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Foreword A. Introduction
B. Design Guidelines
Usability
Operability
Quality
Value
C. Appendix
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Foreword
Railway stations are at the heart of the nations psyche. They feature in blockbuster lms, romantic novels and the skylines of many towns and cities. However, they are far more important to the nation than as mere artistic reference points. Millions of people use the nations railway stations every day. Towns and cities have often developed around them, placing railway stations in the heart of many communities. The station can often help to provide an identity or symbol for the town or city; it can act as a point of reference as well as a civic amenity for people who want to use the stations facilities, whether they are travelling or not. Done well, their design and operation helps to facilitate the success of the national rail network. A successful railway station will add to the passenger experience as well as support the economic, social and environmental benets of rail. Their effective integration with other modes of transport and the surrounding area can provide for an end-to-end journey experience that makes sustainable public transport a real alternative to private vehicle usage. Given these varying demands on stations it is vitally important that they are planned, designed and improved in a manner that recognises all that they have to offer. I hope that this Guide will aid promoters, planners, architects and sponsors of station schemes to develop railway stations that maintain and enhance the legacy and contribution of stations going forward. Finally, I would like to thank the individuals and organisations who helped to shape and review this document including: Department for Transport, CABE, Transport for London, Stagecoach South West Trains, First Group, Disabled Persons Transport Advisory Committee, Passenger Focus, London TravelWatch, English Heritage, PTEG and Transport Scotland.
Foreword
A. Introduction
B. Design Guidelines
Usability
Operability
Quality
Value
C. Appendix
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DESIGN GUIDELINES
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Contents
Section A. Introduction Section B. Design Guidelines Theme 1: Usability Theme 2: Operability Theme 3: Quality Theme 4: Value Section C. Appendix Glossary of Terms Relevant Reference Documents Network Rail Investment Process Evaluation Framework 109 110 112 115 1 11 19 43 69 91
Foreword A. Introduction
B. Design Guidelines
Usability
Operability
Quality
Value
C. Appendix
Introduction
Design Guidelines
Appendices
Section A
Section B
Sets out a design framework and presents the thematically grouped design criteria
Section C
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Spatial organisation in London Liverpool Street station results in distinct zones for retail and passenger activities.
Foreword
A. Introduction
About Network Rail
User priorities
Spatial Priorities
B. Design Guidelines
Usability
Operability
Quality
Value
C. Appendix
Issue 1
INTRODUCTION
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Section A
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Introduction
Foreword
A. Introduction
About Network Rail
User priorities
Spatial Priorities
B. Design Guidelines
Usability
Operability
Quality
Value
C. Appendix
Issue 1
INTRODUCTION
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Manchester Piccadilly Station provides an active, comfortable passenger environment with good service information.
Foreword
A. Introduction
About Network Rail
User priorities
Spatial Priorities
B. Design Guidelines
Usability
Operability
Quality
Value
C. Appendix
INTRODUCTION
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Foreword
A. Introduction
About Network Rail
User priorities
Spatial Priorities
B. Design Guidelines
Usability
Operability
Quality
Value
C. Appendix
Note: While this Guide relates primarily to the facilities experienced by passengers and station visitors, it also relates to the design of wider facilities that interface with these amenities. This includes waste management, servicing and maintenance and staff accommodation. It does not relate to track, signalling, overhead line equipment or other railway systems design.
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Foreword
A. Introduction
About Network Rail
components, e.g. platforms, is available in the Network Rail Design and Construction Handbook, which should be read in conjunction with this Guide. In particular the Guide: Presents an overview of Network Rails approach to station design in a single, easily accessible resource. Provides a design framework to help balance the varied objectives of all parties involved in the design and operation of stations. Promotes the importance of stations in terms of regeneration, accessibility and the environment. Identies ways for stations to integrate into their local context and community more successfully. Ensures that facilities proposed for station developments give due consideration to sizing, cost and commercial opportunity. Seeks to raise awareness of good practices in station design.
The Guide forms part of a coordinated strategy for the design and management of stations and relates to a wider suite of station planning and design documentation, including: Station Capacity Assessment Guidelines. Network Route Utilisation Strategies (Stations). Managed Stations Waynding Guidelines. Audience The Guide is intended to support sponsors and project managers throughout the design and development process. It is hoped that all parties involved in station design and operations will nd its approach useful and consistent with their own design approach or standards. Widespread adoption of the Guides approach and considerations will assist in co-promotion of stations and help to deliver station environments that consistently meet with the needs of all user groups and stakeholders.
User priorities
Spatial Priorities
B. Design Guidelines
Usability
Operability
Quality
Value
C. Appendix
INTRODUCTION
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A. Introduction
About Network Rail
User priorities
Spatial Priorities
B. Design Guidelines
Usability
Operability
Quality
Value
C. Appendix
This Guide recognises the need for compliance with all legislative requirements in accordance with Network Rails role as a Statutory Undertaker. It also acknowledges the need to refer to established user group representatives to help inform the design process. A range of useful guidance and policy documents are located at the end of this Guide (see Relevant Reference Documents ).
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User priorities
Station designs need to cater for a broad range of activities and should be resilient to the changing conditions experienced within a station, both during the operational day and throughout the year. Depending on context, station design may also need to accommodate a range of operational scenarios, such as major events, changes to service, or adverse weather conditions. The design of a station must recognise the differing needs and aspirations of the stations varied stakeholders and user groups. As a minimum requirement all users should expect a clean, efficient, accessible, reliable, safe and legible facility but over and above this, individual user groups may have particular expectations or needs. Some of the most relevant are outlined here. Commuters gain familiarity with a station through daily use. With low dwell times on stations, the overriding objective is to minimise journey time. They require: Reliable services supported by real time information on delays and service disruption. Efficient transfer. Direct access to and from station thresholds, including access to car parking and taxi pick-up and drop-off points. Fast and efficient ticket collection. Convenient retail facilities. Real time information displays for onward travel. Business Travellers are frequent travellers, used to rst-class facilities and high levels of comfort. Periods of time spent on stations will vary, often according to connecting services or modes. They require: High-quality, comfortable waiting areas. Clean, efficient and functional facilities. Direct access to and from station thresholds, including access to car parking and taxi pick up and drop off points. Fast and efficient ticket collection. Convenient retail and food and beverage outlets. Real time information displays for onward travel. Leisure users and tourists are typically less time constrained and generally less familiar with rail stations than commuters. A range of factors such as language constraints, baggage and cultural differences may drive their needs. They require: A welcoming, safe environment that promotes understanding and reassurance. Accessible route provision and ease of navigation through legible design, waynding and clear, consistent information. Left luggage facilities and a visible staff presence. A range of food and beverage and retail outlets. Real time information displays for onward travel. Station visitors: are those who may wish to use the station for non-travelling purposes. This group is likely to include people that arrive to meet and greet family and friends, use the station to shop or to eat. Their needs are met by the diversity of station functions and amenities. They require: A range of food and beverage and retail outlets. Clean, comfortable and safe waiting areas and meeting points with departure and arrivals information and waynding. Attractive and accessible public spaces. Short-term parking and kiss and ride facilities. Real time information displays for onward travel.
Foreword
A. Introduction
About Network Rail
User priorities
Spatial Priorities
B. Design Guidelines
Usability
Operability
Quality
Value
C. Appendix
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User priorities
Station Managers and Train Operators are primarily measured on train service performance, customer satisfaction and patronage levels. Being commercial entities they seek to optimise revenues while minimising operating costs. They require: Appropriate back-of-house space to accommodate operational and staff requirements. Efficient and accessible movement of passengers with efficient, simple and convenient connections between services. Clean, attractive and comfortable passenger and staff facilities to support the overall passenger journey experience. A range of retail opportunities where commercially viable. Provision for planned maintenance and associated use of servicing equipment that doesnt impact on train or station operations. Transport Authority/Agency / PTEs are responsible for the development of integrated transport networks. This sometimes includes responsibility for roads as well as public transport. They require: Effective integration with other modes of transport and focus on an end-to-end journey experience. Inuence over mode choice to access the rail network in more sustainable fashion and inuence over demand for modes to match available capacity. Inclusive and accessible places that meet with broader social objectives of inclusivity and accessibility. Local authorities see station improvements as an opportunity to support economic growth and regeneration of an area through enhanced access to jobs and services. This results in: An enhanced built and natural environment that encourages investment in the area. A high quality urban realm that is safe and attractive to the station user. Integration with other transport modes (where there is no separate transport authority). Increased legibility, permeability and catchment around the station. Commercial and retail operators (as well as developers) will want to provide facilities that yield high visitor numbers and maximise revenues through longer dwell times on stations. They require: A high quality, mixed-use space within the station with appropriate commercial premises located to maximise footfall. A range of goods and services appropriate to the size, location and function of the station. An offer that extends beyond travelling passengers. Appropriate back-of-house space to accommodate operational and staff needs. Efficient servicing access.
Foreword
A. Introduction
About Network Rail
User priorities
Spatial Priorities
B. Design Guidelines
Usability
Operability
Quality
Value
C. Appendix
Issue 1
INTRODUCTION
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Landmark design delivers a strong sense of place and a quality passenger experience. St Pancras International station, London.
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B. Design Guidelines
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Value
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Spatial Priorities
The needs of a typical passenger can be represented in three key zones of a station. These are: the Access Zone, the Facilities Zone and the Platform Zone. The extent and quantity of facilities within each zone will vary, but in each case the welcome offered and the quality of the service should remain the same wherever the station is on the network. This will ensure that passengers and station visitors will have condence in the total journey experience and can anticipate how their requirements will be met when visiting a station for the rst time. Effective spatial management plays a signicant role in the logic and quality of passenger and station visitor movement, supported by subsidiary systems such as station waynding and information displays. Consideration should be given to the differing needs of arriving and departing passengers. Departing passengers need access to buy tickets and to obtain accurate travel information related to their intended journey. Arriving passengers contemplating onward journeys need directions and information related to those journeys. Some of this information can be located within the Facilities Zone, but most of it needs to be colocated with the relevant mode. A summary of the typical activities or facilities found in the three key Zones are: Zone 1: Access and Interchange Zone 1 acts as a gateway between the station and its surrounding environment. Key requirements in Zone 1 are provision of clear, unobstructed movement to external destinations - such as office/ residential developments or other transport modes - and to/ from station facilities within Zone 2 ensuring accessible, legible and safe navigation to, from and through the station. For external movements, it is often necessary to consider those that extend beyond the physical boundary of the station through areas that may be managed by third party organisations. Zone 1 designs should cater for the differing requirements of arriving and departing passengers.
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Reference Documents
Zone 2
Facilities Zone
Zone 3
(Passenger Amenities)
Platform Zone
(Boarding/Alighting)
Car/ Taxi Bus Ped Rec Left Lug. Station Management Staff
Station zones
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Spatial Priorities
Zone 2: Core facilities and Services It is within Zone 2 that the primary travel needs of passengers and station visitors are generally met, with the range of passenger information, services and facilities and their distribution and location being key to the planning of this Zone. Key facilities - such as travel information, waiting areas, toilets, left luggage, retail and food and beverage - should follow a logical grouping based around the needs of the passenger and should be visible (or be clearly signed) from the point of access from adjacent zones. Sight of the Platform Zone can help the passenger judge the time that it will take to gain access to the platform. Addressing these needs as soon as possible upon arrival in the zone will help facilitate a positive passenger experience. Zone 3: Platforms Access between Zone 2 and Zone 3 (platform) is often controlled by ticket checks, whether by manual inspection or Automatic Ticket Gates (ATGs). This threshold ensures that train access and egress can be managed safely and securely. At this stage of a journey, passengers have the means to travel and are well informed. All that remains is to ensure that timely departure information is available and that safe boarding and alighting is facilitated. In some instances - where through platforms also act as waiting areas - the boundary between the Zones 2 and 3 may not be clearly dened. In these instances it is important that the quality of the service, facility and/or space is maintained such that the overall journey experience remains positive.
Foreword
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About Network Rail
User priorities
Spatial Priorities
B. Design Guidelines
Usability
Operability
Quality
Value
C. Appendix
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Section B
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Design Guidelines
This Guide will be relevant to new or enhancement projects as well as to major renewals or maintenance projects and will help to meet the needs of all stakeholders. It can be used on all design stages of a project, from developing the design brief to evaluating an existing station or assessing proposed design solutions.
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B. Design Guidelines
Design Framework and Themes
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Design and Evaluation Framework
Example Evaluation Framework
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U1 Movement
U1.1 Plan spatial capacity to meet with predicted future demand U1.2 Design legible spaces, with direct, convenient routes U1.3 Provide multiple access points to increase permeability and catchment area U1.4 Provide high quality lighting to support passenger movement and activities
O1 Station operations
V1 Whole-life costs
V1.1 Consider whole-life and life-cycle costs V1.2 Optimise functionality of built design
O1.1 Provide appropriate spatial capacity for all Q1.1 Design station facilities to integrate with the station functions public realm O1.2 Coordinate modal integration Q1.2 Design for an interconnected network of streets, footpaths, bike routes and public O1.3 Provide for efficient service vehicle and delivery spaces access and storage Q1.3 Encourage provision of active public spaces in O1.4 Provide appropriate and convenient surrounding areas facilities for station staff
C. Appendix
Q3 Sense of Place
Q3.1 Locate and design stations to promote a positive image and identity while respecting their local context Q3.2 Consider landmark design where demand or status provides justication Q3.3 Add value through landscaping and public art
O4 Be secure by design
O4.1 Assess and minimise the risk of malicious practices or natural threats through secure and sensitive design O4.2 Prevent crime through environmental design O4.3 Design usable, active and secure facilities and spaces for day and night use O4.4 Provide for effective use of CCTV
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Application of the evaluation framework can inform the response of planners, designers and operators to a fundamental set of questions: is it functional; is it affordable; can it be built; is it maintainable?
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Comments
Actions
A. Introduction
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Q3 Sense of place
Q3.1 Promote a positive image and identity sympathetic to the local context Is the facility design appropriate and responsive to its local context? Does the station design foster a distinctive identity? Q3.2 Landmark design Does status or demand justify distinctive, landmark design? Q3.2 Landscaping and publlc art Has landscaping and public art been considered and integrated as part of the built design?
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Good spatial organisation with clear sightlines and unobstructed passenger movements. Manchester Piccadilly Station.
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Usability
Stations and their surroundings incorporate a number of different functions. They offer public transport services arriving and departing from different locations, ticketing facilities, waiting areas, retail and catering (or other commercial) opportunities, and onward travel by bus, cycle, taxi or on foot. The movement of passengers, public transport vehicles and non-users through a station can be complex. Therefore, it is important to plan and design safe, legible and accessible spaces that make the use of our stations intuitive, attractive and accessible for all users. The design theme of Usability is covered by four design principles: Movement Access and Inclusivity Waynding and Passenger Information Comfort and Attractiveness
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Convenient, landscaped pedestrian and cycle connections with natural vegetation. Liverpool South Parkway
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U1 Movement1
A station is a dynamic environment, involving movement and potential conicts between a range of station users. Movement within and around the station environment should be logical, comfortable and optimised to minimise conict now and into the future. The design guidelines for Movement are presented in four sections, covering the following topics: U1.1: The planning of spatial capacity to meet with predicted future demand. U1.2: Guidance on how to design legible spaces, with direct, convenient routes and visibility. U1.3: The provision of adequate access points to facilitate entry and increase catchment area. U1.4: Guidance on the provision of high quality lighting to support movement and other passenger functions.
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1 Further guidance on the assessment, planning and modelling for pedestrian movement and capacity can be found in Network Rails Station Capacity Assessment Guide
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Fruin Level of Service Network Rail calculates its special requirements for operational premises taking into account a number of factors such as potential congestion, movement speeds and clearance times. One of the benchmark assessment criteria that is used to assess congestion is the Fruin Levels of Service (Fruin Levels of Service ) Further details of how this and other methodologies are to be used can be found in the Network Rail Station Capacity Assessment Guide.
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Temporary retail kiosk and A boards obstruct sightlines and movement spaces. Manchester Piccadilly station.
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U1.3 Provide multiple access points to increase permeability and catchment area
Taking into account the needs of security and operational integrity, stations should, where possible provide multiple points for pedestrian and vehicular access. Optimising access to the station claries connections to services, facilities and destinations while giving all users a greater choice of route to and from the station and help to minimise journey times. Design station layouts to maximise the number of direct connections to streets, transport hubs and destinations within the surrounding context to provide the greatest route choice for all users and increase the potential for mixed-use areas within and around the station. Ensure issues of severance with the local context and barriers from transport functions are mitigated or removed altogether, through intelligent and best practice design. Quantify the scale of movements to and from existing, and planned surrounding communities (residential, employment, retail or leisure areas, by foot or bicycle) to: assist in the planning of entry and exit points to and from stations; develop new pedestrian routes; inform decisions about enhancements; establish level of investment; minimise inter-modal conicts. Re-size existing, and open new, through routes to improve access into the whole station and allow people to move in straight lines rather than diverted paths. Ensure the design and location of access points adhere to the principles of Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (see O4 ).
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Multiple entry points provide permeable access and movement to, from and through Leeds station.
Work closely with key stakeholders to identify appropriate ways in which the catchment area of a station can be increased and integrated design solutions realised (see Q1 ).
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U1.4 Provide high quality lighting to support passenger movement and activities
Lighting plays a central role in creating comfortable, safe environments for customers, staff and other station users. Lighting that is appropriate to location and function will result in increased safety, legibility, accessibility, security, ambience and, therefore, public satisfaction. Integrate managed, natural lighting where possible to minimise energy consumption. Design a task-based lighting strategy to deliver light where and when it is needed appropriate to location and function that will: avoid glare, improve visibility, visual comfort and adaptation, especially for partially sighted and visually impaired users; prevent undesirable dark corners and potential vandalism; provide consistent light levels for visual comfort, understanding and safety. Provide consistent illumination through indirect lighting/ lighting of all surfaces (walls, ceilings and oor). Design lighting to minimise reected glare and avoid highly reective gloss nishes. Use lighting to dene routes between places and highlight important features and destinations without the need for additional infrastructure. Lighting from retail and other commercial outlets should not detract from these positive effects. Illuminated routes should be evenly lit, avoiding sudden changes in lighting levels, glare, dark spots or pooling that could create confusion for visually impaired users.
Balanced integration of managed daylight and artical illumination. Manchester Piccadilly station.
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Poor transition from articial light to daylight. Birmingham New Street station.
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Accessible design ensures stations are easy to use for all passengers and station users.
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U2.1 Provide obstacle and step free spaces to accommodate the needs of all users
Providing an accessible environment means making movement routes the same for all users, not requiring passengers with mobility or other impairments to follow circuitous routes away from principal passenger ows. Ensure that the environment is clutter free and that there is appropriate tonal contrast between oor and wall surfaces. Locate step-free routes in intuitive locations that are not isolated from the main pedestrian ows, with long sightlines highlighting their suitability. Locate wide, at-grade crossing at inter-modal connections set on desire lines and avoid level changes for underpasses and footbridges. Where barriers along a route require passengers with mobility impairments to take a detour, clearly identify alternative routes at the most appropriate decision point to allow timely route selection. Where stepped routes are unavoidable or are necessary, these should be clearly distinguished and signed (for example identifying ramp, stair, escalator and lift routes) with, the best possible accessible alternative identied on the same sign. Identify all hazards such as platform edges, change of grade at stairs and ramps with high contrast nishes, and ensure uniform lighting to minimise possible risk of accidents. Platform boarding edges shall have tactile warning surfaces and a contrasting edge along the full length of the public area of the platform.
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Lift entrance located on main pedestrian ow with good sightlines and uncluttered spaces to and from key destinations. Leeds station.
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Mobility buggies support movement for mobility-impaired passengers. Euston station, London.
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Lift located on desire lines with good natural surveillance and use of transparent structure. Paddington station, London.
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U3.1 Provide service information to meet with the needs of all passengers
Information needs vary by passenger type and journey stage. For example, regular commuters may value timely warning of disruptions or delays more than detailed timetables, visitors on the other hand, benet from simple service, ticket and location information that enables them to understand the journey options available to them. Disabled passengers, who may have concerns over their ability to move around safely require information on accessibility of stations, facilities and help that may be available for their particular needs. Provide for passenger information and announcements across the station environment including within concourse, platforms, retail, food & beverage and waiting areas electronically and through staff and static signage to ensure that passengers are aware of general information and information on service disruptions. Consider the use of audio and visual displays as well as mobile phones, audio loops, portable sound and near eld technologies to provide passengers with timely information where and when they need it. Ensure that traditional communication channels, including the use of printed information, tactile information and station staff are consistent with dynamic information including: Service departure information; Identication of interchange facilities and accessible routes to those facilities; Safety information and instructions; Warning, prohibition and mandatory actions. Use an appropriate tone of voice to help the passenger understand the relative importance of different pieces of information.
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Printed service information located centrally on the passenger concourse. London Waterloo station.
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Inter-modal information screen provides information for onward journeys. Gatwick Airport station.
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U3.2 Provide consistent waynding and signing, integrated with the built design
It is essential that signs be positioned where people need them most. These locations are generally route decision points, such as entrances, exits and junctions. Decision point signs normally provide directional information to way out routes, inter-modal transport connections, platforms and key facilities. Integrated waynding minimises physical obstructions to movement and helps station users see the station and its surroundings as part of one cohesive system. Signing for Network Rail Managed Stations must comply with the Network Rail Managed Stations Waynding and Signing Design Guidelines and Standards 2010, including the provision of temporary information as required during station improvement projects. Avoid excessive signage, which may be counterproductive and may create unnecessary clutter. Design waynding to be seamless to help passengers move between different locations, using all modes of transport in one continuous journey. Design routes to be simple and legible requiring minimal signing by integrating spatial planning, lighting and surface nishes alongside other building elements such as public art and landscaping. Waynding signage must always take visual priority over other information and its view must always remain unobstructed from key reading directions. Locate consistent and simple waynding information at station entrances. exits and decision points to conrm route choice. Clearly dene and sign principal routes between the station and principal external destinations, particularly other transport modes. Anticipate the need for temporary information by designing temporary information displays to form part of the built design. This avoids clutter and obstruction to passenger movements. Where additional customer information is provided, this should be published using Network Rails online poster tool to ensure visual consistency. Balance the provision of waynding signs with retail frontage, advertising and other information to avoid clutter and visual conict ensuring that essential waynding signs take precedence over other sign types such as retail branding and advertising. Negotiate with commercial owners if access routes to the station are via premises with a non-transport function, so that signing to the station is arranged and kept updated.
Foreword A. Introduction
B. Design Guidelines
Station axis
Usability
Sign location guidance from Network Rails Waynding Design Guidelines and Specications
C. Appendix
Statutory signs
Statutory signs to meet re and safety regulations are necessary to warn of dangers and to inform people of emergency procedures. It is essential that an appropriate sign is used in each instance.
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Please note: Third party waynding supports are not permitted within station thresholds unless covered by the Network Rail Managed Stations Waynding Design Guidelines and Specications.
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Care must be taken to ensure that customer information is legible at all times of day and night. London Paddington station.
Consider supplementing CIS with eye-level screens for visually impaired passengers who may nd it difficult to read real-time information if it is displayed on screens mounted above eye level.
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Retail and food & beverage amenities include seating located adjacent to, but not obstructing, passenger movement areas in London St Pancras International station.
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Public art adds value to the passenger experience and can help to establish a sense of place. London St Pancras International station.
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Amenities are features that enhance passenger comfort, convenience and pleasure and that help to instill passenger condence. Provision of amenities within and around stations will offer practical advantages for passengers and surrounding communities.
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U4.2 Provide effective climate protection, noise mitigation and control against unpleasant sensory experiences
Inclusion of noise mitigation techniques and design of effective climate protection through platform canopies and covered pedestrian routes will ensure that station users are protected from unpleasant experiences and provide a positive ambience and journey experience for all. Design of stations should ensure that passengers are protected from extreme weather conditions (wind, rain, snow, sun, and extreme heat and cold). Consideration should be given to managed daylighting for regularly occupied spaces to maintain consistent lighting levels and minimise energy consumption. Consider sun shades and air conditioning in environments where temperatures may become especially high and there is little natural ventilation. Provide lighting levels and xtures that are functional and aesthetically pleasing; this allows good visibility and additional security. Ensure thorough cleaning at regular intervals to eliminate stains and odours, particularly in lifts. Mitigate risks arising from climatic conditions (e.g. the impact of summer sun or water on oor surfaces) for reasons of safety and ease of use. Minimise background noise levels in selected customer environments to ensure audio announcements are audible and allow passengers to hold comfortable conversations. Consider the need for resilience to climatic change and extreme weather conditions.
Foreword A. Introduction
B. Design Guidelines
Usability
C. Appendix
The passenger waiting area in Manchester Piccadilly station provides effective weather protection and a quiet, pleasant environment.
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Waiting spaces include formal waiting rooms, station concourses, retail and other amenities. These spaces provide opportunities for seating, standing and leaning. This allows station users to dwell on the station in relative comfort for periods of time. Design and locate waiting spaces to be appropriate to the size and function of the station (see U1.1 ). Locate waiting spaces for convenient access from station
facilities and movement routes. Include appropriate levels of seating based on the size and function of the station, anticipating user needs and dwell times. Allow for regular maintenance and servicing checks and provide a prompt response. Ensure CIS provision within waiting areas.
Waiting area located conveniently for passenger facilities and amenities. Leeds station.
C. Appendix
Customer information screens within the passenger waiting area. Manchester Piccadilly station.
Network Rail Passenger Surveys: Network Rail Key Performance Indicator Study (2009)
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Operability
The design of station facilities and their immediate surroundings should promote efficient operations and maintenance in an environment that is functional, comfortable and safe. An efficient station design helps deliver a positive passenger experience, minimises delays and disruption, supports modal integration and results in cost savings for asset managers and station operators over the full course of a stations life. Planning of station improvement projects should also take account of the ongoing operational requirements of a live rail network and ensure that the integrity of operations and passenger safety are not impaired over the term of the project. Operability includes consideration of service coordination, operating costs, integrated ticketing, maintenance, safety and servicing. The design theme of Operability is covered by four design principles: Station Operations Management and Maintenance Safety Be Secure by Design
Foreword
A. Introduction
B. Design Guidelines
Usability
Operability
O1 Station operations
Quality
Value
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Efficient taxi pick up/ drop off, covered cycle parking and high quality public realm. Clapham Junction station.
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O4 Be secure by design
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O1 Station Operations
Robust and resilient station operations require integrated and optimised operation of eet, infrastructure and facilities to provide easy access for transport services, seamless movement across modes and effective maintenance. Efficient stations ensure cost savings for operators and owners. The design guidelines for Station Operations are presented in four sections, covering the following topics: O1.1: Providing appropriate spatial capacity for all station functions. O1.2: Guidance on coordinating modal integration. O1.3: Providing for efficient service and delivery vehicle access and storage. O1.4: The provision of appropriate and convenient facilities for station staff.
Foreword
A. Introduction
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Usability
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O4 Be secure by design
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Efficient connection between transport modes and services is a core function of stations. Design of connections should balance modal and functional priorities, using safe, direct routes that minimise conict with other passengers or vehicles. Not only does this minimise passenger journey times, but it also ensures efficient connections that allow passengers to make their onward journey as easily and as logically as possible. Engage with third party operators of local transport services to ensure spatial provision meets with current and future needs. Allow for sufficient capacity to deal with different conditions at different times based on a detailed understanding of the likely future demand for movement between each mode at different times of day. Prioritise access by feeder modes such as walk, cycle, taxi or bus, to meet with passenger
Quality
Value
C. Appendix
and operational needs. This will ensure passengers do not experience undue delay through extended waiting times for connecting services. It will also avoid unnecessary dwell times for operational vehicles. Provide for efficient passenger connections that avoid level changes where possible (although it may sometimes be necessary to direct or sign to longer routes for crowd control reasons): locate connection points to allow for convenient, accessible and safe access to and from the station; avoid conict with other station operations; integrate with the station layout in a way that is easily understood by users. Provide coordinated information and signing to and from inter-modal connections. Where possible, provide intermodal movements under cover.
A free shuttle bus service located directly outside Manchester Piccadilly station links passengers with key destinations around Manchester city centre
Design lighting strategies for inter-modal routes to meet with minimum requirements and integrate with third party lighting systems where routes extend beyond station thresholds.
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Issue 1
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Design of inter-modal connections should be consistent with any appropriate relevant local authority guidelines and standards. General best practice principles by mode include: Metro and Underground Provide direct, convenient and clearly identied routes to/from metro or Underground station entrances that allow easy and unobstructed access. Ensure sufficient capacity is provided to avoid queues impacting on station operations or passenger circulation. Bus and Tram Designs should allow direct, easy and unobstructed access to/from bus or tram stops. Street furniture that impedes passenger movement, boarding and alighting should be removed. Stops should be sited to minimise walking distance between stations and
interchange stops. Where possible, a stops position should allow drivers and prospective passengers to be clearly visible to each other. Stop location and design should promote natural surveillance. Stops and stations should be well lit to enhance security of staff and passengers. Cycle Provide secure, sheltered, cycle-parking facilities where practical to accommodate anticipated demand. Provide clearly and consistently signed cycle parking facilities from all approaches. Locate cycle parking on access routes to the station in areas of good, natural surveillance from other station users and passersby while avoiding conict with pedestrian movements. Ensure cycle access routes and lanes are comfortable to use, with even and well-drained surfaces and places to rest.
At stations with more than one entrance, cycle parking should be sited to be readily accessible from each entrance with onstreet cycle facilities located as close as possible to entrances/ exits without signicantly obstructing pedestrian movement.
Integrate cycle routes into the wider network through consultation with local authorities.
Quality
Value
C. Appendix
Cycle parking and London Cycle Hire located on desire lines adjacent to the station entrance. Waterloo station, London.
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Foreword
Taxis Locate taxi ranks in convenient, safe, accessible, well-lit, and well-signed locations. The location of taxi ranks should be clearly identied by prescribed road markings and signing. Design taxi ranks so that the system of taxi ows and picking up and setting down points is both clearly understood and ensures efficient local traffic ow. Dial-a-ride and community transport facilities should be located conveniently for those with mobility impairments while minimising conict with core public transport operations and pedestrian movements. Where taxi ranks are provided, there should be near-side loading and facilities should have an effective visual connection from station exits to taxi fronts. Consideration should be given to the provision of sheltered waiting facilities at formal taxi ranks. Provide for informal drop-off points for private-hire vehicles.
A. Introduction
B. Design Guidelines
Usability
Operability
O1 Station operations
O2 M anagement and maintenance
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Value
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Conveniently located taxi rank provides an attractive, safe and comfortable customer facility. York station.
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O1.3 Provide for efficient service vehicle and delivery access and storage
Efficient service vehicle and delivery access and storage must be provided to meet a stations many needs. Appropriate access and storage minimises disruption to passengers and transport operations while ensuring safety, security and environmental responsibilities can be met. Consider the means by which goods and materials will be delivered to the station and the impact different modes of delivery will have on station activity. Ensure any interference with passengers and dayto-day station operations is kept to a minimum. Delivery and service plans should seek to enter into consolidation strategies to minimise the number of servicing and waste collection trips and increase efficiency. Freight Quality Partnerships (set up to represent freight users needs) should be consulted in the early stages of planning. Over-site developments should minimise and control servicing and waste activity from streets in the immediate vicinity of station entrances (see V4.2 ). As far as possible, servicing and waste collection activity should occur within the station to minimise impact on surrounding highways and passenger movements. If this is not possible, an on-street location should be identied where pedestrian and highway vehicle impact is minimised. Plan for servicing and waste management to be carried out safely, and in an environmentally friendly way. Compliance with all relevant and appropriate local authority guidance should be reected in the Delivery and Service Plan. Recognise that storage facilities will serve different functions and may be required to be located in different areas of the station and design safe, secure storage accordingly. Minimise and control the conict between servicing and waste activity. Coordinate with existing station functions and main passenger movements. Remove visual obstructions to provide easily understood movement between facilities and services. In the same way that conicts can occur when other passengers obstruct pedestrian ows, it is important to remove the conict between service vehicles and station users. Ensure existing on-street servicing activity on key pedestrian routes to and from the station is minimised, or restricted, over the course of peak pedestrian movements to and from the station.
Foreword
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Usability
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O1 Station operations
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O4 Be secure by design
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Value
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Operability
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Maintenance walkways facilitate regular maintenance without disrupting station operations, Waterloo station, London.
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The passenger experience extends beyond the station threshold, therefore maintaining a quality passenger experience requires coordination of maintenance of surrounding areas as well as within the station building. Kings Cross/ St Pancras International station, London.
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The use of durable materials that deter vandalism allows for ease of maintenance and repair, helping to discourage repeat crime. Ensure a balance between the visual and physical qualities of materials used. While they are to be durable, they should remain pleasing to look at and to use. Specify and construct xtures and ttings to deter vandalism. Use materials that are tamper-proof and minimise maintenance or repair. Use graffiti-resistant materials or nishes so that it is easy to remove graffiti.
Usability
Operability
O1 Station operations
Place lifts in positions of maximum natural surveillance to deter vandalism. Use vandal-resistant light ttings by location, type and construction, using recessed and lensed ttings where practical.
Quality
Value
C. Appendix
Consider the following before any decision in the choice of materials is made: What type of ambience is required at this location? What is there now and how easy is it to move? What budget and timescale is available? What possessions are available and at what cost? Is it value for money?
Good use of transparency and open spaces to provide for effective natural surveillance. Stratford station.
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Operability
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O3 Safety
Considered design and maintenance of infrastructure can minimise risk of accidents and conicts. It can also tackle perceptions of safety and increase passenger satisfaction and enjoyment. Clean, well maintained infrastructure and places create a sense that the environment is safe, controlled, managed and cared for this reduces the fear of crime or accidents for all users. The design guidelines for Safety are presented in two sections, covering the following topics: O3.1: Ways to design facilities and spaces to minimise the potential for accidents, conicts and collisions. O3.2: Guidance on ensuring full compliance with all statutory emergency requirements.
Foreword
A. Introduction
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Operability
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O4 Be secure by design
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O3.1 Design facilities and spaces to minimise the potential for accidents to staff and station users
Spaces and facilities should be designed to minimise the potential for accidents, conicts and collisions. Through effective planning and design this maximises the use of available space, while optimising pedestrian ows by removing potential impediments and maintaining passenger safety. Assess the requirements for and appropriate placement of street furniture, seating, bins or other infrastructure, carefully locating them to minimise obstruction and maximise use of the available space. Provide for an efficient platform/train interface. Design and operate stations to minimise conict between vehicles and pedestrians, locating parking provision for cycles, private cars, taxis and buses as close as possible to station entrances, in areas clearly marked out. This provision should not impinge on pedestrian movement and should not put pedestrians or other users at risk (see O1.2 ). Place ancillary equipment, such as temporary information, air conditioning equipment, cash machines and storage lockers, in areas where they will not: reduce capacity for movement; increase the risk of accidents; provide concealed spaces where objects can be hidden. Introduce low speed limits and other constraints for vehicles in areas where conict with pedestrians is highest and consider options for physical restrictions to speed control. Use anti-slip ooring that meets with the relevant standards appropriate to location and use. Identify all hazards such as platform edges, change of grade at stairs and ramps with high-contrast nishes and uniform lighting to minimise possible risk of accidents.
Placement of temporary information in passenger movement areas can obstruct movement and block sightlines. Paddington station, London.
Foreword
A. Introduction
B. Design Guidelines
Usability
Operability
O1 Station operations
O3 Passenger safety
O4 Be secure by design
Quality
Value
C. Appendix
Good use of tactile and contrasting materials to highlight the platform edge. Liverpool South Parkway station.
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Operability
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O4 Be Secure by Design
Station design must consider public security against a range of different threats, both man-made and natural. All stations face a certain level of risk associated with various threats be they the result of natural events, such as ooding and accidents, or through malicious practices. The design guidelines for Be Secure by Design are presented in four sections, covering the following topics: O4.1: Assessing and minimising the risk of natural or man-made threats through secure and sensitive design. O4.2: Ways to follow Crime Prevention through Environmental Design principles. O4.3: Designing usable, active and secure facilities and spaces for day and night use. O4.4: Guidance on providing for the effective use of CCTV.
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O1 Station operations
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O4.1 Assess and minimise risk of malicious practices and natural threats through secure and sensitive design
The risk of malicious practices should be reduced through the design process. Stations all face a certain level of risk, but developing an appropriate secure and sensitive design helps to mitigate the potential loss of life, property or function. Ensure early dialogue with crime prevention professionals to help design-in a predictive element to schemes which, through application of specialist crime and disorder knowledge, will future-proof projects and prolong scheme benets for end users. Identify the range of threats to the station through a Threat and Vulnerability Risk Assessment. Threats to both the operator and user must be considered. Provide sensitive mitigation of vehicular accidents through measures engineered to resist vehicles. These include: setbacks and bollards, planters, incursion barriers and street furniture, and may also include suitably resistant structures and cladding. Consider the need for resilience to climatic change and extreme weather conditions.
Foreword
A. Introduction
B. Design Guidelines
Usability
Operability
O1 Station operations
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Value
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Sensitive use of incursion barriers restrict vehicular access while allowing permeable pedestrian access. Kings Cross/ St Pancras International station, London.
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Deterring crime, disorder or disruption on the rail network, as well as the perception of this occurring, is reassuring to both passengers and employees, limiting the prospect of crime and helping to deal with incidents of antisocial behaviour. Design environments with high levels of natural surveillance to encourage people to observe the spaces around them. Promote informal or natural surveillance opportunities for station users by creating a visual connection between the street and station facilities. Design environments to clearly delineate private space and create a sense of ownership among neighbourhood residents. Design and locate buildings, fencing, pavement, signs, lighting and landscape elements to express ownership. Design to minimise the opportunity for the discreet placement of devices.
O4 Be secure by design
Quality
Value
C. Appendix
Design to avoid or remove blind corners, recesses and other places in which people could hide. (If transparent materials are used to achieve this, they should include manifestations to make them visible to those with visual impairments.) Locate lift lobbies, waiting areas and information boards in sites with good natural surveillance or within view of staff locations. Locate seating and other features to encourage movement and social interaction, ensuring facilities such as retail units, seating and help points are not positioned in isolated locations. Encourage lively station frontages and consider the use of suitable materials such as glass frontages to enhance the buildings visibility. Engage with the local community to achieve safe walking/cycling routes in surrounding areas.
Lift entrance located away from core movement in a recess off the platform lacks natural surveillance. Thameslink platform, St Pancras International station, London.
Design high quality streetscapes with wide footways that encourage community use (walking, cycling, wheelchair, etc.). Use visible crime prevention elements, such as posting information on security cameras and providing ample and accessible telephones and passenger help points.
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O4.3 Design usable, active and secure facilities and spaces for day and night use
Facilities and spaces in and around stations should be designed to discourage crime throughout the day and night. Crime and the fear of crime can be greatly reduced by removing isolated areas and ensuring locations are well lit and visible to others. Consult with Network Rails Security Advisors and other crime prevention specialists such as the British Transport Police, TRANSEC or the National Rail Crime Prevention Unit as early as possible in the schemes design. This will ensure factors such as lighting, clear lines of sight and CCTV are included in the context of existing crime factors in the vicinity. Engage with transport authorities and agencies to coordinate surveillance and activities in adjoining areas. Encourage mixed land use active spaces and frontages will add vitality at different times of the day or night and foster a sense of wellbeing. Ensure a visible staff presence to increase the level of natural surveillance and locate staff facilities, ticket offices and control stations in areas where the greatest proportion of the station (or those areas most prone to crime) are directly visible. Duty locations can be varied across the day to reect concerns over security and staff patrol routes and schedules, and should be devised to offer the greatest coverage. Avoid locations that are poorly lit or not directly visible from parts of the station in which staff are present or other passengers are more numerous. Design in a way that minimises opportunities for the discrete placement of devices.
Foreword
A. Introduction
B. Design Guidelines
Usability
Operability
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Quality
Value
A well lit, comfortable environment that includes a mix of retail and food and beverage adds vitality at different times of day and night. Manchester Piccadilly station.
C. Appendix
Optimise the balance between designing out crime and meeting the wider design principles set out in this guidance.
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CCTV monitoring provides numerous benets, including the recording of criminal activity and crowd management in stations. Used overtly, it can also act as a deterrent to crime and reduce fear of crime in stations, on-street and in vehicles. Consider discrete placement of cameras within the design, but ensure they remain noticeable. This will provide the user with a feeling of safety and allow for maximum surveillance. Allow for clear, uninterrupted views of all public areas, both internal and external to the station. This should include concourse areas, ticket halls and platforms, as well as waiting areas and entrances. Adopt CCTV as part of a package of security measures, along with those described elsewhere in this Guide.
Control room located with good views of station activity and monitoring facilities for operations and CCTV.
O4 Be secure by design
Quality
Value
C. Appendix
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Quality
Providing high quality station environments will improve all aspects of a station users experience. Design of high quality facilities is based on a combination of performance, accessibility and function, all of which form an essential part of a users experience. Designing stations to integrate with their surrounding context can create active and vibrant public spaces and can inuence how these areas are perceived by passengers, operators and others. Concentrating mixeduse developments within and around rail stations may make them destinations in their own right, presenting opportunities to enhance the user experience, adding value and encouraging investment and socio-economic and physical regeneration in surrounding areas. The design theme of Quality is covered by four design principles: Integration with context Promote good design Sense of place Anticipate passengers dynamic, changing needs
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Quality
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Quality
Q1 Integration with context
Q2 Promote good design
Q3 Sense of Place
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Blackfriars station provides Londons rst cross-Thames station improving access and integration to both sides of the river.
Foreword
A. Introduction
B. Design Guidelines
Usability
Operability
Quality
Q1 Integration with context
Q2 Promote good design
Q3 Sense of Place
C. Appendix
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Q3 Sense of Place
Good connectivity between Manchester Piccadilly Station and surrounding developments facilitated by a pedestrian bridge located opposite the station entrance on pedestrian desire line.
C. Appendix
The public realm forms the physical link between stations and their wider communities. In this context, the public realm is dened as the space between and around buildings (including streets) that is accessible and usable by people. Its elements include the spaces, building frontages, landmarks and views that dene it, as well as the streets, footways, hard and soft landscaping, water features, lighting and public art which help to animate it. Together, these elements give the public realm its identity, character, value and sense of place. Importantly, the public realm is also dynamic space, enlivened by movement, activities and people.
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Q1.2 Design for an interconnected network of transport, streets, footpaths, bike routes and public spaces
An interconnected network of transport, streets, footpaths, bike routes and public spaces helps connect people with destinations. This enhances accessibility throughout the local area, providing a familiar and consistent network to encourage users to travel by more sustainable transport modes (see O1.2 ). Design high quality pedestrian access routes to stations with efficient lighting, direct connections and clear sightlines. Integrate with local waynding systems. Prioritise pedestrian movements in surrounding streets through traffic calming and pedestrian priority measures, such as level surfacing, speed tables and landscaping, to create spaces with a human scale. Plan and design cycle access routes with convenient cycle parking to connect with surrounding cycle networks. Address congestion relief in streets and squares: improve pedestrian walk times around the station by designing new routes. Design pedestrian and cycleway lighting strategies that are sensitive to the stations urban context, with reasonable use of outdoor lighting for night time safety, security, activity and commerce.
Foreword
A. Introduction
B. Design Guidelines
Usability
Operability
Quality
Q1 Integration with context
Q2 Promote good design
Q3 Sense of Place
C. Appendix
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Q1.3 Encourage provision of active and animated public spaces in surrounding areas
Sensitive integration of the public realm enhances the local character and encourages natural surveillance and animation around stations. It can help bring a station to life, encouraging vibrancy throughout the area by providing attractive and welcoming links between internal and external spaces while fostering a sense of place and deterring antisocial behaviour. Engage with local communities to establish local needs and ensure that station design proposals are in social, physical and functional accord with their local community context. Consider how best to reect the history and cultural diversity of the station and its area. Ensure sensitive integration of commercial frontages that line station movement spaces and zones. This will give life to the station and provide an attractive, welcoming link between internal and external spaces. Balance the provision of retail frontage with signing, advertising and information to avoid visual clutter. Design surface materials and street furniture so they play a signicant role in creating attractive spaces that reect their local character and encourage people to linger (see Q2.3 ). Consider introducing public art and natural features, such as tree planting. These can make stations more attractive public places, provide natural shade and make waiting or transferring between modes more enjoyable. Ensure none of the features obstruct pedestrian routes or provide screens for anti-social activities. Take advantage of opportunities to aesthetically enhance necessary and functional architectural and structural spaces and elements. Consider colour, texture and the rhythm of all elements.
Foreword
A. Introduction
B. Design Guidelines
Usability
Operability
Quality
Q1 Integration with context
Q2 Promote good design
Q3 Sense of Place
Landscaping, water features, high quality street furniture and retail integrated within the heritage frontage creates a comfortable and welcoming pedestrian environment. Sheffield station.
C. Appendix
Include feature lighting as appropriate to enhance sense of place, public art and the overall passenger experience.
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Quality
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The redesign of Birmingham New Street Station responds closely and positively to its urban context to create an exciting and unique architectural form
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Q2.2 Design station environments and amenities as welcoming places where people want to travel, shop and work
Station environments and amenities should be designed as welcoming places where people want to travel, shop and work. A station fulls a different function for each user so it is important to minimise any conict between these functions. This can be achieved by the efficient use of space and operations. Identify the zones and nature of the commercial environment for optimum integration into the station environment. Recognise the need for right sizing and acknowledge that the balance of functions and facilities will be different for each location. Quantify the patterns of movement between each function and how these change across a day or a week. Understand the characteristics of the people making these movements. Design architectural nishes for consistency throughout the station so that passengers do not experience tidemarks as they pass between areas controlled by different operators. Promote a modern business image by incorporating materials that are hard wearing, easily cleaned, economically maintained and that are sympathetic to the existing fabric of the structure (see Q2.3 ). Address the needs of those operating transport and other services, such as provision of suitable staff facilities (see O1.4 ). Consider the introduction of public art and natural features (see Q3.3 ).
Foreword
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Usability
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Quality
C. Appendix
Retail, food and beverage zones are integrated within the built design in London St Pancras International station.
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Q2.3 Use high quality materials and nishes appropriate to station context and function
Materials should always be t for purpose and meet with all health and safety requirements. High quality materials that provide an attractive appearance and meet with functional requirements should be used when possible. High quality investment at locations that support high volume station usage are both affordable and cost-effective and can signicantly enhance the function, performance and aesthetic of a station. Designers should consider wholelife costs when specifying high quality materials, recognising that high quality design does not need to cost more. Ensure a sustainable balance between function, performance, sustainability and cost efficiency, as well as ease of use, quality of appearance and an attractive aesthetic. Ensure that the design is both achievable and deliverable and sits within a framework of sound management and governance. This will ensure quality is retained at an affordable cost. Materials should be appropriate to the local context and enhance the character and quality of the station and its functions. Where performance is not hampered, the designer should seek to utilise wholly or partially recycled materials that are responsibly sourced. Use a range of materials to reect different functions that visually support the architecture they relate to and that are safe in re scenarios. Consider the use of recycled or partially recycled materials, or materials derived locally from sustainable sources.
Foreword
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B. Design Guidelines
Usability
Operability
Quality
C. Appendix
A modular station approach was adopted at Corby with locally selected materials, sustainable components and high quality public realm design.
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Q2.3 Use high quality materials and nishes appropriate to station context and function
Optimise use of standardised components for core station elements to provide a consistent passenger experience that meets with the required functional and aesthetic qualities. Standard and modular products may include: roof canopies; oor and wall tiles; seating and other station furniture; PIDs/CCTV systems, platform gates; lighting components; advertising displays; signs and information displays; handrails; mobility supports, such as audio loop systems. Promote a modern business image by incorporating materials that are hard wearing, easily cleaned, economically maintained and that are sympathetic to the existing fabric of the structure. Apply wall and, where appropriate, oor materials that combine a high light reectance with a matt nish (avoiding high gloss reective surfaces) to improve brightness and light/colour diffusion, minimise light absorption, reduce the quantity of required lighting and conserve energy.
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C. Appendix
A range of modular components provides exibility to cater for differing locations and passenger needs. Manchester Piccadilly station.
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Transparency and uncluttered spaces at London Bridge station entrance provides a strong visual connection with the surrounding area.
Foreword
A. Introduction
B. Design Guidelines
Usability
Operability
Quality
Q3 Sense of Place
C. Appendix
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Q3 Sense of Place
A sense of place refers to a characteristic that some geographic places have and others do not, but to which an individual can relate; it also refers to a feeling or perception held by people through belonging or attachment. Stations and the urban environment within which they sit mean many different things to many different users. It is important that good design harnesses these perceptions to maintain and ultimately enhance the area to instill a positive sense of place for all. The design guidelines for Sense of Place are presented in three sections, covering the following topics: Q3.1: Locating and designing stations to promote a positive image and identity. Q3.2: Considering landmark design where demand or status provides justication. Q3.3: Adding value through landscaping and public art.
Foreword
A. Introduction
B. Design Guidelines
Usability
Operability
Quality
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Q3.1 Locate and design stations to promote a positive image and identity while respecting their local context
Station planning and design should give consideration to the local context of the station in order to promote a positive image and identity. A station design that responds to local characteristics and identity will provide added value to both the station and the surrounding area, encouraging users to travel, work in and visit the location. Understand the location and function of a station, and how best it should be placed. Ensure that facilities are right sized and appropriate for the context, function and use of the station. Reect the history and cultural diversity of station locations, linking stations to their local communities. Identify qualities and characteristics of local architecture and the public realm that should be reected in station design.
Foreword
A. Introduction
B. Design Guidelines
Usability
Operability
Quality
Q3 Sense of Place
Sensitive integration of new structures with heritage components. Manchester Piccadilly station.
Renovated heritage facade and sympathetic treatment of the surrounding public space. London, Fenchurch Street station.
C. Appendix
need to be faced realistically in order to allow continued use in modern operational terms. Care is needed throughout the design process to ensure that where practical, a balance is struck between retention of notable or memorable characteristics in a way that is both cost effective and sensitive to the original design. There is a need to avoid short-term
solutions that are likely to cause long-term damage. Regardless of the approach, the design should ensure a full life expectancy and deliver intrinsic value. This will bring credit to the owners and occupiers and support the building of a heritage for the future (see O2.4 ).
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Integrating landscape elements and public art in the spaces surrounding stations creates added value. Giving wider consideration to a stations character and identity enhances the quality of the station and its facilities. Consider developing a framework to engage with local stakeholders at the outset of a project. Consider opportunities for hard and soft landscaping within and around stations to provide for the incorporation of public art, for example: sculpture; murals and displays; water features and fountains; lighting features and displays; banners, ags, mobiles and suspended features.
Quality
Q3 Sense of Place
Consider use of materials for public art works and features that they are durable, safe, attractive and consistent with local streetscape maintenance requirements. Consider introducing natural features in surrounding areas, such as tree planting to provide natural shade and make waiting or transferring between non-rail modes more enjoyable. Due regard should be given to safety risks to passengers and the operational impacts that may arise as a result at different times of the year (e.g. fallen leaves in autumn).
High quality public realm and introduction of natural features surrounding Sheffield station.
C. Appendix
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Q4 Bookmark
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Stations should be responsive, resilient and exible. Their use and operations will continually change through time so the buildings and fabric must be able to adapt to change without detriment to the overall functionality. Provision for expansion should be adequate but not excessive and should seek to minimise any resource waste during design and construction. Ensure new building design and open spaces allow for exibility in future layout and spatial arrangements to minimise constraints to future use and demand, including: cycling; revenue protection. Allow for passive provision of facilities so as not to negate any future station enhancement.
C. Appendix
Consider how areas that are external to the station may change and how these changes may affect station operations. Recognise within the design those elements most susceptible to change and the timescales within which this might happen. This includes: spatial planning for passenger movement and waiting areas; spatial planning for enhanced facilities such as retail and commercial activity; ticket offices and machines; passenger information systems; inter-modal transfers and access routes; platforms and canopies. Consider the need for resilience to climatic change and extreme weather conditions.
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Value
It is important to create social, economic and environmental value and instill a sense of civic pride and ownership in those who use the rail network and those who encounter it. Sustainable design in landscaping, infrastructure, materials and land use designations also enables efficient use of space and resources. The design theme of Value is covered by four design principles: Whole life costs Positive economic, social and environmental impact Respect of site ecology Catalyst for regeneration
Foreword
A. Introduction
B. Design Guidelines
Usability
Operability
Quality
Value
V1 Whole-life costs
V2 P ositive economic, social and environmental impact
V3 R espect and conserve natural systems
V4 A ct as a catalyst for regeneration
C. Appendix
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Value
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V1 Whole-Life Costs
Whole life costs go beyond the initial cost of construction and will comprise ongoing maintenance and operational costs for the life of the infrastructure. To evaluate the viability and minimise the whole life costs of any station scheme it is necessary to ensure that all costs are considered and that value for money can be achieved beyond the initial design and construction period. The design guidelines for Whole-Life Costs are presented in two sections, covering the following topics: V1.1: Ways to establish whole-life costs and the constituent life-cycle costs. V1.2: Optimising functionality of built design. The whole-life cost approach is rapidly becoming the standard method for the long-term cost appraisal of buildings and civil infrastructure projects. It is an essential tool for those involved in the design, construction, operation and risk analysis of construction projects. Network Rail continues to determine whole life cost denitions in the context of its changing operational demands.
Foreword
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B. Design Guidelines
Usability
Operability
Quality
Value
V1 Whole-life costs
C. Appendix
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Consideration of all phases of a stations life, from design and procurement through operation and end-of-life salvage, establishes the most effective allocation of scal resources. Conduct Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) to better understand whole-project costs and assess the relative merits of design options. Perform systematic cost analysis during each design phase. Size, orient and design stations to optimise energy efficiency without compromising operational efficiency or the passenger experience. Prioritise allocation of capital nance to maximise efficiency and return on investment over the life of the project and beyond.
Value
V1 Whole-life costs
Minimise site disturbance and associated costs by working within existing station and site congurations to the greatest extent possible. Consider strategies for material reuse in the design, construction and future dismantling of stations. Procure system-wide components, where applicable, to achieve economies of scale. Ensure long-term commitment from the community and the local authority. Dene appropriate delivery mechanisms as part of the design process.
En
erg
PRODUCTION OF: raw materials, chemicals, components, etc. Wa rgy Em ste e En iss ion
Landll / Incineration
PRODUCTION
En
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Re-use
En
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C. Appendix
IN-USE PERIOD
En
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Optimising functionality of a station design minimises operational costs and waste, and the consumption of natural resources. This can deliver signicant cost and energy savings over the life of the building and provide an economic return. Ensure facilities are right sized and appropriate to the function, scale and context of the station (see U1.1 ). Allow efficient and effective optimisation of staff arrangements (see O1.4 ). Plan and design building conguration and specication of materials and equipment to minimise operational and maintenance costs (see O2.1 ). Design to integrate managed daylight wherever possible. Detail for weather resistance and protection against corrosion between dissimilar materials.
Value
V1 Whole-life costs
C. Appendix
Design for ease of access for replacement, repair and cleaning of building xtures and components with minimal or no impact on station operations, passengers or other users. Give preference to simple and transparent systems, avoiding overly complex maintenance. Design for preventative versus corrective maintenance and ensure a maintenance strategy is factored into the design development. Specify energy-efficient xtures and HVAC equipment to reduce energy consumption and costs. Minimise energy use and costs through consideration of passive environmental design strategies (see V2 ).
Managed daylighting can reduce energy consumption and whole-life costs. Edinburgh Park station.
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Foreword
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V1 Whole-life costs
V2 Positive economic, social and environmental impact
V3 R espect and conserve natural systems
V4 A ct as a catalyst for regeneration
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Value
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Design of Newport station included consideration of environmental best practice to deliver whole-life cost savings and passenger benets.
When considering sustainable design remember the four Rs: Reduce Re-use Recycle Recover And take account of Government initiatives such as WRAP (Waste Recovery Action Programme) .
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DESIGN GUIDELINES 87
C. Appendix
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V3 Respect and conserve natural systems
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Station construction and operations should control the quality of site water and run off against contamination and capture storm water through intelligent design. Design to protect site water quality against contamination or erosion during construction and operations. Use integrated building and landscape design strategies to manage rainwater on site by minimising impervious surfaces and maximising natural permeability and the ltration of contaminants. Where appropriate, maintain and improve the quality of soil and water for soft landscaping. Consideration should be given to use of treatments such as bioremediation and UV ltration.
Value
V1 Whole-life costs
V2 P ositive economic, social and environmental impact
V3 Respect and conserve natural systems
V4 A ct as a catalyst for regeneration
The roof of Liverpool South Parkway has been designed to facilitate efficient storm water harvesting.
C. Appendix
Design canopies and other station infrastructure using storm water capture and water harvesting techniques in accordance with an overall water management strategy. Specify efficient plumbing xtures to minimise water usage.
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Value
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Revenue generating opportunities (e.g. retail, office, advertising and residential) can create signicant additional funding streams and provide signicant revenues to support delivery and operational costs. Implementation of such opportunities should be designed to complement rather than compromise station operations and core passenger functions. Identify commercial development opportunities based on local context, demand and function. Design commercial opportunities on a scale that is capable of supporting the desired station improvements. Locate commercial opportunities adjacent to, but not interfering with, key pedestrian routes to create active spaces and achieve a complementary outcome for all parties.
V1 Whole-life costs
V2 P ositive economic, social and environmental impact
V3 R espect and conserve natural systems
C. Appendix
Where appropriate, consider opportunities to provide customer car parking. Design retail spaces to integrate architecturally and functionally within station interiors and exteriors. Provide commercial activity in a way that doesnt outweigh a stations core functional need for transport operations and efficient passenger movements but still manages to positively enhance the passenger experience. Consider commercial opening hours so that shops can remain open as long as commercial constraints allow. This will provide passive surveillance and support passenger safety. Place advertising carefully so as not to dominate a passengers line of vision or cover up or distract from waynding or passenger information.
Integrate retail signing and frontages sensitively within the built environment to avoid unnecessary obstruction to passenger information, movement or waynding.
Balanced integration of retail with advertising and waynding within a heritage environment. Glasgow Central station.
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Value
V1 Whole-life costs
V2 P ositive economic, social and environmental impact
V3 R espect and conserve natural systems
Opportunities to integrate developments above, under, around and within stations provide additional revenue streams. To maintain integrity it is important that operational systems for the station and any associated developments remain independent. Consistency of maintenance, however, is an important consideration for a seamless passenger experience. Prioritise the location of station facilities to encourage future development, create active spaces and stimulate growth without compromise to core passenger functions. Provide for additional pedestrian ows resulting from development proposals into and out of the station to ensure station operations, ows and capacities are maintained or enhanced.
C. Appendix
Ensure the station is able to operate independently from integrated commercial or residential properties. Ensure maintenance, repair and future enhancements to each property can be undertaken without detrimental impact on the fabric or performance of the other buildings. Ensure retail or other branding is integrated within the aesthetic and architectural fabric of the building. Retain the ability to inspect and maintain each property individually and without interference. Adequately separate utility, servicing and access requirements.
Integration of over-station development and high quality urban realm, Cannon Street station, London.
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Section C
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Appendix
Foreword
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B. Design Guidelines
Usability
Operability
Quality Value
C. Appendix
Glossary of Terms
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Glossary of Terms
ATG Automated Ticket Gates APM Association for Project Management ATOC Association of Transport Operating Companies BREEAM Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method BTP British Transport Police CABE Commission for Architecture and the Built Environment CCTV Closed Circuit Television CEEQUAL - Civil Engineering Environmental Quality Assessment and Award Scheme CIS Customer Information Screens CPtED Crime Prevention through Environmental Design DfT Department for Transport DPTAC Disabled Persons Transport Advisory Committee GRIP Governance of Railway Investment Projects HVAC Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning LCCA Life Cycle Cost Analysis LEED Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design OGC Office of Government and Commerce PIDs Passenger Information Displays PTE Passenger Transport Executives RUS Route Utilisation Strategy TfL Transport for London TOC Train Operating Company TS Transport Scotland TVM Ticket Vending Machine RFID Radio Frequency Identication
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Glossary of Terms
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DESIGN REVIEW
Implementation
DESIGN REVIEW
Figure A1: Relationship between the Design Guide and the Design Process
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Evaluation Framework
The example evaluation framework shown on the following pages offers a systematic approach to evaluation using a traffic light system to rate each design principle as green, amber or red: A green light signies that all criteria under that principle have been considered and addressed. An amber light signies that some, if not all, have been considered and addressed. A red light signies that few, if any, have been considered and addressed. Those principles rating red or amber may require further consideration if the station or design proposal is to meet with best practice. The complete framework is available from Network Rail as an Excel spreadsheet.
Foreword
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Usability
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Quality Value
C. Appendix
Glossary of Terms
Design Framework
Acknowledgements
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Usability
U1 Movement
U 1.1 Plan spatial capacity to meet with predicted future demand Does spatial provision meet with current and predicted future needs? Has adequate spatial provision been allowed for a decision points, queue locations and passenger cross flows? U 1.2 Design legible spaces, with direct, convenient routes Does the spatial configuration provide for logical passenger movement? Does the spatial design allow clear sightlines and views between principal destinations? Have passenger facilities been located to minimise conflicts with movement routes and station operations? U 1.3 Provide multiple access points to increase permeability and catchment area Does the spatial configuration provide for efficient pedestrian and vehicular access to and from surrounding origins and destinations? Does the spatial design minimise issues of serverance and allow for cross station movements for users and non-users? U 1.4 Provide high quality lighting to support passenger movement and activities Has lighting been designed to define routes and spaces, supporting passenger movement and understanding? Has a task based lighting strategy been designed? Has a daylighting strategy been developed to support effective use of managed daylight and transition between illumination types?
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Operability
O1 Station operations
O1.1 Provide appropriate spatial capacity for all station functions Will capacity be maintained to ensure efficient station operations over the lifetime of an improvement project? Does the spatial organisation provide for efficient vehicle access and manoeuvring, while minimising conflicts between vehicles, pedestrians and other station users? Does spatial allocation provide for all equipment and vehicular needs including luggage trolleys, bicycles and service vehicles? O1.2 Coordinate modal integration Does the design provide for balanced and efficient modal integration? Does the design facilitate convenient and safe access for pedestrians and other feeder modes to meet with passenger and operational needs? Is intermodal signing and information available and coordinated? Do lighting strategies for intermodal connections meet with minimum requirements and integrate with third party lighting where these extend beyond the station threshold? Metro and Underground Are routes convenient, direct and clearly signed? Has sufficient capacity been provided at entrances to avoid conflicts? Bus and tram Are stops located to enable efficient, clear and unobstructed movement? Do stop locations have good natural surveilance and lighting? Cycle Have appropriate bicycle facilities been provided? Taxis Does the design include conveniently located pick-up and drop-off areas for taxis and private vehicles? O1.3 Provide for efficient service vehicle and delivery access and storage Has efficient service vehicle, delivery access and storage been provided for to minimise the impact on passengers and day-to-day station operations? O1.4 Provide appropriate and convenient facilities for station staff Have convenient and comfortable staff facilities been provided appropriate to the station size, location and functions?
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O3 Safety
O3.1 Design facilities and spaces to minimise the potential for accidents to staff and station users Have potential hazards and accident risks been minimized for all station users? O3.3 Ensure full compliance with all statutory emergency requirements Does the station design comply with all statutory emergency requirements?
O4 Secure by design
O4.1 Assess and minimise the risk of malicious practices or natural threats through secure and sensitive design Have malicious practices been identified and addressed through sensitive design? O4.2 Prevent crime through environmental design Have Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design principles been followed? O4.3 Design usable, active and secure facilities and spaces for day and night use Does the station design provide for mixed, active uses at different times of day and night? O4.4 Provide for effective use of CCTV Has effective use been made of CCTV?
Quality
Q1 Integration with context
Q1.1 Design station facilities to integrate with the public realm Does the station design integrate seamlessly with the surrounding public realm? Q1.2 Design for an interconnected network of streets, footpaths, bike routes and public spaces Is accessibility to and from the local area enhanced through provision of interconnected streets, bike routes and public spaces? Q1.3 Encourage provision of active public spaces in surrounding areas Have surrounding public spaces been designed to provide high quality places where people will want to linge and enjoy?
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Q3 Sense of place
Q3.1 Locate and design stations to promote a positive image and identity while respecting their local context Is the facility design appropriate and responsive to its local context? Does the station design foster a distinctive identity? Q3.2 Consider landmark design where demand or status provides justification Does status or demand justify distinctive, landmark design? Q3.2 Add value through landscaping and public art Has landscaping and public art been considered and integrated as part of the built design?
Value
V1 Whole-life costs
V1.1 Consider whole-life and life-cycle costs Have all phases of the station's life been considered? V1.2 Optimise functionality of built design Has the design been optimised to minimise ongoing operational costs, waste and the consumption of natural resources?
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Acknowledgements
This document was produced by Network Rail with the assistance of Steer Davies Gleave. Photo credits: Network Rail 24, 26, 39, 44, 47, 49, 54, 67, 74, 78, 79, 80, 82, 84, 90, 95, 96, 99, 102, 104 (Glasgow) Steer Davies Gleave Front cover, 14, 20, 22, 23, 29 (Euston), 32, 34, 35, 37, 38 (Kings Cross), 39, 48, 51, 55, 64, 65, 68, 72, 73, 77, 104 (Paddington) Paul Childs vi, 2, 4, 8, 16, 18, 25, 28, 29 (Paddington), 38 (Piccadilly), 40, 42, 56, 57, Arthur Lui 61 Dave Barbour 66 Nick Hill 83, 90 Jason Bruges Studio 85 Townshend Landscape Architects 105
Foreword
A. Introduction
B. Design Guidelines
Usability
Operability
Quality Value
C. Appendix
Glossary of Terms
Evaluation Framework
Acknowledgements
Issue 1
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Foreword A. Introduction
B. Design Guidelines
Usability
Operability
Quality
Value
C. Appendix
Issue 1
DESIGN GUIDELINES
102