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Below
Year 12
1.3
Assessed Homework
Bonding
55
1.
(a)
H
H
(i)
H
H
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
In terms of electron pairs, explain why the bond angles in the NH 4+ ion are all
109o28
(7)
(b)
(2)
(c)
(ii)
From this bond representation, what can be deduced about the electronegativity of
hydrogen relative to that of nitrogen?
(2)
(Total 11 marks)
2.
(a)
Both HF and HCl are molecules having a polar covalent bond. Their boiling points
are 293 K and 188 K respectively.
(i)
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
(ii)
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
(4)
(b)
When aluminium chloride reacts with chloride ions, as shown by the equation
below, a co-ordinate bond is formed.
AlCl3 + Cl
AlCl4
Explain how this co-ordinate bond is formed.
..................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
(2)
(c)
+
Draw the shape of the PCl5 molecule and of the PCl4 ion. State the value(s) of
the bond angles.
PCl5
+
PCl4
3.
Balance the equation below which represents the reaction between LiH and AlCl3
LiH +
AlCl3
LiAlH4 +
LiCl
(1)
(b)
......................
(1)
(c)
Predict the shape of the AlH 4 ion. Explain why it has this shape.
Shape ..........................................................................................................
Explanation .................................................................................................
......................
......................
(3)
(d)
4.
The table below shows some values of melting points and some heat energies needed for
melting.
Substance
I2
NaCl
HF
HCl
HI
Melting point/K
387
1074
190
158
222
7.9
28.9
3.9
2.0
2.9
(a)
(b)
(i)
..
(ii)
(iii)
(4)
(c)
hydrogen fluoride requires more heat energy for melting than does of
hydrogen chloride
..
(ii)
Hydrogen iodide requires more heat energy for melting than does hydrogen
chloride.
..
(5)
(d)
(i)
Explain why the heat energy required to melt sodium chloride is large
(ii)
The heat energy need to vaporise one mole of sodium chloride (171 KJ mol1
) is much greater than the heat energy required to melt one mole of sodium
..
(3)
(e)
In terms of structure and bonding, suggest why graphite has a very high melting and
boiling point
(2)
(Total 17 marks)
5.
Si
Si
Si
O
(a)
O
O
(b)
(1)
Name the type of bonding between silicon and oxygen in this crystal
.
(1)
(c)
(d)
.
(2)
(e)
In terms of structure and bonding, describe what happens to the atoms in this
crystal when it melts
..
(f)
Explain why this crystal is a non conductor of electricity in the solid state and why
graphite is a good conductor.
(4)
(Total 9 marks)
TEST 2
Answer all questions
Total 50 marks
Name:
SECTION A
1.
(a)
(b)
Draw dot-and cross diagrams (outer shells only) to show the bonding in carbon
disulphide (CS2) and hydrogen sulphide (H2S).
Bonding in CS2
Bonding in H2S
(2)
(b)
Showing the outer electrons only, draw a dot-and-cross diagram to indicate the
bonding in calcium oxide.
(2)
(c)
(i)
(ii)
..................................................................................................................
Give the type of bonding present in BaCl2
..................................................................................................................
(iii)
(Total 8 marks)
10
2.
(a)
Draw diagrams to show the shapes of the following molecules and in each case
show the value of the bond angle on the diagram.
BeCl2
BF3
CCl4
SF6
(8)
(b)
Explain why the shape of NF3 is not the same as the shape of BF3.
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
(3)
(Total 11 marks)
11
3.
The boiling temperatures, Tb, of some Group IV and Group V hydrides are given below
(a)
Compound
CH4
SiH4
NH3
PH3
Tb/K
112
161
240
185
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
(ii)
Explain briefly, in terms of its shape, why a CH4 molecule has no overall
polarity.
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
(3)
(b)
Name the type of intermolecular forces which exist between CH4 molecules in
liquid methane.
.................................................................................................................................
.
(1)
(c)
Explain why the boiling temperature of PH3 is greater than that of CH4.
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
(3)
(d)
Explain why the boiling temperature of NH3 is greater than that of PH3
.................................................................................................................................
12
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
(2)
(e)
Suggest why the strength of the CH bond in CH4 is greater than that of the SiH
bond in SiH4. State the relationship, if any, between the strength of the covalent
bond in CH4 and the boiling temperature of CH4
Reason for stronger C-H bond:
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
Relationship between covalent bond strength and boiling temperature:
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 11 marks)
13
4.
Draw sketches to predict the shape of a CIF' ion and the shape of a ClF5
molecule. In each case indicate, on the sketch, the bond angle value(s).
ClF +2
CIF5
(5)
(Total 5 marks)
14
SECTION B
5.
(a)
Define the term electronegativity and explain why the electronegativity values of
the Group II elements BeBa decrease down the group.
(4)
(b)
(c)
Crystals of sodium chloride and of diamond both have giant structures. Their
melting points are 1074 K and 3827 K, respectively. State the type of structure
present in each case and explain why the melting point of diamond is so high.
(4)
(Total 15 marks)
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24