HANOI UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

***************************************

INTERNSHIP REPORT
Cua Dat Hydropower Plan

Supervisor : Nguyn c Huy, PhD

: Nguyn Trung
Student

Hanoi 3-2014

Preface and acknowledgement

Finding work can be a real challenge, especially if we don't have any
experience. Yet to get experience we must first find a job. It's a nasty catch that can
be difficult to get around but an internship is a good way to do it. Therefore, this
internship provides me the opportunity to gain hands on work experience that I just
cant get in the classroom. Moreover, this internship can be seen as the pinnacle of
my undergraduate education and give me the chance to use the skills I've learned in
the classroom in a real-world setting. Its a chance to prove the worth of my
qualifications and to show that I can perform in the role I've been given.
I has taken efforts in this project. However, it would not have been possible
without the kind support and help of many individuals and organizations. We would
like to extend my sincere thanks to all of them.
I am highly indebted to Cua Dat Hydro Power Plant for their guidance and
constant supervision as well as for providing necessary information regarding the
report & also for their support in completing the report.

CONTENT
List of figure..................................................................................................................................... 4
List of tables.................................................................................................................................... 5
Chapter 1. Introduction of Cua Dat hydropower plan...................................................................6
I.General information about Cua Dat irrigation and hydroelectric project .....................................6
1.Irrigation project..................................................................................................................... 6
2.Hydroelectric project.............................................................................................................. 7
3.Function of Project:................................................................................................................ 7
II.Power plan parameters............................................................................................................ 11
1.Generator parameters.......................................................................................................... 11
2.Transformer parameters....................................................................................................... 11
Chapter 2.Expert information....................................................................................................... 13
I.Major Electric Connection Diagram of the plan.........................................................................13
1.Generator (H1, H2).............................................................................................................. 14
2.Transformer (T1; T2)............................................................................................................ 14
3.Auxiliary transformer (TD91;TD92)......................................................................................15
4.Pole circuit breaker (901; 902)............................................................................................ 15
5.Fuse (941-1; 942-2)............................................................................................................. 15
6.Earthing disconnetor at 13,8kV (901-05 ; 902-05)...............................................................16
7.Transformer at 13,8kV side (TU9H1A; TU9H2A ; TU9H1B; TU9H2B).................................16
8.Current transformer of 13,8kV side (TI9H1, TI9H2).............................................................16
9.Voltage transformer at neutral of generator(TUH10; TUH20)...............................................17
10.Valve type lighting arrester 13.8kV (CSC91 ; CSC92).......................................................17
11.Capacitor of 13.8kV side.................................................................................................... 17
12.Circuit breaker 110kV (171; 172; 173; 174).......................................................................17
13.Disconnected at 110kV...................................................................................................... 18
14.Transformer of 110kV side.................................................................................................18
15.Current transformer of 110kV side.....................................................................................19
16.Valve type lighting arrester 110kV:.....................................................................................19
II.Protection for transformer and generator.................................................................................19
1.The protection for generator................................................................................................. 19
2.The protection for transformer.............................................................................................. 24
III.Operational process................................................................................................................ 28
1.Start unit diagram................................................................................................................. 28
2.Stop unit diagram................................................................................................................. 30
IV.Black Start procedure............................................................................................................. 32
1.What is black start:............................................................................................................... 32
2.Function and requirement of black start plan.......................................................................32
3.Black start sequence............................................................................................................ 33
Chapter 3.Experience gained during the internship...................................................................34
Reference....................................................................................................................................... 35

List of figure
Figure 1: Major electric connection diagram of the plan...........................................................13
Figure 2: Two stages of loss of excitation relay.........................................................................22
Figure 3: Start Unit Diagram......................................................................................................... 28
Figure 4: Start unit diagram(Block).............................................................................................. 29
Figure 5: Stop Unit Diagram......................................................................................................... 30
Figure 6: Stop unit diagram(Block).............................................................................................. 31

List of tables

Table 1: Main Parameters................................................................................................................ 8

Table 2: Generator parameters..................................................................................................... 11
Table 3: Transformer parameters................................................................................................. 11
Table 4: Generator......................................................................................................................... 14
Table 5: Transformer..................................................................................................................... 14
Table 6: Auxiliary Transformer..................................................................................................... 15
Table 7: Pole Circuit Breaker........................................................................................................ 15
Table 8: Fuse.................................................................................................................................. 15
Table 9: Earthing disconnector.................................................................................................... 16
Table 10: Transformer................................................................................................................... 16
Table 11: Current Transformer...................................................................................................... 16
Table 12: Voltage Transform at Neutral of Generator.................................................................17
Table 13: Valve Type Lighting Arrester........................................................................................17
Table 14: Capacitor........................................................................................................................ 17
Table 15: Circuit breaker............................................................................................................... 17
Table 16: Disconnected................................................................................................................. 18
Table 17: Transformer................................................................................................................... 18
Table 18: Current Transformer...................................................................................................... 19
Table 19: Valve type Lighting Arrester 110kV..............................................................................19

Chapter 1. Introduction of Cua Dat hydropower plan

I.

General information about Cua Dat irrigation and hydroelectric

project

Cua Dat project consists of 2 parts: Irrigation project and hydroelectric project

1.

Irrigation project

Owned by Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, operated Chu River

Water resources one member Company limited.
The project includes:
Principal Dam is concrete-face and rock-fill Dam;
Spillway releases floods;
Dc Cy Accessory Dam and Hn Can Accessory Dam.
Main function of irrigation project:
Provide stable water resource for 86.862 ha farmland.
Reduce floods with frequency P = 0, 6%, ensure the limited lower reaches

water level at Xun Khnh is +13,71m (record of history flood in 1962).

Provide water for industry and life with flow rate 7,715 m3/s;
Supplement water in dry season to clean out alkaline and improve environment
with flow rate 30, 42 m3/s.

2.

Hydroelectric project

Owned and operated by Vinaconex P&C joined stock company.

It includes:
Surge chamber;
Penstocks
Powerhouse and leave drain
Distributed station and 110KV transmission line .

3.

Function of Project:

Take full advantage of water which is provided for irrigation project to generate
electricity. The amount of water for generating electricity depend on the water from
irrigation project.
a.

Location:

Ca t irrigation and hydroelectric project is located on Chu drive, is situated in

Van Xuan Commune, Thuong Xuan District, Thanh Hoa Province. 75 km from
Thanh Hoa city.

b.

Main parameters of project

Table 1: Main Parameters

No
1

Parameter

0,1%
Checking flood peak flow rate P =
0,01%
2

km2
m3/s

5.938
3.660

m3/s

13.200

m3/s

18.900

110,0

73,0

119,05

121,33

Dam
Normal water level surface
elevation
Dead water level elevation
Designed water level elevation
flood
Checking flood water level
elevation
Total storage capacity
Useful capacity

3
Alert I
Alert II
Alert III
Special Alert
4
Type of Spillway

106m3
106m3
Water level resisting flood in 2012
m
m
m
m
Spillway
Ofixerop Reinforce

Type of discharge
Maximum discharge flow rate ,

Value

Hydrography
Valley area
Average flow rate
Designed flood peak flow rate P =

Unit

1.450
793,7
+ 97,00
+102,50
+107,00
> + 107,00

concrete
Face discharging
m3/s11.594

P=0,01%
Crest elevation
m
Crest of face discharging
m
Radial gate
gate
Radial gate width (wide x high)
(m x m)
- Type of radial gate open-close
Hydraulic cylinder
Principle Dam
Designed level
concrete-face and rockType
fill
Top of Dam elevation
M
Length of the top
m
Width of the top
m
Maximum high
m
Wave guarding wall elevation
m
Hydropower plan

122,5
+ 97,0
05
(11x17)

Level I

121,3
1006
10,0
115,3
122,5

c.

Human resource situation:

o Total: 96 people, in there:
Operational workshop: 45 people
Electrical-automation workshop: 15 people
Mechanical-hydraulic workshop: 10 people
Management section and indirect-employees: 26 people
-

01 director

02

01 deputy director

01 Administrative manager

01 marketing employee

01 filing clerks

03 drives

05 assistance employees

05 cooks

07 protectors

II. Power plan parameters

Cua Dat hydropower plan has designed capacity of 97 MW and 2 generators,48.5
MW each, Generation voltage 13,8KV is amplified by 02 transformer 13.8/110KV,
from transformer to 110 KV distribution station and connect to national power grid
at Ba Che station Mc Son station, Thanh Hoa province.

1.

Generator parameters
Table 2: Generator parameters

+
+
-

Manufacturer
DFEM
Type
Three phases synchronous
Rated power
48.5 MW
Cos
0.79
Efficiency
97.4%
Insulation level
F
Rated voltage
13.8 kV
Rated current of stator
2387.2 A
Connection of stator winding
Star
Rated speed
214.3 RPM
Cage speed
425 RPM
Rotating direction
Counter clockwise
Rated frequency
46 Hz
Number of pole
23
Cooling flow rate
240 m3/h
Maximum cooling air temperature 300C
Initial required excitation
<50A
Current
<8s
Time
o
Excitation at 75 corresponding to rated power, rated speed, rated power

factor
+ Urated
+ Irated
2.

244 V
894 A

Transformer parameters
Table 3: Transformer parameters

Manufacturer
Type
Power

TBEA
SF-63000/109
63000KVA

High voltage winding voltage

Low voltage winding voltage
High voltage winding current
Low voltage winding current
Insulation level
Cooling type
Connection
No load loss
Load loss (t = 750C)

115 KV
13.8 KV
316.3 A
2635.8 A
F
ONAN/ONAF
Ynd11
38 Kw
239 Kw

Short circuit inductance (t = 750C)

Rated frequency
Short circuit voltage Un%
Tap changer
Type of tap changer

12%
50 Hz
115 2x2.5%
No load

Chapter 2. Expert information

I.

Major Electric Connection Diagram of the plan

S Ni in Chnh Nh My
Thy in Ca t

Figure 1: Major electric connection diagram of the plan

Major Electric Connection Diagram of the plan consists of 2 generating units

(H1, H2), each unit has capacity of 48.5 MW. Generating voltage of the plant is
selected as 13.8 kV, is connected to 2 step up transformers (T1, T2)) - 63MVA13.8/110kV by 2 pole circuit breakers (901, 902).

Major auxiliary source of the plan is taken from generator pole bus bar (C91,
C92) through 2 transformers (TD91, TD92) 13.8/0,4kV-1000kVA. Two back up
sources: One is taken from local grid through transformer TD31-400KVA35/0.4kV, one is taken form Diesel generator 385KVA/230V.

110kV distribution station consists of 2 bus bars (C11, C12) is connected each

other through 4 110kV circuit breakers (171,171,173,174). Bus bar C11 feed
electricity to 110 kV transmission line (E9.2) to 220 kV Ba Che station. Bus bar
C11 feed electricity to 110kV transmission line (E9.3) to 110 kV Muc Son
station.

1.

Generator (H1, H2)

Table 4: Generator

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13

Type of design
Name
Rated power
Rated voltage
Rated stator current
Rated exciting current
Power factor cos
Efficiency
Rated frequency
Rated speed
Cage speed
Insulation level
Stator wiring connection diagram

2.

Transformer (T1; T2)

Suspension
SF48,5-28/6600
48,5
MW
13,8
kV
2387.2
A
900
A
0,85
97,8
%
50
Hz
214,3
V/p
430
V/p
F
Y

Table 5: Transformer

1 Rated power (at all tap position)

Rated voltage:
2 a. High voltage side (Uc)
b. Low voltage side(Uh)
3 Rated frequency (fm)
Rated current:
4 a. High voltage winding (Ic)
b. Low voltage winding (Ih)
5 Cooling method
6 Grounding type

63

MVA

115
13.8
50

kV
kV
Hz

316.2875
2635,7

A
A

(ONAN/ONAF)
Solid grounding

3.

Auxiliary transformer (TD91;TD92)

Table 6: Auxiliary Transformer

1
2
3
4
5
6
4.

Designed type
Insulation type
Rated primary voltage
Rated secondary voltage
Rated frequency
Rated power

JDZJ-15
Dry
13,8
0,4
50
1000

kV
kV
Hz
kVA

Pole circuit breaker (901; 902)

Table 7: Pole Circuit Breaker

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17

Manufacturer
Rated voltage
Maximum operational voltage
Rated current
Frequency
Rated limit current
Rated operated sequence
Rated breaking time
Rated closing time
Arc-control time
Operations
Arc-control air pressure
Operational mechanism
Rated voltage of closed winding, break winding
Number of closed winding
Number of opened winding
Maximum Air pressure

5.

Fuse (941-1; 942-2)

ABB
15
kV
17,5
kV
2500
A
50
Hz
63
kA
O-0,3 s-CO-3minCO
50
ms
50
ms
20
ms
10000
time
2,7
Bar
Hand /Motor
220
VDC
1
winding
1
winding
3.5
Bar

Table 8: Fuse

1 Rated voltage
2 Rated frequency
3 Rated current
Distance
4 a. Between poles
b. Between electrical parts with earth

13.8
50
630

kV
Hz
A

210
275

mm
mm

Operational mechanism
5 a. Type
b. Rated voltage of motor
Number of auxiliary contactor
6 a. Normal opening
b. Normal closing
7 Self-utilizing source
a. DC voltage
b. AC voltage
6.

Motor
400/230

6
6
220
220

VDC
VAC

Earthing disconnetor at 13,8kV (901-05 ; 902-05)

Table 9: Earthing disconnector

1
2
3
4
5
7.

Rated voltage
Maximum voltage
Rated frequency
Rated current
Operational method

13.8
kV
17.5
kV
50
Hz
2500
A
Hand rotating

Transformer at 13,8kV side (TU9H1A; TU9H2A ; TU9H1B;

TU9H2B)
Table 10: Transformer

1
2
3
4

Type of insulation
Rated primary voltage
Rated frequency
Number of primary winding
Rated secondary voltage
5 a. Star winding
b. Opened delta winding
8.

13.8/3
50
3

kV
Hz
winding

0.11/3
0.1/3

kV
kV

Current transformer of 13,8kV side (TI9H1, TI9H2)

Table 11: Current Transformer

1
2
3
4
5

Manufacturer
Insulation type
Rated voltage
Maximum voltage
Rated primary current

TCS
Dry
15
17.5
630

kV
kV
A

6 Rated frequency
7 Rated secondary current
9.

50
1

Hz
A

Voltage transformer at neutral of generator(TUH10; TUH20)

Table 12: Voltage Transform at Neutral of Generator

1 Designed type
Dry
2 Number of phase
Single phase
3 Number of winding
2
Winding
Rated power at environment temperature 50
kVA
4
40oC
5 Rated frequency
50
Hz
No load rated voltage
6 a. Primary
13.8
kV
b. Secondary
240
V
10. Valve type lighting arrester 13.8kV (CSC91 ; CSC92)
Table 13: Valve Type Lighting Arrester

1
2
3
4

Rated voltage
Rated frequency
Redundant voltage at lightning 20kV
Lightning impulse withstand voltage

13,8
50
37,7
95

kV
Hz
kV
kV

13,8
17,5
50
0,25
95

kV
kV
Hz
F
kV

11. Capacitor of 13.8kV side

Table 14: Capacitor

1
2
3
4
5

Rated voltage
Rated current
Rated frequency
Capacitive
Lightning impulse withstand voltage

12. Circuit breaker 110kV (171; 172; 173; 174)

Table 15: Circuit breaker

1
2

Rated voltage
Rated current

145
3150

kV
A

3
4
5
6
7

Rated frequency
Rated tripping current
Rated closing current
Closing, tripping time
Arc control time at frequency of

50Hz
8 Number of tripping winding
9 Number of closing winding
10 Rated SF6 pressure
Rated operated sequence
11
12
13
14
15

Power of motor
Rated voltage of motor
Rated current of motor
Operational mechanism

50
40
100
80
22

Hz
kA
kA
ms
ms

2
Winding
1
Winding
0,64
Mpa
0-0,3s-C0-3min-C0 bzw.C0-15sC0
750
230
4,6
Spring

W
VDC
A

13. Disconnected at 110kV

Table 16: Disconnected

1
2
3
4
5
6

Rated voltage
Maximum voltage
Rated current
50Hz frequency withstand voltage
Rated frequency
Lightning impulse withstand voltage

110
126
1250
230 265
50
550 630

kV
kV
A
kV
Hz
kV

14. Transformer of 110kV side

Table 17: Transformer

1
2
4
5
6
7
8

Rated voltage
Maximum voltage
Rated frequency
Lightning impulse withstand voltage
Exchanged ratio
Rated primary current
Rated short-circuit current

115
123
50
450
115/ 3 ;0,1/
1/1/1/1
25

kV
kV
Hz
kV
3 ;0,1/
A
kA

15. Current transformer of 110kV side

Table 18: Current Transformer

1
2
3
4
5
6
7

Rated voltage
Rated current
Rated frequency
Lightning impulse withstand voltage
Rated primary winding current
Rated secondary winding current
Rated short-circuit current

115
123
50
450
200-400-600-800
1/1/1/1
25

kV
A
Hz
kV
A
A
kA

16. Valve type lighting arrester 110kV:

Table 19: Valve type Lighting Arrester 110kV

1
2
3
4
5

Rated voltage
96
kV
Maximum operational voltage
78
kV
Short term operational voltage at 1mA
140
kV
Rated flashing current
10
kA
Abundant voltage
< 212
kV
Maximum abundant voltage at flashing current (8/20 micro second)
5 kA
200kV
6
10 kA
212kV
20 kA
230kV
40 kA
260kV

II.

Protection for transformer and generator

Relays are an important integral part of any power system. As generating
stations are the first element in the power system chain, the requirement of
protection starts right from the generator and transformer. Generator as well as
transformer is one of the costliest equipment in the power house. Its damage
causes innumerable financial loss as well as deficit of power in the system.
Hence, from the very beginning of the history of power generation, relays have
been developed for protection of generator and transformer.

1.

The protection for generator

o Relay G60.
Manufacturer: General Electric

 Source: 220DC
Maximum power consuming: 50W
Storage temperature: -400C to 800C
Operational temperature: -200C to 850C in 6 hours.
Humidity: up to 95%
1.1. Generator current differential protection (87G)
-

Using to protect the generator from three phase fault in stator winding and
output. This is main protection of generator and only operating with internal
faults.

Pick up value I = 0.1 A primary side or I = 250A secondary side.

Protection zone: From current transformer G1-TA4 (G2-TA4) located at

output of neutral point to current transformer G1-TA11 (G2-TA11) located at
output of generator

Current circuit connected from X1-7 to X1-10 output of generator and X1-1
X1-4 output of neutral point.

The protection operates without time delay to active pole circuit breaker 901,
die cutting generator, sending protective signal 1 and protective signal 2 to
LCU board, cutting MC171(173), cutting MC172(174) and 941(942).

When protection active .LED25 (Gen diff OP) at relay G60 turn on, LED1
(Gen diff OP) TZJZ-1 turn on, at the same time the generator differential
tripping signal sent to LCU board.

1.2. Generator under frequency protection

-

Using to protect generators when the frequency is under setting value.

This protection takes signal from current transformer G1-TA4 (G2-TA4) and
voltage transformer G1-TV1 (G2-TV1).

This consists of stages:

+ Stage 1: Frequency set point f = 46.5Hz time delay 5 second.
+ Stage 2: Frequency set point f = 46Hz time delay 1 second.

When protection actives LED26 (Under frequency OP) tat relay G60 turn on,
LED2 (Under frequency OP) TZJZ-1 turn on. Relay dont sent tripping

signal, instead sent signal to LCU board.

1.3. Under voltage protection

- Pick up value U = 70%Udm with delayed time t = 1.5 second

- When relay active LED27 (Gen under voltage Op) at relay G60 turn on,
LED3 (Gen under voltage Op) TZJZ-1 turn on, at the same time sent
signal to under voltage protection LCU cabinet for tripping.
1.4. Over voltage protection.

- Pick up value U = 130%Udm time delay t = 1.5s.

- The protection operates time delay t=1.5s to active pole circuit breaker
901, die cutting generator, sending protective signal 1 to LCU board,
cutting MC171(173).
-

When relay actives LED28 (Gen over voltage Op) at relay G60 turn on,
LED4 (Gen over voltage Op) TZJZ-1 turn on, at the same time sent
signal to over current protection LCU board.

1.5. Loss of synchronization (level 1)

Not setting
1.6. Loss of synchronization (level 2):
Not setting
1.7. Loss of Excitation.

- Relay G60 provides Loss of Excitation 40 function with two stages as

follows:

Figure 2: Two stages of loss of excitation relay

o Zb: Generator impedance

( Zb + X 'd )
o C1: Center of zone 1 characteristic: C1 =
2

o R1: Radius of zone 1 characteristic: R1 =

Zb
2

( Xd + X 'd )
o C2: Center of zone 2 characteristic: C 2 =
2

o R2: Radius of zone 2 characteristic: R 2 =

Xd
2

o Setting parameter:

Center of zone 1: 20.66 () radius: 13.35 () time delay t = 0.5s.

Center of zone 2: 34.01 () Radius: 26.69 () time delay t = 1.5s.
Relay active send tripping signal to circuit breaker at the output of
generator.

When relay actives LED31 (Loss of excitation OP) at relay G60 turn
on, LED7 (Loss of excitation OP) TZJZ-1 turn on, at the same time
sent signal to LCU board.

1.8. 100% stator earth fault protection

-

Using to protect generators from stator earth fault.

G60 uses 3- harmonic voltage to protect 100% stator winding. This protection
takes signal from G1-TV1 (G2-TV1) and G1-TV (G2-TV) when voltage U =
0.15pu (16,5V) after t = 5s relay will active.

The protection operates to active pole circuit breaker 901, die cutting generator,
sending protective signal 1 and protective signal 2 to LCU board.

When relay actives, LED32 (100% stator earth fault II stator OP) at relay G60
turn on, LED8 (100% stator earth fault II stator OP) TZJZ-1 turn on, at the same
time sent signal LCU board.

1.9. 95% stator earth fault protection.

-

Using to protect generators from stator earth fault

This takes signal from G1-TV (G2-TV). When voltage U = 0.05pu (12V) and
after t = 0.5s relay will actives.

When relay active LED33 (95% stator earth fault I sta OP) at relay G60 turn on,
LED9 (95% Stator earth fault I sta OP) TZJZ-1 turn on, at the same time sent
signal to LCU board

1.10. Over excitation protection (level 1)

-

This takes signal from G1-TV1 (G2-TV1). When voltage U = 1.15pu (115%U m)
and after t = 8s relay will active.

The protection operates to active pole circuit breaker, die cutting generator.

When relay actives, LED34 (over of excitation I Stage OP) at relay G60 turn on,
LED10 (over of excitation I Stage OP) TZJZ-1 turn on, at the same time sent
signal to LCU board.

1.11. Over excitation protection (Level 2)

-

This takes signal from G1-TV1 (G2-TV1). When voltage reaches U = 1.3pu
(130%Udm) and after t = 1s relay will active.

When relay active, LED35 (over of excitation II Stage OP) at relay G60 turn on,
LED11 (over of excitation II Stage OP) TZJZ-1 turn on, at the same time sent
signal to LCU board.

1.12. Over load protection

-

Using to protect generators from over load and ensure back up for grid related
elements in case of three phase short circuit.

Protection zone from G1-TA4 (G2-TA4) to transmission line.

2 stages:
+ Stage 1: T = 4,5s I = 1.06pu (2650A) actives causes LED36 (G symmetry
overload OP I Sta) at relay G60 turn on, LED16 (G symmetry overload OP I)
TZJZ-1 turn on, at the same time sent signal to LCU board.
+ Stage 2: T = 0.5s I = 1.12pu (2800A) the protection operates to active pole
circuit breaker, die cutting generator. Relay activation causes LED37 (G
symmetry overload OP II Sta) at relay G60 turn on, LED17 (G symmetry
overload OP II Stator) TZJZ-1 at the same time sent signal to LCU board.

1.13. PT disconnection
-

PT disconnects when generators operate LED38 (PT disconnection OP) at relay

G60 turn on.

1.14. CT disconnection G60

-

CT disconnects when generators operate LED39 (CT disconnection OP) at relay

G60 turn on.

1.15. Installation failure G60

-

G60 also provide function that self-checking when installation failure. LED40
(Installation failure) at relay G60 turn on.

2.

The protection for transformer

o Relay T35
Manufacturer: General Electric
Source: 220VDC
Maximum power consuming: 50W
Storage temperature: -400C to 800C
Operational temperature: -200C to 850C in 16 hours.
Humidity: Up to 95%

2.1. Differential Relaying

-

Using to protect transformer from phase to phase short circuit in Transformer

winding. This is main protection for transformer and only active with external
fault

Pick up value I = 0.3 A primary side hay I = 750A secondary side.

Protection zone: From current transformer G1-TA10 (G2-TA10) located at

output of generator to current transformer CT311-TA3 (CT321-TA3) located at
output of transformer.

The protection operates without time delay to active pole circuit breaker 901, die
cutting generator, sending protective signal 1 and protective signal 2 to LCU
board, cutting MC171(173), cutting MC172(174) and 941(942) and trigger fire
system of transformer.

Relay activation causes LED25 (Main T diff OP) at relay T35 turn on, LED18
(Main T diff OP) TZJZ-1 turn on, at the same time sent signal to LCU board.

2.2. Transformer over loading protection

-

Using to protect transformer from over loading and ensure back up for grid
related elements in case of three phase short circuit.

Protection zone from T1-TA2 (T2-TA2) to transmission line.

Pick up value I = 3.2pu with time delay t = 1.5 second.

Relay activation causes LED26 (over load Op) at relay T35 turn on, LED19
(over load Op) TZJZ-1 turn on, at the same time sent signal to LCU board.

2.3. Zero sequence time over current protection stage 1 (2 time stage)
-

This takes signal from CT311-TA3 (CT321-TA3).

o Time stage 1: When current reaches I = 0.4pu and after t = 3.5s relay will
active
Relay actives to break circuit breaker MC171 (173), MC172 (174)
Relay activation causes LED27 (Neutral over current I Stage T1 OP) at
relay T35 turn on, LED20 (Neutral over current I Stage T1 OP) TZJZ-1
turn on, at the same time sent signal to LCU board.
o Time stage 2: When current reaches I = 0.4pu and after t = 4s relay will

active
The protection operates without time delay to active pole circuit breaker
901, die cutting generator, sending protective signal 1 and protective
signal 2 to LCU board, cutting MC171(173), cutting MC172(174) and
941.
Relay activation causes LED28 (Neu over current I Stage T2 OP) at relay
T35 turn on, LED21 (Neu over current I Stage T2 OP) TZJZ-1 turn on, at
the same time sent signal to LCU board.
2.4. Zero sequence time over current protection stage 1 (2 time stage)
-

This takes signal from CT311-TA2 (CT321-TA2).

o Time stage 1: When current reaches I = 3.2 pu and after t = 1.5s relay will
active
Relay actives to break circuit breaker MC171 (173), MC172 (174)
Relay activation causes LED29 (Neutral over current II Stage T1OP) at
relay T35 turn on, LED22 (Neutral over current I Stage T1 OP) TZJZ-1
turn on, at the same time sent signal to LCU board.
o Time stage 2: When current reaches I = 1.5 pu and after t = 2.5s relay will
active
The protection operates without time delay to active pole circuit breaker
901, die cutting generator, sending protective signal 1 and protective
signal 2 to LCU board, cutting MC171(173), cutting MC172(174) and
941(942).
Relay activation causes LED30 (Neu over current II Stage T2 OP) at
relay T35 at relay turn on, LED23 (Neutral over current II Stage T2 OP)
TZJZ-1 1 turn on, at the same time sent signal to LCU board.

2.5. Low winding Zero sequence voltage

-

This takes signal from G1-TV3 (G2-TV3). When voltage reaches U = 0.1pu and
after t = 20ms relay will active.

Relay activation causes LED31 (Zero sequence voltage OP) at relay T35 turn
on, LED24 (Zero sequence voltage OP) TZJZ-1 turn on, at the same time sent

signal to LCU board.

2.6. Cooling transformer protection
-

For this function, G60 uses as over load protection.

When current value reach I = 1.5pu and after t = 2.5s relay will active.

Relay activation triggers cooling fans of transformer.

Relay activation causes LED32 (Current stating OP cooler) at relay T35 turn on,
LED25 (Current stating OP cooler) TZJZ-1 turn on, at the same time sent signal
to LCU board.

2.7. Start breaker failure 171(173)

-

Using as back up for the other protections in case of the others dont active, after
T= 0.1s :

Relay activates to break circuit breaker MC171 (173).

Relay activation causes (Start breaker failure) at relay T35 turn on, LED26 (Start
breaker failure) TZJZ-1 turn on, at the same time sent signal to LCU board.

2.8. Start breaker failure 172(174)

-

Using as back up for the other protections in case of the others dont active ,after
T= 0.1s

Relay activates to break circuit breaker MC171 (173).

Relay activation causes LED34 (Start breaker failure) at relay T35 turn on,
LED27 (Start breaker failure) TZJZ-1 turn on, at the same time sent signal to
LCU board.

2.9. CT disconnection
-

PT disconnects when generators operate LED39 (CT disconnection OP) relay

T35 turn on.

2.10. Installed failure T35

-

T35 also provide function that setf-cheking when installed failure. LED40
(Installed failure) at relay T35 turn on.

III.

Operational process
1.

Start unit diagram

Figure 3: Start Unit Diagram

START UNIT

START UNIT DIAGRAM

Govener auto operation

Excitation equipment is
not fault
Generating unit dont
have any contingency
Gate position switch
full close
Air rubber ring
pressure OK
Brake reset
Pole circuit breaker in
trip position
SO-InittialStep OK

STEP 1

STEP 2

Open Gate valve

The unit is stopping
Thrust guide OK
Air rubber ring water OK
Air cooler OHD OK
Water for cooling turbine

Air rubber realese

Brake reset
Servomotor open

STEP 4

Exact oil by pumb

STEP 5

No load-order
Go -order

Go -order

STEP 7

Close pole circuit breaker

STEP 8

Setting power

STEP 3

NOVOLT

STEP 6

NOLOAD

GEN

Figure 4: Start unit diagram(Block)

2.

Stop unit diagram

Figure 5: Stop Unit Diagram

STOP UNIT

Speed 5%
Gate position switch full close
Pole circuit breaker in tripping position
Air rubber ring pressure OK
Generating unit dont have any contingencies

STOP UNIT DIAGRAM

STEP 1

Reduce P, Q

STEP 2

Guide Van Part Close

Novoltage-order
Stop- Order

NOLOAD

STEP 3

NOVOLT

STEP 4

STEP 5

STEP 7

STEP 8

Brake reset

Fill air rubber

Extract oil mist
Supervise stop unit

STOP

Figure 6: Stop unit diagram(Block)

Gate position switch

Speed of unit is 20%

Speed of unit is 5%
Fill braker
Air pressure braker OK

STEP 6

Stop - order
Stop excitation

IV.

Black Start procedure

1.
-

What is black start:

Black Start is the procedure to recover from a total or partial shutdown of the
transmission system which has caused an extensive loss of supplies. This entails
isolated power stations being started individually and gradually being
reconnected to each other in order to form an interconnected system again.

In general, all power stations need an electrical supply to start up: under normal
operation this supply would come from the transmission or distribution system;
under emergency conditions Black Start stations receive this electrical supply
from small auxiliary generating plant located on-site. Power stations wishing to
become black start stations have to meet a rigorous set of criteria both before
and after the black start facilities have been built. Only stations which are able to
provide power to the overall grid once started are selected to become black start
stations.

o Major Black start up plan in North:

Major plan : Ho Bnh
Backup plan: Sn La.
o Major black start up plan in South:
Major plan: Tr An.
Backup plan: Hm Thun, i Ninh, a Nhim.
o Major Black start up plan in Middle:
Major plan: S san 4.
Backup plan: Bun Kp, Srpok 3, Bun Tuasarh, A Vng

2.
-

Function and requirement of black start plan

To provide a black start, power station has diesel generators, normally called the
Black Start Diesel Generator (BSDG). Diesel generator serves as standby
generators that automatically start and provide power to the essential plan
equipment during temporary power outages.
Ensure stability operation for the importance load

 Diesel generator always in ready condition.

Time for starting Diezel generator is minimum
-

About generating units: Be ready to start, stable operation. During black start,
governer and excitation mode switch to hand mode.

3.
-

Black start sequence

Officer of watcher orders shift crew preparing the test conditions for the Unit 1
restart.

Head of shift crew assigned as appropriate to check the speed, exciting, cool,
drive oil, gas inserts

Head of the shift command center for no load and no excitation from unit 1.
Spindle center to check the conditions ready to conduct launch and closely
monitor the status of the unit and report cases promptly heads...

When start is completed, generator is in no load, no excitation condition.

Officer of watcher command manually closed, the electric watcher implemented.

When unit have the voltage, excitation transformer is checked.

Electricity officer of watcher must be always in the excitation board.

Chief orders that shift governer to manual mode, machine officer of watcher
implements and vigil at elevation 28.

Chapter 3. Experience gained during the internship

-

The traditional way to learn about social sciences in a university setting includes
taking courses that teach theoretical frameworks and scientific methodologies
that are required for ones major area of study. The courses that are taught to
students are determined by what major they sign up for. After a student has taken
all required courses, what skills does the student have to take with him after
graduation?

Whether participation is pursued solely for academic credit, for career

development, or for civic engagement, an experiential experience typically
enhances a students connection between academic content and real world
applications. Bridging the gap between real world situations and the classroom
demonstrates the need for the application of knowledge.

Walking into the plant on that first day was a real shock because, even though I
knew the basic theory on how a hydropower station runs, I hadnt the slightest
idea of how it could have been in reality. I must admit that I was lucky to be part
of a fantastic team of professionals who were also regular people. They made
efforts to teach me everything about their profession from that very first day. In
my opinion, the additional skills and knowledge that I gained during the
internship can be directly applied to my studies, this in turn will help me
progress to the next stage of my career path more effectively.

Reference
[1] Document of Cua Dat Hydropower plan