DIVISION OF TIME, AND ARTICLES OF CULTIVA-

TION, iN SIND.
DIVISION OF 'I'IME.
As in India, so in Sind generally, we find two kinds of years, viz
1st, the Moslem or Lunar Year.
2nd,the Hindoo, or Lu:nl,SoJlar.
into three seasons of four
seasons, viz :-
in duration, from to
being the most simple of all
year used by all Musulman
hot season, which contains
six Ritu, or seasons, :-
"'Vinter" months.
"Freezing" months.
"Spring" months.
" Hot" lllonUlS.
requires
time, and
The Hiridoo as well as tbe Arabic week begins with the Sunday;
hUI the days, as in India, are differently named by the Hindoos and
Moslems. We append a list of them:..;.., ,
Hmdoo. MOIlem.
I, Artar (Sun's day). Achar.
2, Sumar (Moon'e day). Sumar.
3, Mangal (Mars' day). Angaro (firebrand).
4, Budhar (Mercury's day). Arba (fourtb day).
5, Vrispat (Jupiter's day). Khamls (fifth day).
6, Sukrawir (Venus' day). Jummo.
7, Chenchar (Satum's day). Chancbar, or Chamchar.
The minor divisions of time are,-
lst:-Pahar, watches; of which there are eight in our twenty-Com
hours.
2nd.-Ghul, hours; equal to about twenty-four minutes of our time.
3rd.-Pal, moments; of whiCh there are, sixty in the Ghn.
CROPS IN SIND.
'1'he crops are two in number, viz:-
lst.-Rubia : the vernal crop, sown in the autumnal months oC
Assu, awl Katti, brought forward (as in India) by the heavy dews
and the cool nights that prevail dming the winter, and reaped in
o the spring about Phaggnn and Chait.
2nd.-Khareef: the autumnal, lllOwn in the sumpler months oof Jeth,
Akbar, and saWall, brought fOl"Wllrd by-the flooding of the river,
and cut after the inundation subsides, or about the months of
_ Katti aud Nahrl.
In submitting' the following list of grains and other productions, we
have ';nly to remark that it iB necessarily an incomplete one, and that
our .means of procuring information are very. limited. It is only by,
travelling about the province, and by making among the
cultivators, that uytbing like III perfect list could b.e collected. We
hope however that, lUI a basis for future inquiry, it may be of some
little utility.
In the accompanying tables, the first column contaips the common
Sindee appellation of the different productions, and next to it is the
Sindo-Persian synonyme, as used in the province in official and revenue
. papers. When there is an English name for the production; it is ineerted
" in the third column; or, if none such exist, we give the term generally
'understood throughout HindoostllD. The fourth column contains the
SiDdee. Sanscrit. ,English.
lst.-KaU1. Kartika. r October-November.
2
_-' N h' Ma'rgashirsha. Noyember.December.
.....- II. rl.
3rd.-Poh. Pansha: . December.January.
4
M' h Magha. J anuary-Pebruary.
t,.- ag.
5th.-Phaggun. Pbalguna. February-l\Iarch 0
6th.-Chait. Chailia. l\Iarch-April.
7tA.-Waishakh. Waishakba. April-l\iay.
Stn.-Jetb. Jeshtha. MayJunc.
9th.-Akhar. Asharha. June-July.
10tll.-S8wan. Shrawana. July-Angust.
Htll.-Daddo. Bhadrapadas.
12th.-Assu. Ashwina. Scplember-Octob"r.
The Sambat begins on the lst of Kartika. . . .
TI Indian astronomical year commences on Ihe lsI 01 Chaltra, as
Ie I 'S' I A
doe!' the Shalivnhan era; but this is not in gellPI'<\ use III Ill<. S
regards calculations of eclipses, and even the
almanacs, the Bramins throw so much dlillCulty III the, way research,
Iha\ we have not hitherto been able tu anythuIS wurth
In India., moreover, the Adhikmasa or embolismal month iil
intercalated during what we ijhould call the summer, or between Marc11
and September; and when .two months of same o.ccnr, the
first is called Prathama., and the second DWltlya, to dlstingmsh the,m
from each other. '
But in Sind the embolism does not appear to be confined to !lny
particular time.
Astronomical calculations are conducted both by Sarsudb and
pokarna Bramins. Their almanacs are made. up every yea.r,. but not
much used by the people in general, as the Pnest prefers wnting them
in SanllCrit, in order to render them unintelligible to the vulgar, and to
constitute himself the sole ,explainer'oftheir contents. ..,
The era IJJlUaUy met with in official' and revenu,e .papers. 8Uld IS
tbe FUlIIee; but in books, gene-
rally, the Hijree dale is preferred.. The In Smduse the
Sambat, or Vikramaditya's era,. whIch begms death ?f.that
monarch at Ujjam, A. c. 57. They are of cOlirse of the
of the several Hindoo Yoga or periods, aild know tbatthe present. IS the
J{ali Yoga (called by them the Kal.Jugu), although they rarely If ever
aSllume its commencement as an era.
The following comparison of the Sindee with the Sll,Dscrit names of .
the months will prove that the former are easily derivable from the
latter :-
mentioning.
10 kinds.
7
"
6
"
11
"
10
"
6
"
3
"
2'
"
3
"
4
"
5
"
21
"
:name of the plant, and in the fifth is the season. in which
it i,. cut.
The following is a list of the articles of cultivation which we have
enumerated, viz:-
1, Grains (Gramineoo) , , " " , ' " " " " " , . " "
2, Pulse (Leguminosre) """""""""""
3, Oil Seeds " , , , , , , , , , , , , , , . , . , , .
4, Greensand Vegetables , " .. ".,.'." ..
5, Gourds (Cucurbitacere) "', .. ,, .. ",.
6, Dye Plants " ,.,.""' .. ,.,,,
7, Cordage and Clothing , , , , , , , " , , . , , , , , , .
8, Tobacco and Sugar , , .. , , .. , . , .. , .. ,
9, Intoxicating .Plants . , .. , , , .... , .. , , .. , , .
10, Medicines .. , , , , , , . , . , . , , . , , . , , , " , ..
11, Condiments ", .. , .. ,.'., .. , , .. ', .
12, Fruits .,. , " . , . , . , . , , "' . , , . , , , . , .
Total .. .. 88 kinds.
We have preferred the Lar to the Siro dialect in the Sindee column,
and have generally selected the most popular word. When two terms
are given, thereason is that both are equally well known.
A superficial glance at the Persian portion will be sufficient to prove
lllat it is a different dialect from the Persian spoken in Persia: many
words are freshly coined ones; a considerable portion is composed of
obsolete terms; and not unfrequently a word is perverted from its
original meaning. Such as it is, however, it is used throughout Sind
and Reloochistan, Moohan and RuhawulpooT, the Brahooee Country,
:md 1he greater part of
ARTICLES OF CULTIVATION IN SIND, PARTICULARS OF
WHICH ARE GIVEN IN THE FOLLOWING PAGES,
I,-Grains.
H,-Pulse,
IlL-Oil Seeds,
IV,-Vegetables and Greens,"
V.-Gourds.
VI.-Dye Plants.
VII.-Clothing and Cordage.
VII I.-Tobacco and Sugar.
IX.-Intoxicating Plants.
X.-Medicines.
XL-Condiments.
Xn.-Fruits.
I.
GRAINS.
8!Dd611. P.nlaD. Common Name. 8<l!eDlIlIe Nsm 8eUOb.
blllarD.
.jiU NangulL
,,.-0 Mandwah. INacbneeand Ra-IEleutlineOoracana.IKhareef.
gee. (Gretu).
Ditto.
Ditto,
I.f.
"!)'- SarI. 8. f.
)'- 8[lrl. 8.I.
..1J.;r Kiraugu. I.m.
Bajhart s. j.
,!IM MakaL s.f.
.J'- saou. I. m.
'IJ'fr Jawari.
Shall.
Jft Gat
.'1ft4 Bajr'!.
'!ft'4 BfljrL
,!.P'!"4 Biijri.
Indian.< M...iUet; Sorghum vulgare.
Turkey Millet; .(Randll.)
Negro Corn.
Rice Paddy,. .. Oryza sativa. (L.)
Kungnee 'ISetdtalica. (R. B.)
Bajree Penicillana vulga-
ris, (BeauY.)
U,"", (1..)
Sawa Ilnd 8ha Panreum fmmenta-
moola. ceuw. (Rox.).
Ditto .. IKurbee.
Ditto ,ITwo varieties, white and red:
the white is called Sligda
Sf u"'1.J'r theredis called
Silldee ; . the is called
Chanwar There are
many varieties of this grain,
e. g. MotiYD, Ganjo, Trimi-
niyim, .IUlibni (red), 8l1thri-
yo..Kamod,&tariyo (white)
Ditto
Ditto;
...t:.5 Rank
o
. 8. f.
,.; Gih""" 8. m.
r.>J! Gandum. Wheat,; l'I'riticum vulgare.1Rubia
(V.M.)
.jVarieties white and red (Thori
and Pllnbon). There are
many other kinds, as Goji,
Tllndllr, KodaniI. The wast-
ed grains ellten by the people
lire called DhanI.
Ditto. Common Millet.IPanicummiliaceum.
(L.)
Barley IHordeum hen.su.
chon. (L.)
fr Jau.
1,\1))1 Arum.
fr Jan. 8.m.
Chlnu. I. iii.
Ditto . IThe gtffn barley is called
Khold; .corrupted from the
Persian Khllvid,),l""'" .
0[,8. The strllws of these and the green plUU of'the Pulse, ennmerlited in the next table, together with Fenugreek,
lind aome other fodders, lire given to oxen and bOfseli ;-oxen reject few. artieles. Filvourite camels get also nriollS dry lind wet fo<1ders, liS
Kurbee, Fenugreek, Indilln eres!!, lind the green parts of the three plants; Cotton leeds are given to oxen, and Oil-r.ake to
camels, oxell, IIl1d sheep. . .
n.
PULSE.
Btndee. Pent.... CommOll 1'1ame. I 8ekmlUlc l'l'sme. I3<luon. Remarkl.
,..l.o I. f. M!t&h. ()orna IPbueolull radiatull.IKhareef.
(Rox.)
Cbowlee ..J).J'to Chaunro. I. m.
J.J Wall' 8. m.
Lobiya.
4!.,J Lobiya.
,DOliChQIl sInenllis.1 Ditto
(t.)
Wail ILabillb vulgaris.! Ditto.
(8ari.)
Remarks.
Season.

Sindee.
&!i...o Mung s. m.
N.ame. / ------1---- .->-__
""", I " , I .
Mung. IMooog .. '" . jPhaseol liS mungo. Khaleef.
, --eJ . ",.1 (Rox.)
h Chano. 8. m1 Nakhud. jBengal Granl. ,eieer arietinum.(L.) Rubia
.;... Matar s. m11 ....ti-.o Masang. iChiekling Yetch.!LathYrus sativus. Ditto Ivery extensively cultivated.
I I (L.) .
..w" Mohar 8. m'l IJ':>S Adas. I..... aconiti-I Ditto. I
I fohus. I I
gtains, when split, are called Dal; when ground, the flour is called Atto.
,ux:
OIL SEEDS.
1 I., I
Sindee." ., __.1 __ '-I -'. . -s
Jt Tlikhm-i- Koosumba; orlCarotll'amlis tindo-I Rubia . Thegrain-likeJruifortheSaf_
I Glll-i-muasfir. Saffiowel'Seeds.
1
nus. (L.)! flower(commonlycaUedthe
I i seed) is often eaten.
'l:,. J' .b', I 'l:,. Tl I, , . , I .
.J+' " am o. . Jtimbeh. " !Eruca satIVa.(Lam.)! DItto . I
I
IIThe
gree
, n parts of,i,the three
. . " . . I . Mustard-oil >plants lire
Sanh" I ,Sarahaf. I .... -. iSlllllPIS , glauca./, Ditto.... eaten liS greens, and used
I (Rox.) tas fodder.
00

.".., Ahur
l
. Kharolll.
Kunjid.
IRaee ., " . ISinapis ramosa.1 Ditto.
(Rox.)
Til, or Ginglee .. \Sesamum IndicumlKhareef.
(L.)
: I
iJ
I
'Not so easily congealed as
i cocoanut oil.
I%! Bed anjir. Castor Oil Plant. IRkinlls communis.1 Perennial.
(L.)
Oil called Heeran.jo.tel, or
more generally Aranditel
, (from the Hindoostllnee). It
I is easily congealed.
I
Oll6. ,The oil of the Safflower seeds, of the Mustard seeds, lind of the Til, is extrActed by a wooden pestle, working in a wooden mortar,
and driven by oxen and camels. The residuum, or oil-cake, is called Khur, and is nniversally nsed for oxen, camels, goats, and sheep. The
oil of the Ricinus is extracted, by boiling. '
The Powari.jo.bij is also called Khoinhe.jo-hij, Khoinbo being the name of the plant. There is a wild seed which is also called Powad,
hut it is olno use.
IV.
VEGETABLES AND GREENS.
Persian. Common. SCientific Name. Season.
'jEgg Plant,
Brinjal.
'fh' ('.Y urn" s.f.
Basllr
u
, s. f.
l./,).Y" :Muri. s.f.
J,,, Wanganu,s. m.
fi"" Sir.
Piyaz.
"".JJ Turb.
Badanjim.
1:,ll!i.l4 Badangall.
Garlic . IAmullI sativum. (L.)
Onion ',' . , IAIIium cepa. (Lo)
Radish ... IRaphaulls sativlls.
I (Lo)
otSolanum .melon-
I
,
I gena. (L.)
Rubia
chiefly.
Ditto.
Ditto.
Ditto.
Gajar: U-I t/r'J.J"J) .. Potatoe ISatawedl.llis. (eil.)
hon. hor.
Ditto IUhon, being I1l.riposed to haTe
cODle (rom the"Punjllub.
Carrot \DaucQlcarota. (L.>I Rubia
chiefly.
llemarU. sea-. .. Name.. I lhlatUlo l'I'lIIlM; Penlau.
.1..) Zardak.
SlDdee.
Gajar'" I. m.
An Arab medicinal term, derhed
ihlm. the Greek.
Ditto.
Ditto.
urnip . 'IBlUIlica rllpa. (L.)
:Country Sorrel. Rumex vesicariu8.
(k)
I$pipacbiatetrandra.\ Ditto.
(1.)
twi....r Iafinag.
Sbalgham.
...u.,; TUfshak.
..tJle Palak" f. I.
Gokbro. s. m.
.?h Ch6ko. I. m.
Jo Metbl. s. f. Shai.lllld. Fenugreek jTrigonella
. gllOOum.
Falnu'
(L.)
Y-itto.
'.
'r Saw"-.8.j. Sibt. UmbeUifema.... 0.1 Ditto.
Ohs.-The lea'l'eS of the three Mustard-oil plants are abo blliled, and eaten as greens.
. V.
GOUBDS.
'Remera,"
Ditto . ISe'l'eral varietiH, as Dimmm-
Bhabi. the Kachi (Kutch)
Gidroo, &c.
Ditto.
Ditto.
Ditto.
8e_D.
1)itta
SelelltUle If&inl.
Kaddu.
J'I Kaehreb. IDilpilRDd
Dilpasand.
)",Ao w MaahUreh.
irA Binduw"neh. Water Melon . OitmUus ,oIgltis.
')Y,'; (Seb,)
d:!..f. K.aralah. Momotdicl!.. chattn
.
.,);1,.,.... KharbUzeh. !Melon ..... ICucumis mela. (1.)'
Sindee. \. Peralm. ICommoo Nlme. .
Pumpkin 00 vulgaris.
,YJ>! Oidhro. e. m.
Kaddu. s. m.
"Ir.!. lri.b. ,. m.
Meho.8
,}.i" Wango. s. m.
Chauho. I. m.
Hindano. I. m.
"u'; Karelo. s. m.
Tura. I.f
;,.;,.. Khiyar.
Lufl'a penmndra,
and acutangula.
(Rox.)
Ditto.
Chibburul. m.\ ..JJ,.:.,) Raushanak.
BadiranguI.m. Badarang.
4Sft!.J Rebhri.
Kadotri.
Trichosanthes an
guina. (L.)
Ditto.
Ditto.
Ditto.
VI.
DYE PLANTS,
Remarks.
. IRind of fruit used for calicos;
callcdinSindce Chodi U'.l-n-
in Persiau Post
Yellows.
Sllid to be grown in Upper Sind?
Ditto
Ru bia ,.IFermented in pukka vats, called
Houz ue,.,... Blues. greens.
and blacks.
lind Bet,(Zizyphus vulgaris). It is used for
introduced; -Walnut bark (Musag). is httroduced from
Rubia tinctoria. (L.)i
Puniea granatum.
(t.)
Pomegranate
rind.
I
COlllI1lonNnmo. Scientific Name. i S""son.
--_.... ------1 -----
It ndigo ....... rndigofel'a tinctoria.l
I (L.) !
I
GIlI-i-MuiIS-ISaffiower . Carth,l!1lu, lindo-i Ditto The petlllsare the parts used.
far. I rius. (L.)! Before drying, they nre sub-
I
! jeeted to a thorough heating
I with sticks.-Reds & Pinks.
Gul-i-Muiis- iPala;.i, Dak, Blltea frondosa. (L.)/I Perennial. The flowers are the parts used.
far. I Pullus, Purrus. -Yellows.
Hanfl. Henna (leaves). Lawsonia alba. I Ditto. 'INO! used for calicos, hut for
(La'l].) i woollensandhnir-doths;
uscdalso _for stRiniflll; >the
hllnds,llellrd.&hnir....... Bnft's.
PersiaD.
t.4i NIL
}il Anal'.
li.:..


Sind.
A Nirus.m.
r.S Khoinbo. s. m.
VII.
Remarks...
ISeeds sold in all bazars, to feed
oxen. GOssypilim obtn.ifoli-
nm (Rox.) grows pedectly
wild all over the limestone
formation in Sind.
leotlo"
CLOTHING AND CORDAGE PLANTS.
I CQllllnon'Nante. I Scientific Name. I Season. ----

I
Taag-sull . .lCrotularia jUllcca'l! Khal'eef.. J<'ibre separated by steeping in
Bengal-sun. 1 (L,) ponds and tanks.
A S"'biol Ditto
.... !Gossvpium hei'ba-I Ditto
I, cel;lIl. (L.) i
I !
I I
Pertdan.
1:".... San.
.... San.
Darnkht-i-
- PamLeh.
Sind'e.
!.s;.,.., I
. I
Sujjildo. s, 712,'
'Vlllln", s. m.1
I
I
----------- -- ----------,---------------
I
.--------------\
The Cotton itself is calbl ill SiIHlce Knpalill Z11 and in Persian Pllmbeh
seeds nrc called in Sindee Kilk{lro (8. m.),jfl in Persian Pambeh daneh <.\.it.:.
The capsule or pod is called iii Sindee KitpasJo (s. In.)
-There arc sel'eral kinds of Cotton, e. g. Sindee, Kaehi (Kutchee), Nar01u, Vilayat), &e.
Many wild plants in Sind yield excellent twine_ and rope.
VIn.
TOBACCO AND SUGAR PLANTS.
SiDdee. P,"IaD. C"mmOll Nama. a..lonllllcName. 8_0. Remarks."
obacco . 1Nicotiaua
cum. (t.)
Kamand... I. m.
JIJ Tamaku. I. m.
Naiebakk.ar./Sugarcane .. ISaccbarum
cinarom.
.".s'4U Tanbak6.
!There are eeveral varieties., e.g. Kamand
(L.) Acho (white), and Garo (red). The
best kind iscalled Chandukai
from. Cbanduko, the CQuntry about
Larkbana, whicb" formerly Wllll the
property of the Delooch tribe called
Chindujo; "
,e first crop is called '#ft Neri; the
lleeond is gathered about a month
later, Ilnd is inferior; its name is
Bant! (,.f.) &401' Bajllra..r'F There
are aeveral v{uieties: tbe chief afe,
l,t, of .wbicb there. are
two. kmds,Tatkh (bitter) and Mlttho
. (sweet); 2nd, adark and in-
ferior .article. All the Sindtobacoo is
"Iwested in cocks, and -covered with
mats, . preventing the 1IOOes& of air
. ijeilce its inferiority when compared
With American; .
IX.
INTOXICATING PLANTS.
Slndee. Persiil)l.
Seiolltlfte Name. SeIlllOIl. Remarks.
./ Pllrtly wild, and partly culti-
vllted about houses. There
are two varieties, Acho
(white) and Karo (black) ;
the last rllre. 0
somni-I Ditto
(L).
Hemp. jCannabis sativa ... jRubia IThe most celebrated kind in
Sind is clliled Bubukai
Bhang, from the town of
Bubllk, near Lllke Munchur.
It is very strong.
!
1Vide end of these remarks for
II detlliled IIccount of the
different" Modes of Intoxicllo
tion" practised in Sind.
Opium Poppy . IPapaver
ferum.
Thorn Apple ... jDatura alba. (L.)/ Ditto
JJ+i Nabrak.
.....,;s Kanab.
)liS.,,5 Koknar.
Bhang"" f.
Post.. ,.f.
1)";:5 Dhaturo. s. m.
x,
MEDICINES.
,seeds carminative. Ptychotis
(L.)
Pen;!IW.
Aj III ud.
Siodee.
J!m
l
. ,.j'.
.....----:------------.-,--, I .----
Comma" N.....' I SelenllJl" Name. i ""...,,0. '. Unmark.
... . I
--, .__.- _.-
Il;jOwan.!Rubia
Ditto . ISeeds demulcent. IspangarU" I. m.
Ahariyo. s. m.
Sona Makkt
Ispaghot
IJIA HlIleh.
u... Sanfl.
Issufgool; EsubPlantago Ispaghll-
gooL la.. (Roll.)
Halim , , Lepidillln aativum.
(L;)
'Tillivelly 8enna.jCasllia elongata.
(Lew.)
Ditto
Ditto
,Seeds llsed ill medicine; plant
itself is give!! to eamels, to
fatten them.
Leaves pnrll;ative. Se'nna simi-
lar to that of Aleppo grows
wild in Sind.
XI.

Pohle, , , Common i Sclentl!lc Name. ! Season. I Rem..ke.
.JoU Dudiyfm, \sol1r. panmo-!Rl1bia .IUsed. in Pillnus, cooling 1.\lIt!
: nel.) , rl. (D. C.)! I tome.
r
r
mm
;"
I
co
:-
Jiro.w. flI I
I

Jili Filn!.
.r.iM Gashniz.
'r.) Zirah.
Mint ""'" ./Mentha viridis. (1.) Ditto. 'ITheyalso extl'nct an
I oil from it.
I
Red Pepper .. ,.Capsicum frutes-
J
1
,. INot so mueh used as in Inuia.
jcens. (L.) I
COl'iancler 'jCoriandrum sati-/Rubia . JUsea in made dishes.
I .vum. (L.) r I
., " . ICuminum cym) Ditto. in l)il!lI11s; considered
mlln. L.): inimical to thefretus, ane!
i Ilscllasallabortifaeient, allll
I
, also as a rreycnth'c against
I pregnane}. ".
'"
XII.
SiDdell. I
.r.::F", Anjiru. 8. flI,
.::..,,3 Tutu.
.:..J4.t. SllIIbtut..

..r.:FI Anjir.
Tut.
FRUITS.
-Ii
fig .... , ..... .. Dnd
I tion. 'l'he IHll'l'leskinhi'<!
I :. figs are "ery I'lltely lnctwith.
I
Mulberry IMorus nigra. (L.)! Ivcry, well suited to lhcelilnate.
I Might he plalltfd extensilcly
! along the canall.
I
Sind..,. PersiAn. Common Name. Scientific Name.
Season.
Remarb.
Apple " \Pyrus malus. (t.) .Jy<> S6f" s. m.
PM.ruho. s. m.
Sib
wi,; Ff\lseh. Phulsa , , IGrewill.
(t.)
Asiatica.
A. small, tasteless fruit, like the
Summer Apple of England.
A. very fine fruit in Sind. Many
wild species life fOUlld on
the 'hills, whose fruit is pa-
latable, and could be much
improved by cultivation.
"""'1 Amb
u
, $. m.
y"'1 Amu.s.m.
s. f.
fi Ber. s. m.

Ambah.
)",J.jl Angur.
)US Kun(tf.
.. IMangifera Indica.
I (t.)
I
Grape Vine .. \VitiS vinifera. (t.)
I
I
I
Jujube , .!Zizyphus vulgaris.
(L.)
I
IRose Apple .. !Jambosa vulgaris.
1 (D. C.)
Thrives exceedingly well, and
would repay attention. There
are many varieties, e. g.
Rabin Shiddi, Patasho Go-
dalm, Mar, Watar, Makhau,
Suraho, &c.
In speaking Sindee, Drakha
is used for the country grape,
lI!! opposed to the finer fruit
brought down from the
northward. The Khishmish,
or dried grapes, are not pre-
pared in Sind.
:'IIany varieties exist, one very
large one, called the Sufu
Beru 'Or MaKka[ Bern. The
wild Jujube (Zizyphus jujn-
ba) is called Bem Jail-
guro.
L1mu. s. m.
Zaitun
u
, s. m.
ffj' N' . ,
"/') 1 anglo s. m,
J,ufj Narel
u
s. m.
Sita pMlu.
Lirneh.
J-i;li Narangi.
Nargil.
j
Lime ......Citrus betgamia.!
(Rino.)
Guava .... Perdium pyriferum.
(t.)
Sweet Lime . \Citfus limetta.
(Risso.)
Cocoa Palm . 1Cocos nucifcl'3. (L.)
I
Custard Apple . :t\nona squamosa.
(t.)
Properly speaking,Zaitun signi-
fies' the Olive; 'it isimpro_
perly applied to the GUlIva.
Much cultivated. It is alllO
called .Sangatariin Sindee.
The Orange does not appear
to be cultivated.
Abont Kurachee only, where
it might beextensively plant-
ed on Salt soil with adv.an-
tage.
Found only in the garden be-
longing to the late Meer
Nusseer Khan, near Hyder.
abad.
Plantain IMusa Paradisiaca.
(L.)
Pomegranate jPunica granatum..
(L.)
s. m.-
'Jy} Kewiro. 8. m.
"')10) Dliruho. s. m.
Turanj.
)Y" Manz.
)l.il Anar.
Pompeimoun;
Pummalo?
Citrus
(1.)
decumana. Ditto ditto; occasionally called
Turanj by learned Sindees.
Kewiro is both the fruit and
the tree. Theforrnerisal$o
called Kewireji-phari.The
mndoos .use the leaves as
eating plates,and call them
Kewire-ji-pataL
Very well suited tothe dimate;
would repay care and atten-
tion.

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s:i
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0; .;
.;
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co

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<Jl
....

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E-<
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13,
.REMARKS ON THE MODES OF INTOXICATION IN SIND.
wines, properly speaking, are of two ](inds, viz:-
1, Kishmishl.-l\Iade of dry grapes.
2, Anglul.-Made of the Sind grape, at Hyderabad, Sdnvan, and
Sbikarpoor.
Buth the above are eith.er pure, or mixed with a spirit extracted from
raw suga.l'.
LIQUElJRS.-Of the liqueurs, I am acquainted with only seven
varieties, viz :-
extract i)f aniseed, colourless,
drunk; the !l pirit i!l it is general! y
III
of Gur or other spirit, and perfumed
as above, and coloured and perfumed
SllCliil:I".--,-IContaillilllg musk and other ingredients',
Kalrllle-io.. Sllelral)u..-Made of the flowers of a shrub ('ailed Kama,
throughout
fJ
distilled from raw sllgar.
c'annot alford the hest
2, Ganjo..:..-The inflorescence oftbehemp before the gum has been
expressed; smoked in a water pipe, tillapeculill.f contraction
of the throatis felt.
3, Charas.-Thegumofthe. hemp (rarely eaten; except when pre.
pared as a sweetmeat) ; generally smoked like Ganjo.
All the three preparations above enumerated are considered highly
aphrodisiac, and frequently produce madness, delirium tremens, cata-
lepsy, and other diseases.
MAAJli1l1.-'l'here arc many intoxicating s'weetmeats termed Mii;;j{uns,
and generally mled by the higher classes. Some of these preparations
are made up of as many as twenty or thirty different ingredients. The
basis orall of them is milk (or ghee) and sugar; the intoxicatingmatter,
Chara.s,Ganjo, Bhang, Opium, Datura, and Poppy Seeds; the condi-
ments, Cloves, Mastich, CinnamoIl, Aniseed, Cummin, Cardamoms,
&c. &0.
'fADHAL.-'.r{tdhal is the generic name for thecooJingpreparationsof
Bhang, poppy secds, and oth... r such ,articles,. drunk during the hot
season by the wealthy. '1'11e Bhang is believed to have great refrige-
!atingpowers, and to neutralise the effects of heat.
The seeds used in preparing these articlesare,-
1, Khashkhash; the Poppy Seed.-It can scarcely be called intoxi-
cating, but aids in producing. that peculiar drowsiness which
the delight of the votaries of hemp.
2, Dhaturo, the seeds of the Datura stramonium.-An active poison,
ouly used by those upon whom hemp, by constant usage, has
lost its effects. 'I'he Halwai, or sweetineat makers, are in the
habit of mixing up this seed with their Maaj{tms.