Chapter 10 Chemical Energetics

(The failure is the result of disobedience of first parents then teachers and finally of the Almighty Allah)

 Definitions 1. Thermodynamics: -The study of conversion and conservation of heat and other forms of energy is called thermodynamics. 2. Thermochemistry: - it deals with the measurement or calculation of heat absorbed or abandoned in chemical reactions. 3. Thermo chemical reactions: - the chemical reactions which are accompanied by energy changes along with the material changes are generally known as thermochemical reactions. 4. Exothermic reactions: -the chemical reactions which are accompanied by the liberations or emission of energy are called exothermic reactions. 5. Endothermic reactions: -the chemical reactions which are accompanied by the absorption of energy are called endothermic reactions. 6. system: -the collection of matter having certain boundaries is called system 7. Surroundings:- the environment of a system or the thing that affect on a system are included in surroundings.

. !eat o" "ormation: - the change of enthalpy when one gram mole of a substance is formed from its elements #. Standard heat o" "ormation: -the change of enthalpy when one gram mole of a substance is formed from its elements at 25oC and 1 atm is called standard heat of formation. 1$. Enthal%y: -the total heat content of a system is called enthalpy.. 11. !eat o" neutrali&ation: - The amount of heat released during the neutralization process when one mole of water is produced by the reaction of acid and base.

 Multiple Choice Questions 1. Thermochemical reactions involve a! material changes b! energy changes c! both a " b d! heat changes 2. #$% means a! out of or to evolve c! outside b! into or to absorb d! heat

&. '( negative represents which reaction a! thermochemical b! exothermic c! endothermic d! chemical ). *ormation of water from hydrogen and oxygen produces energy a! +2,- ../0mole b! 12,- ../0mole c! +&2& ../0mole d! 1&2& ../0mole 5. '( positive represents neutralization a! true b! false -. 3cid 4ase reaction is called neutralization reaction a! true b! false

5uestions 6 7 12
8elect from the terms below
3! endothermic reaction 4!exothermic reaction 6. photosynthesis

,. respiration 2. decomposition reaction 19. bond formation 11. combustion 12. melting of ice The 4ook :C5s 1&. in an exothermic reaction a! heat energy is lost b! heat energy is gained c! both a " b d! ;.%.T 1). <n an exothermic reaction a! container becomes hot b! container becomes cold c! the temperature of container remains same d! ;.%.T 15. =uring an endothermic reaction a! container becomes cold b! container becomes hot c! the temperature of container remains same d! ;.%.T 'ns(er )ey 1 ) 6 19 C A A B 2 5 , 11 A B B B & 2 12 B A A A

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