Western Power

132kVOVERHEADLINETOMAESGWYNWINDFARM
REPORTONPLSANALYSISOFTOWERD32ANDTRIDENTWOOD POLECONNECTIONSTRUCTURES
FOR
WesternPowerDistribution

ReviewHistory APFP2009Reg5(2)Ref: Author: Reviewed:
Reg5(2)(q) AdrianLiveseyBEng(hons)
Eur Ing Peter Papanastasiou B Sc (Hons)CEngMICE GrahamYoungBSc(Hons)CEngMICE
Approved:
DocumentNumber: 201006001
Issue:
A B C D E
IssueDate:
20/04/2010 17/06/2010 16/07/2010 23/07/2010 26/07/2010
Description
IssuetoWPD Staysremoved structuresD32B&D32J RevisedforIPC submission AmendedtoreflectIPC andWPDrequirements Minorcorrections

LSTC is a trading name of LS Transmission Consultancy Limited, Yorkshire House, York Road, Little Driffield, Driffield, East Yorkshire, YO25 5XA. Registered in England No: 04191630. VAT No: 772401446
Maesgwyn Wind Farm Connection

20/10060/01
Copyright:LSTC This report has been prepared by LS Transmission Consultancy Limited (LSTC) on behalf of Western Power Distribution (the Client) in connection with the detailedassessmentoftheMaesgwynproposed windfarm connection andtakes into accounttheirparticularinstructionsand requirements. LSTC will not be liable to the Client for any use of this report for any purposes other than those for which this report was produced. This report is for the private and confidential use of the Client and should not be reproduced in whole or in part without the express written consent of LSTC. If LSTC consents to the reproduction of this report then it may only be reproduced once in whole and not part. This report is not intended for and should not be relied upon by any third party and no duty of responsibility (including in negligence) is accepted by LSTC in relation toanythirdparty.LSTCdisclaimsallliabilityofanynaturewhatsoevertoanysuchthirdpartyinrespectofthisreport.Thisreportisnotintendedto confer any rights on anythirdparty pursuant totheContracts(RightsofThirdParties) Act 1999.This report may not be assigned toany thirdparty withouttheexpresswrittenconsentofLSTC LS Transmission Consultancy Limited makes no warranties, express or implied, that compliance with this document would in itself be sufficient to ensuresafesystemsofworkoroperation.Usersareremindedoftheirowndutiesunderhealthandsafetylegislation.

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TableofContents
1. Summary 2. Introduction 3. Maesgwyn 132 kV loading criteria 4 5 6
3.1 Line Location and configuration .................................................................. 6 3.2 Loading checks carried out ......................................................................... 6 3.3 Tower analysis methodology ...................................................................... 6 3.4 Conductor tensioning basis options ............................................................. 6 3.5 Maintenance Loads & Failure containment Loads ......................................... 7 3.6 BS EN 50341 Probabilistic Loading Criteria ................................................. 7 4. Conclusions 5. Glossary
11 12
Appendices AppendixAPLSPoleAnalysissummary AppendixBPLSTowerAnalysissummary AppendixCPLSCADDscreenprints AppendixDPoleinformation

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1. Summary 1.1 This document describes the design assessment carried out on the proposed single circuit overhead line connection between the planned wind farm at Maesgwyn and existing tower D32. The proposed structures to be used for this connection are based on the Electricity Networks Association (ENA) 43-50 trident wood pole design using 175 ACSR Lynx as the conductor. Section 3 of this document details the approach taken to validate the suitability of the structures, outlining the climatic and geographical conditions considered. Loading criteria have been derived from British Standard EN50341-3-9:2001 UK NNA and applied in the analysis, which has been carried out using industry standard PLS CADD software. Our initial investigation showed that standard thickness poles of the 43-50 structure design would not be suitable for this location. Strengthened designs using various combinations of stays, stay positions and pole thicknesses where analysed until a final design for each structure was determined. The proposed 43-50 steel terminal structure also required slight modification from the original design to achieve satisfactory design capacity under the applied loading. Our assessment also indicated that crossarm ties on the existing tower D32 would need to be strengthened to accommodate the new downlead loads. Further details are included in section 4.
1.2
1.3

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2. Introduction 2.1 Western Power Distribution is proposing to install a connection between a new substation at the new wind farm at Maesgwyn and the existing 132kV route at tower D32 The proposed structure types are based on ENA TS 43-50 trident wood pole design with a lattice steel terminal structure. The proposed conductor system will be single circuit 175 ACSR LYNX conductor. The ENA TS 43 50 line design is unearthed construction. This document defines the design criteria that has been applied, the type of structure used, the PLS analysis and the recommendations resulting from the outcome of analysis together with necessary strengthening. LSTC carried out a detailed survey of the line route which included positions of existing towers D31, D32 and D33. LSTC carried out a topographical survey of the proposed 132kV connection and a profile was produced, ref LSTC 01-10060-05. This profile along with the survey data and wire clearance diagram LSTC 17-10060-01 were used as the basis of the PLS CADD model. The profiles identified structures (see Appendix C for PLS CADD screen prints) that were outside the generic design parameters for the ENA TS 43 50 technical specification and as a result further site specific analyses were proposed. This investigation details the site specific analysis of the wood pole structures and the connection arrangements at tower D32. The site specific loading analysis is carried out using PLS-CADD, PLS-Pole and PLS-TOWER programs. BS50341-3-9:2001 was used for the basic wind speed and ice thickness. Records have been requested and no information was found on the existing tower D32. It was therefore considered prudent to adopt a conservative value of 247 N/mm2 yield stress for the mild steel grade on the PL16 D2s (D32) For the new ENA TS 43-50 steel terminal structure values of 275 N/mm2 for mild steel and 355 N/mm2 for high yield steel were used in the analysis.
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9 2.10
2.11

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3. Maesgwyn 132 kV loading criteria This section outlines the loading criteria used for the proposed Maesgwyn wind farm connection. 3.1 Line Location and configuration
3.1.1 The proposed line is located in South Wales. Detailed works and access plans are referenced 03-10060-04 & 03-10060-13 respectively. 3.1.2 The proposed conductor is 175 ACSR LYNX. 3.2 Loading checks carried out
3.2.1 Loading checks were carried to verify the strength for all the wood poles and lattice steel structures for the proposed wind farm connection. 3.2.2 Structure overloads were identified using PLS-CADD, PLS POLE and PLSTOWER. 3.3 Tower analysis methodology
3.3.1 Power line Systems software PLS CADD, Tower and Pole are industry standard packages for transmission line analysis. The software runs a Non-Linear Elastic analysis of the tower steelwork using BS EN 50341 part 3-9 UK NNA section 7 methodologies (based on ECCS 39). Angle member properties are calculated in accordance with BS EN 10056-1. 3.3.2 Structures were modelled in PLS Pole for wood pole structures and PLS Tower for lattice steel towers. 3.3.3 The OPTIMAL profiles were converted into PLS CADD model and each wood pole and steel tower structure models were then added to the PLS CADD line. 3.3.4 Site specific climatic criteria together with, where appropriate, Construction and Maintenance loading conditions were input into the PLS CADD Model. The line was then analysed in PLS to determine the site specific applied loadings on all the structures. These loadings were then transferred to the structural analysis packages PLS Tower and PLS Pole for checking the integrity of each structure. 3.4 Conductor tensioning basis options
3.4.1 The sagging basis adopted in the PLS CADD analysis is as set out below: 3.4.1.1 Lynx sagging basis used for conductors on wood poles
20 % of UTS at an Everyday Tension of 5 Degrees Celsius 23.3kN at a temperature of Minus 20 Degrees Celsius Lynx sagging basis used for conductors on towers 6
3.4.1.2

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3.5
20 % of the UTS at an Everyday Tension for 5 Degrees Celsius 25 % of the UTS at an Maximum Erection Tension for Minus 20 Degrees Celsius Maintenance Loads & Failure containment Loads
3.5.1 Tower D32 is the only structure for this project where these conditions will apply. 3.5.2 The Maintenance case considers a load of 4905 N on each crossarm, with downleads attached. This represents the weight of equipment necessary to install semi tension insulator strings including a 132kV platform and linesmen. 3.5.3 Tower D32 also has applied load cases to simulate broken wires (failure containment). These 12 load cases each consider 1 broken wire either ahead or behind the cross arm. These do not include (a conservative approach) any reduction in conductor tension (alleviation) caused by the swing of the suspension link connecting the tension sets to the crossarm.
3.6
BS EN 50341 Probabilistic Loading Criteria
3.6.1 The following sets out the relevant site specific design criteria/inputs for determining the ultimate applied loadings. These are based on BS EN 50341 general approach requirements as set out in part 3, section 9, UK NNA: 3.6.2 Input Loading Conditions: Item
WindSpeed TerrainCategory Kddirectionfactor II Gcconductorgust responsefactor BasicIcethickness ro (conductorsand rw towers) r3yr IceDensity Towers/Conductors Towers/Conductors Towersonly
BSEN50341UK NNAref
4.2.2GB.1 4.2.2GB.2 4.2.2GB.3 4.2.3GB.1 4.2.4GB.1 NGTS2.4/ENATS43 125table3.1 Whichevermore onerousfortower loadingonly. Conductoricein presenceofwindis always9000N/m3
Highwind Wind+Ice 3yrRPwithIce 3yrRPnoIce 1.0forHighWind
22m/s 18.7m/s 14.21m/s 16.72m/s 0.85forWind+Ice
CalculatedbyPLS CADD Withoutwind Withwind 3yearreturnIcewith wind Withoutwind Withwind Withwind
Forallwindload cases 55mm 5mm 5x0.76=3.8 mm 5000N/m3 9000N/m3 5000N/m3
Icethickness conductors
rb
CalculatedbyPLS CADD

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rr ConductorIce capping Icethickness structures
CalculatedbyPLS CADD Forinitialinvestigation,noicecapproposed. rb CalculatedbyPLS CADD CalculatedbyPLS CADD (iceandwind adjustedbyPLS CADDforeach structure)
(maxaltitude312m)
rr Linealtitude Sitespecific
HighWindCases0C StillairnoiceBrokenWireCases 0C Maxoperating75C ReliabilityLevel 2150yearreturn v=1.1 Angle/Tension period ReliabilityLevel 150yearreturn v=1.0 Suspension period ConductorDrag CalculatedbyPLS Coefficient CADD TowerDrag CalculatedbyPLS Coefficient CADD Spanlengths Sitespecific Conductorheights AutomaticallydeterminedbyPLSCADD Verticalloadings +or10% DL=1.1
Conductor Temperature
Ice,Wind+IceCases10C Wind+IceBrokenWireCases10C 132kVline peripheral 4.2.11GB1
Table4.2.2(b)/GB
4.2.2GB9
DL=0.9
3.6.3 BS EN 50341 Partial Strength Factors for determining material/equipment capacity

Item Foundations M=1.35(underhigh windandwind/ice cases) M=1.10 M=1.25 ECCS#39 M=1.60(underhigh icecases)
TowerSteel Conductors Towersteelwork design

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3.6.4 PLS CADD UK NNA Criteria inputs blue selected text is inserted below.
Note that separate runs for each terrain category and reliability level and subsequent partial factor need to be carried out.

20/10060/01
3.6.5 PLS Criteria notes for UK NNA 3.6.5.1 Notes on inputs to Criteria/Weather Cases for EN50341-3-9:2001 UK NNA:
3.6.5.2 Input wind speed should be Kd*Vb where Kd is the wind direction factor from section 4.2.2 GB.2 and Vb is the basic wind speed from 4.2.2 GB.1 (maximum mean hourly wind speed 10m above level ground in basic open terrain category III at sea level) (4.2.2 GB.1). 3.6.5.3 Kcom (combination factor to take account of the improbability of maximum gust loading on both conductors and towers simultaneously) should be entered in the structure wind area factor column in the load case table. 3.6.5.4 Wire wind height adjust model set to 'EN50341-3-9:2001 UK NNA' applies the following: Wind speed will be increased 10% for each 100m above sea level as per 4.2.2 GB.1 Wind speed adjusted for terrain roughness factor Kr for selected terrain category as per 4.2.2 GB.4 Wind speed multiplied by 'partial factor for desired reliability level' above including an adjustment of .8 in the presence of ice (Table 4.2.8(a)/GB.1) Wind speed adjusted for average attach height above ground as per 4.2.2 GB.5.1 Ice thickness adjusted for wire diameter and avg. attachment elevation as per 4.2.3 GB.1.1 Ice thickness multiplied by 'partial factor for desired reliability level' above and for shape factor (4.2.3 GB.2 and Table 4.2.8(a)/GB.1) Wire gust response factor set to 'EN50341-3-9:2001 UK NNA' applies the
3.6.5.5 following:
Wire GRF adjusted for span length, average attach height and terrain roughness using formulas from 4.2.2 GB.7 GRF further adjusted for drag coefficient as function of Reynolds number and ice thickness as per Table 4.2.2(b)/GB values for conductor locked coil ropes, spiral steel strand with more than seven wires Structure wind load model set to 'EN50341-3-9:2001 UK NNA' applies the
3.6.5.6 following:
Wind speed passed to TOWER is adjusted for ground elevation, terrain category and 'partial factor for desired reliability level'. Structure ice thickness passed to TOWER is adjusted for structure top elevation as per 4.2.3 GB.1.1 Structure ice thickness multiplied by 'partial factor for desired reliability level' above (4.2.3 GB.2 and Table 4.2.8(a)/GB.1) TOWER will increase wind with height logarithmically. TOWER will apply gust response factor calculated as (1+Kcom*Gb).
10

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TOWER: 'wind on face' with drag coefficients a function of solidity ratio and apply K wind incidence factor
4. Conclusions 4.1 For the wood pole section of the line, standard pole structures were selected in line with criteria set out in ENATS 43-50. The analysis results (see Appendix A) showed that due to the altitude of the line, the 4 intermediate single pole structures are heavily loaded or overloaded. It was therefore decided that these structures should be strengthened and pole diameters were increased. 4.2 Results of the subsequent analysis of the wood pole structures show a maximum usage of around 83% which is considered acceptable. However, it is noted that the wood pole structure with the non standard poles may require modifications to the steelwork and different fittings to attach the crossarm to the pole. This is due to the thickness of the poles at the attachment point. 4.3 The ENATS 43-50 steel terminal structure shows one horizontal member at the tower waist (see Appendix B) which is overloaded. 4.4 By replacing the original design member with a high yield steel 65x50x5, connected on the short flange and using high yield bolts, this structure no longer has any failing members under the applied probabilistic loads and a gamma V of 1.1 reliability level of 1. 4.5 At tower D32, on the side where the downleads are to be attached, the analysis indicated both the middle and bottom crossarm ties are overloaded and should be replaced (see Appendix B). 4.6 Top crossarm ties are also heavily loaded so it is recommended that ties are strengthened at all 3 crossarms prior to the downleads being attached. It will also be necessary to incorporate a means of attaching the downleads to the suspension tower crossarms which may require additional or modified plates to be installed. 4.7 There are various ways that tower D32 crossarm modification could be undertaken, however the approved method should be decided by the contractor in consultation with WPD and the CDMC which may be based on their preferred safe methods of work and subject to appropriate design checks. 4.8 The method considered in this analysis is for conductor loads to be temporarily removed from the crossarm whilst work is being undertaken. Temporary supports are then applied whilst each individual member is changed and members added and replaced, noting that only 1 crossarm can only be strengthened at any one time.
11

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5. Glossary Angle member: Steel members with perpendicular angles Cables: see Conductor. Conductor: That which has the property of transmitting electricity. The name given to the metallic wires strung from tower to tower to carry electric current Circuit: Consists of metal conductors, single or grouped in bundles for each of the three phases in which electricity is transmitted under an alternating current. Downleads: Downleads are conductors used to connect the overhead cables to a lower level structure. Earthwire: A wire commonly erected above the top most conductor at the tower peak for protection against lightning strikes and to earth any faults. It is connected directly to all supports. Insulators: Materials that are very poor conductors of electricity. Air exists as natural insulation around the bulk of the conductor, but at support structures, an insulator string or strings are required to provide a safe insulation gap between the live conductors and any point of earth. Lattice steel: A framework of steel angle sections with the form of their main components corresponding to a triangular lattice. PLS CADD, PLS Pole and PLS Tower are industry standard software packages produced by Power Line Systems for analysis of overhead lines, pole structures and steel lattice towers respectively. Span length: The distance from one structure to the next. Substation: Electricity generated at power stations is fed into the National Grid System through associated substations. They control the flow of power through the system by means of transformers and switchgear, with facilities for control, fault protection and communications. Topographical: The topography of an area is its surface shape and features. Towers: Overhead transmission line supports more commonly known as pylons. Wire clearance: Specified minimum clearances that must be maintained between overhead transmission line live conductors and the ground, obstacles, railway property and other power lines. Yield stress: The stress at which a material begins to permanently deform.
12

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Appendix A PLS Pole Analysis summary Preliminary assessment:
Final assessment allowing for thicker poles and stays where necessary, in line with final profile:
13

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Appendix B PLS Tower Analysis summary Tower D32 Blaw Knox PL16 D2S Tower summary Criteria Tower Type Extension Tower Number Detail Blaw Knox PL16 D2S STD D32
BS EN 50341-3-9 UK NNA Loading Conditions General Approach High Wind (HW) Wind Ice (WI) Heavy Ice (HI) Maintenance and erection (ME) Failure Containment (FC) Reliability Level Outgoing angle 2 (v=1.1) N/A
Maximum member Middle crossarm ties are up to 144% utilisation NET section capacity in tension under (HI) It is recommended that the crossarm ties are strengthened
14

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Tower 43-50 steel terminal structure summary Criteria TowerType Extension TowerNumber

Detail 4350steelterminalstructure N/A P12
LoadingConditions BSEN5034139UKNNA GeneralApproach HighWind(HW) WindIce(WI) HeavyIce(HI) ReliabilityLevel Outgoingangle 2(v=1.1) N/A
Maximummember The member show below is 156% of L/R utilisation capacityincompressionunder(HI)
15

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AppendixCPLSCADDscreenprints(nottoscale) Profileview
3Dview1
16

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3DView2
17

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AppendixDPoleinformation
18

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132kVOVERHEADLINETOMAESGWYNWINDFARM

ReviewHistory APFP2009Reg5(2)Ref: Author: Reviewed:

Maesgwyn Wind Farm Connection

Maesgwyn Wind Farm Connection

Appendices AppendixAPLSPoleAnalysissummary AppendixBPLSTowerAnalysissummary AppendixCPLSCADDscreenprints AppendixDPoleinformation

Maesgwyn Wind Farm Connection

Maesgwyn Wind Farm Connection

Maesgwyn Wind Farm Connection

Maesgwyn Wind Farm Connection

BS EN 50341 Probabilistic Loading Criteria

Highwind Wind+Ice 3yrRPwithIce 3yrRPnoIce 1.0forHighWind

22m/s 18.7m/s 14.21m/s 16.72m/s 0.85forWind+Ice

CalculatedbyPLS CADD Withoutwind Withwind 3yearreturnIcewith wind Withoutwind Withwind Withwind

Forallwindload cases 55mm 5mm 5x0.76=3.8 mm 5000N/m3 9000N/m3 5000N/m3

Maesgwyn Wind Farm Connection

rr ConductorIce capping Icethickness structures

Ice,Wind+IceCases10C Wind+IceBrokenWireCases10C 132kVline peripheral 4.2.11GB1

3.6.3 BS EN 50341 Partial Strength Factors for determining material/equipment capacity

TowerSteel Conductors Towersteelwork design

Maesgwyn Wind Farm Connection

Maesgwyn Wind Farm Connection

Maesgwyn Wind Farm Connection

Maesgwyn Wind Farm Connection

Maesgwyn Wind Farm Connection

Appendix A PLS Pole Analysis summary Preliminary assessment:

Maesgwyn Wind Farm Connection

Maesgwyn Wind Farm Connection

Detail 4350steelterminalstructure N/A P12

Maximummember The member show below is 156% of L/R utilisation capacityincompressionunder(HI)

Maesgwyn Wind Farm Connection

Maesgwyn Wind Farm Connection

Maesgwyn Wind Farm Connection

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