending on the network conte:t# e:cept %or $er& dense ur an areas) a ma:imum $a!ue o% 1'? ma& a!read& e used# signi%icant!& !ower $a!ues ma& e$en e used in man& cases' 0or Su -*r an or Rura! area a moderation %actor o% 1'2 cou!d e used'
82'2 +stimated num er o% Paging-

9he tota! num er o% estimated pagings on the Location Area is o tained with some assumptions+stimated M PagingC;our B 9ota! incoming 9ra%%ic : N /A$erage Mo i!e 9erminated Ratio7 C /A$erage9ra%%icCCa!!Chour7O LAC Re-Dimensioning Pune BSNL Network Page > 83' +:amp!e 0or Pune' 83'8 Present Da& BSNL Pune Network' 2D At present there are 81 %unctiona! BSC s in Pune cit&' 3D 9he tota! no' o% LACs in these 81 BSC is 88' =D Apart %rom the LACs %or sites outside Pune cit&) there are around 2 LACs in main Pune cit&' <D *nder the present situation we ha$e man& LAC oundaries in high tra%%ic (ones o% the cit& as seen e!ow' LAC Re-Dimensioning Pune BSNL Network Page 4 A!most <-> LAC Boundaries in ;igh 9ra%%ic 6one'
DAs seen %rom the a o$e s!ide there are a!most %i$e LAC oundaries in the ;igh 9ra%%ic 6ones o% the cit&'

D9his !eads to a high no' o% Location updates e$er& time a Mo i!e Station tra$e!s %rom one LA to another' D9o a$oid this the LA si(e has to e increased keeping in mind the paging re"uirements' D9he LA si(e shou!d not e too !arge so that there is paging congestion in the network'

D9his can e ca!cu!ated as e!ow' 83'2 So!ution %or Pune' 8D 0irst o% a!! we need to know the tra%%ic pattern %or the pune cit&) through which the paging per BSC can e estimated' 2D 9his can e seen %rom the 9a !e Be!ow' BSC Pune@8 Pune@2 Pune@3 Pune@= Pune@< Pune@> Pune@? Pune@2 Pune@8 1 Pune@8 8 9ota! 9R J 3<1 2?8 323 222 3<1 8<2 ?> 83= 2<? 222 2<8 ? Designed +r!' 8>41 8444 2181 8?1< 8?1< >41 <== 821 814< 23< 82=?8 9ra%%ic in +r! with 1'? Moderation %actor 833>'11 8=28'>1 8>1?'11 8==='11 8==='11 <3>'11 =3<'21 8<2'11 ?>1'11 4=?'11 22?='11 +stimated PagingsC;our+stimated ;our >23=4 >>3=8 4<1=1 >43?4 >43?4 2<183 21312 4123 =1833 3=214 =><2<4

LAC Re-Dimensioning Pune BSNL Network Page ?

3'2'8' Parameter Settings 0or Pune BSNL'

CCC;@C.N0 B Non Com ined' BS@A5@BLA@R+S B 1' Based on these two parameters the tota! paging !imit per LAC is Paging per hour2 pagingC !ockG 2 PC;CMu!ti%rameG /3>11sC23<ms7 B 2)4<)4== PagingC;our at 811 F Load' ,hen 41F engineering !imit is app!ied) we o tain 8)23)128 PagingsC;our' So ased on the a o$e ca!cu!ations and the tota! estimated PagingsC ;our we can sa& that pune cit& can e o$era!! di$ided in three LAC areas' 9he resu!ting change in the pune cit& network wou!d e as seen e!ow' LAC Re-Dimensioning Pune BSNL Network Page 2
Page ?

LAC Re-Dimensioining Pune BSNL Network Page 81 .n!& 9hree LAC Boundaries in ;igh 9ra%%ic 6one 8D AS seen %rom the a o$e s!ide the LAC Boundaries are reduced creating a hea!th& Network' 2D LAC %or the rest o% the BSNL Maharashtra Network can e R+DIM+NSI.N+D in a simi!ar %ashion'

3D Pre%era !& a!! the ce!!s in one LA shou!d e concentrated geographica!!& as we!!' +ND .0 D.C*M+N9 LAC Re-Dimensioining Pune BSNL Network Page 88