Crane EN

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Aachen, October19th, 2003
Prof. Dr.-Ing. G. Sedlacek

Dipl.-Ing. R. Schneider
Dipl.-Ing. N. Schfer
Design example for Eurocode 3 Part 6: Cranes supporting structures
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1.1 GENERAL ............................................................................................................................................ 6
1.2 GEOMETRIC PROPERTIES ..................................................................................................................... 6
1.3 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES .................................................................................................................. 6
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2.1 GENERAL ............................................................................................................................................ 6
2.2 DYNAMIC MAGNIFICATION FACTOR 1 ................................................................................................ 6
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3.1 GENERAL ............................................................................................................................................ 8
3.2 UNLOADED CRANE .............................................................................................................................. 9
3.3 LOADED CRANE .................................................................................................................................. 9
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4.1 GENERAL .......................................................................................................................................... 11
4.2 CAUSED BY ACCELERATION AND DECELERATION OF THE CRANE ...................................................... 11
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4.3 CAUSED BY SKEWING OF THE CRANE ................................................................................................ 12
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4.4 CAUSED BY ACCELERATION OR BRAKING OF THE CRAB .................................................................... 15
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1.1 SYSTEM............................................................................................................................................. 18
1.2 CROSS-SECTION PROPERTIES ............................................................................................................. 18
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2.1 GENERAL .......................................................................................................................................... 18
2.2 INTERNAL FORCES AND MOMENTS AT POINT 2.875 ........................................................................... 19
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2.3 INTERNAL FORCES AND MOMENTS AT SUPPORT................................................................................. 22
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3.1 POINT 2.875 ...................................................................................................................................... 24
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5.1 GENERAL .......................................................................................................................................... 29
5.2 DETAIL CATEGORIES ......................................................................................................................... 30
5.3 POINT 2.785 ...................................................................................................................................... 31
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This report demonstrates the application of Eurocode 1 - Part 3: Actions induced by
cranes and machinery and the application of Eurocode 3 - Part 6: Crane supporting
structures for a top mounted crane.
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The geometric properties which are assumed in the design example are summarized in
section 1.2 and the mechanical details of the crane are defined in section 1.3. Further
assumptions for the crane are given where they are necessary.
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The following geometric properties are assumed in the design example for the crane:
Span length of the crane bridge:
15,00 m
Wheel spacing a:
2,50 m
Min. spacing between crab and supports emin: 0,00 m
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The following mechanical properties are defined for the crane:

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Self-weight of the crane Qc1 : 60,0 kN
Self-weight of the crab Qc2 :
10,0 kN
Hoistload Qh,nom :
100,0 kN
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The dynamic effects of a crane structure are taken into account by magnification factors
which are defined in Eurocode 1 - Part 3.
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The magnification factor 1 takes into account vibrational excitation of the crane
structure due to lifting the hoist load off the ground and is to be applied to the selfweight of the crane.
1 = 1,1 (upper value of the vibrational pulses)
(EC 1- P 3: Table 2.4)
-7-
The magnification factor 2 is only to be applied to the hoistload and takes into account
the dynamical effects when the hoistload is transferred from the ground to the crane.
The magnification factor depends on the hoisting class of the crane. It is assumed that
the crane is classified as HC 3. Recommendations about the classification of cranes are
given in Annex B of Eurocode 1 - Part 3.
Assumption:
Hoisting class of the crane: HC 3
vh = 6 m/min
6
2 = 2,min + 2 v h = 1,15 + 0,51
= 1,20
60
(EC 1- P 3: Table 2.4)
The parameters 2,min and 2 were obtained from table 2.5 of EC 1- Part 3.
The magnification factor 3 considers the dynamical effects when a payload is sudden
released. These dynamic effects occur at cranes which use magnets as hoist tools. In the
design example it is assumed that no part of the payload is able to sudden release.
Assumption:
No sudden release or dropped part of the load.
3 = 1,00
(EC 1- P 3: Table 2.4)
This magnification factor is to be applied to the self-weight of the crane and to the
payload, if the rail track observes not the tolerances specified in ENV 1993 - 6.
Assumption:
The tolerances for rail tracks are observed as specified in ENV 1993 - 6.
4 = 1,00
(EC 1- P 3: Table 2.4)
The magnification factor 5 takes into account the dynamic effects caused by drive
forces and depends on the characteristic of the drive forces.
Assumption:
The drive force change smoothly.
5 = 1,50
(EC 1- P 3: Table 2.6)
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In this section the minimum and the maximum vertical wheel loads of the crane are calculated according to table 3.1 which was obtained from Eurocode 1 - Part 3 (Table 2.2).
Table 3.1 defines the groups of loads which are to be considered as one characteristic
crane load, when additional actions apply at the structure (for example: self-weight,
wind action, snow). With the definition of the groups of loads the relevant combinations
of the magnification factors are given.
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Groups of loads
Symbol
Section
ULS
SLS
Accidental
10
2.6
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q1
Qh
2.6
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
HL, HT
2.7
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q5
4 Skewing of crane bridge
HS
2.7
5 Acceleration or braking of
crab or hoist block
HT3
2.7
6 In service wind
FW*
Annex A
7 Test load
QT
2.10
Q6
8 Buffer force
HB
2.11
Q7
9 Tilting force
HTA
2.11
1 Self-weight of crane
2 Hoist load
3 Acceleration of crane
bridge
Qc
is the part of the hoist load that remains when the payload is removed, but is not included in the selfweight of the crane.
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The minimum vertical wheel load apply at a crane runway girder when the crane is
unloaded.
Qr,min
Qr,min
Qr,min
Qr; (min)
Qr,(min)
Qr,(min)
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a
a) Load group 1,2
= 1,1:
Q C1,k = 1,1 60,0 = 66,0 kN

Q C 2,k = 1,1 10,0 = 11,0 kN
Q
Q
r ,(min)
r , min
1
66,0 + 11,0 = 44,0 kN Q r ,(min) = 22,0 kN
2
1
66,0 = 33,0 kN
2
Q r , min = 16,5 kN
b) Load group 3,4,5,6
= 1,0:
Q c1,k = 1,0 60,0 = 60,0 kN

Q c 2,k = 1,0 10,0 = 10,0 kN
Q
Q
r ,(min)
r , min
1
60,0 + 10,0 = 40,0 kN Q r ,(min) = 20,0 kN
2
1
60,0 = 30,0 kN
2
Q r ,min = 15,0 kN
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The maximum vertical wheel loads apply at a crane runway girder when the crane is
loaded.
Qr,max
Qr,max
Qr,max
Crab
Qr ,(max)
Qr, (max)
Qr, (max)
Qh,nom = nominal hoist load

emin
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a) Load group 1
= 1,1:
Q c1,k = 1,1 60,0 = 66,0 kN
- 10 -
Q c 2,k = 1,1 10,0 = 11,0 kN
= 1,2:
Q
Q
Q h ,k = 1,2 100,0 = 120,0 kN
r ,(max)
r , max
1
66,0 = 33,0 kN
2
Q r ,(max) = 16,5 kN
1
66,0 + 11,0 + 120,0 = 164,0 kN Q r ,max = 82,0 kN
2
b) Load group 2
= 1,1:
Q c1,k = 1,1 60,0 = 66,0 kN

Q c 2,k = 1,1 10,0 = 11,0 kN
= 1,0:
Q
Q
Q h ,k = 1,0 100,0 = 100,0 kN
r ,(max)
r , max
1
66,0 = 33,0 kN
2
Q r ,(max)
= 16,5 kN
1
66,0 + 11,0 + 100,0 = 144,0 kN Q r ,max = 72,0 kN
2
c) Load group 4,5,6
= 1,0:
Q c1,k = 1,0 60,0 = 60,0 kN

Q c 2,k = 1,0 10,0 = 10,0 kN
= 1,0:
Q
Q
Q h ,k = 1,0 100,0 = 100,0 kN
r ,(max)
r , max
1
60,0 = 30,0 kN
2
Q r ,(max) = 15,0 kN
1
60,0 + 10,0 + 100,0 = 140,0 kN Q r ,max = 70,0 kN
2
- 11 -
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In this section the following horizontal loads are calculated:
-horizontal loads caused by acceleration and deceleration of the crane bridge, see 4.2;
-horizontal loads caused by skewing of the crane bridge, see 4.3;
-horizontal loads caused by acceleration or braking of the crab, see 4.4;
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Rail i = 1
Rail i = 2

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K
K2
Friction factor:
Number of single wheel drivers:
*
r , min
= 0,2
(EC 1- P 3: 2.7.3(4))
mw = 2
= m w Q r ,min = 2 15,0 = 30,0 kN
(EC 1- P 3: 2.7.3(3))
K = Q *r ,min = 0,2 30,0 = 6,0 kN
(EC 1- P 3: 2.7.3(3))
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Rail i = 1
Rail i = 2
H L ,2
H L ,1
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Number of runway beams:

H L,1 = H L,2 = 5
K
nr
= 1,5
nR = 2
6,0
= 4,5 kN
2
(EC 1- P 3: 2.7.2(2))
- 12 -
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Rail i = 1
Rail i = 2
H T ,2
H T ,1
M
HT ,1
H T ,2
O
K1
K = K 1+
K2
K2

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Qr,max
Q = Q
r
(EC 1- P 3: 2.7.2(3))
Qr
r , max
+ Q r ,(max) = 140,0 + 30,0 = 170,0 kN
(EC 1- P 3: 2.7.2(3))
140,0
= 0,82
170,0
(EC 1- P 3: 2.7.2(3))
= 1 1 = 0,18
(EC 1- P 3: 2.7.2(3))
lS
= (1 0,5) l = (0,83 0,5) 15,0 = 4,95 m
(EC 1- P 3: 2.7.2(3))
= K l S = 6,0 4,95 = 29,7 kNm
(EC 1- P 3: 2.7.2(3))
M
29,7
= 1,5 0,18
= 3,2 kN
a
2,5
M
29,7
= 5 1 = 1,5 0,82
= 14,6 kN
a
2,5
H T ,1 = 5 2
(EC 1- P 3: 2.7.2(3))
H T,2
(EC 1- P 3: 2.7.2(3))
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0,75 x
10
=
= 0,004 rad
a
2500
y
0,1 50
V =
=
= 0,002 rad
a
2500
0 =
= 0,001 rad
------------- = F + V + 0 = 0,007 rad
F =
(EC 1- P 3: Table 2.7)

(EC 1- P 3: Table 2.7)
(EC 1- P 3: Table 2.7)
- 13 -
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f = 0,3 (1 exp ( 250 )) = 0,3 (1 exp ( 250 0,007 )) = 0,248

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(EC 1- P 3: 2.7.4(2))
(a) Distance ei of the wheel pair i from the guidance means

e1 = 0 as flanged wheels are used
e2 = a = 2,50 m
(b) Combination of wheel pairs: IFF
m=0
(c) Distance h:
h=
m1 2 l 2 + e 2j
0 + 2,50 2
= 2,50 m
2,50
(EC 1- P 3: Table 2.8)
n=2
S = 1
nh
= 1
2,50
= 0,5
2 2,50
S,1,L = S, 2,L = 0
(EC 1- P 3: Table 2.9)

(EC 1- P 3: Table 2.9)
for wheel pair 1:

2
n
e1
1 =
h
e
= 1 1 1 =
n
h
0,18
(1 0) = 0,09
2
(EC 1- P 3: Table 2.9)
0,82
(1 0) = 0,41
2
(EC 1- P 3: Table 2.9)
S,1, 2,T =
0,18 2,50
1
=0
2 2,50
(EC 1- P 3: Table 2.9)
S, 2 , 2 , T
0,82 2,50
1
=0
2 2,50
(EC 1- P 3: Table 2.9)
S,1,1,T =
S, 2,1,T
for wheel pair 2:

2 e2
1 =
n
h
e
= 1 1 2 =
n
h
- 14 -
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Rail i = 1
Rail i = 2
H L ,2
H L ,1

/L
H S,1,L = f S,1,L Q r = 0
(EC 1- P 3: 2.7.4(1))
H S, 2,L = f S, 2,L Q r = 0
(EC 1- P 3: 2.7.4(1))
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Rail i = 1
Directon of motion
Rail i = 2
Wheel pair j = 1
HS ,2,1,T
67
Wheel pair j = 2
/L
Guide force S:
S = f S Q r = 0,248 0,5 170,0 = 21,1 kN
(EC 1- P 3: 2.7.4(1))
for wheel pair 1:
H S,1,1,T = f S,1,1,T Q r = 0,248 0,09 170,0 = 3,8 kN
H S, 2,1,T = f S, 2,1,T Q r = 0,248 0,41 170,0 = 17,3 kN
(EC 1- P 3: 2.7.4(1))
(EC 1- P 3: 2.7.4(1))
H S,1,T = S H S,1,1,T = 17,3 kN

H S, 2,T = H S, 2,1,T
= 17,3 kN
for wheel pair 2:
H S,1, 2,T = f S,1, 2,T Q r = 0,248 0 170,0 = 0 kN
H S, 2, 2,T = f S, 2, 2,T Q r = 0,248 0 170,0 = 0 kN
(EC 1- P 3: 2.7.4(1))
(EC 1- P 3: 2.7.4(1))
- 15 -
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H T ,3 = 0,1 (10,0 + 100,0 ) = 11,0 kN
(EC 1- P 3: 2.7.5)
(EC 1- P 3: 2.11.2)
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e=
1
1
b r = 55 = 13,75 mm
4
4
(EC 1- P 3: 2.5.3(2))
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Q e ,i = fat i Q max,i
1 + 1 1 + 1,1
=
= 1,05
2
2
1 + 2 1 + 1,2
=
=
= 1,10
2
2
(EC 1- P 3: 2.12.1(4))
fat ,1 =
(EC 1- P 3: 2.12.1(7))
fat , 2
(EC 1- P 3: 2.12.1(7))
Assumption: crane is classified in class S6:
i = 0,794
i = 0,871
for normal stresses

for shear stresses
(EC 1- P 3: Table 2.12)

(EC 1- P 3: Table 2.12)
For normal stresses:

Q e ,i = fat i Q max,i = 1,1 0,794 70,0 = 61,1 kN
(EC 1- P 3: 2.12.1(4))
For shear stresses:

Q e ,i = fat i Q max,i = 1,1 0,871 70,0 = 67,1 kN
(EC 1- P 3: 2.12.1(4))
- 16 -
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For the XOWLPDWHOLPLWVWDWH the results are summarised in the following table according
to the groups of loads.
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Groups of loads
Magnification factor which are
considered for the group of load
Vertical
loads
Q = 1,10
Q = 1,10
Q = 1,00
Q = 1,00
Q = 1,00
Q = 1,00
Q = 1,20
Q = 1,00
Q = 1,50
Q = 1,50
Q = 1,50
Q = 1,50
Self-weight of the
crane
Qr,(min)
22,0 kN
22,0 kN
20,0 kN
20,0 kN
20,0 kN
20,0 kN
Qr,min
16,5 kN
16,5 kN
15,0 kN
15,0 kN
15,0 kN
15,0 kN
Self-weight of the
crane and hoistload
Qr,(max)
16,5 kN
16,5 kN
15,0 kN
15,0 kN
15,0 kN
Qr,max
82,0 kN
72,0 kN
70,0 kN
70,0 kN
70,0 kN
HL,1
4,5 kN
4,5 kN
4,5 kN
4,5 kN
HL,2
4,5 kN
4,5 kN
4,5 kN
4,5 kN
HT,1
3,2 kN
3,2 kN
3,2 kN
3,2 kN
HT,2
14,6 kN
14,6 kN
14,6 kN
14,6 kN
HS1,L
HS2,L
HS1,T
17,3 kN
HS2,T
17,3 kN
HT,3
11,0 kN
Horizontal Acceleration of the

loads
crane
Skewing of the
crane
Acceleration of the
crab
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- 17 -
- 18 -
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Single-span girder with fork-support, length: l = 7,00 m
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In the design example it is assumed that the rail is rigid fixed with clamps on the crane
runway girder.
The benefit effects of the rigid fixed rail on the design resistance are not taken into
account in the design example (see 5.3.3 (2) of EC 3 - Part 6)
Cross-section properties of the crane runway girder (without rail) HE-B 500:
A [cm2]
239,0
Iy [cm4]
107200
Area of the flange:

Area of the web:
Iz [cm4]
12620
Wel,y [cm3]
4290
Wel,z [cm3]
842
AF = 300$28,0 = 84,0 cm2

AW = 444$14,5 = 64,4 cm2
Cross-section properties of the rail A55:

A [cm2]
40,5
Iy [cm4]
178
Iz [cm4]
337
Material S235
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The cross-section is classified into class 1.
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For the verification of the crane runway girder the internal forces and moments are
calculated with influence lines for the following points:
Point 2.875: Maximum bending moment of the crane runway girder (in field)
Support:
Maximum shear forces of the crane runway girder (at support)
The design example is carried out for load group 1, see table 7.1.
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Load position for the maximum bending moment:
Qr,max
2,50
Qr,max
7,00
A=
11,5 2 x
7,0
11,5 x 2 x 2
M( x ) = A x =
7,0
11,5 4 x
M ( x ) =
= 0 for max M x = 2,875
7,0
gk = 1,873 + 0,318 = 2,2 kN
2,2 7,0
A (g k ) =
= 7,7 kN
2
2,875 2 2,2
M y, k = 7,7 2,875
= 13,0 kNm
2
Vz , k = 7,7 2,875 2,2 = 1,4 kN
a) Bending moment
Qr,max
2,50
Qr,max
0,095
0,242
max M y, k = Q r , max (1 + 2 ) l = 82,0 (0,242 + 0,095) 7,0 = 193,7 kNm

min M y ,k = 0 kNm
- 19 -
- 20 -
b) Shear force
Qr,max
2,50
Qr,max
0,411
0,232
0,589
max Vz ,k = Q r ,max (1 + 2 ) = 82,0 (0,589 + 0,232) = 67,3 kN

Qr,max
2,50
Qr,max
0,411
0,054
min Vz ,k = Q r ,max (1 + 2 ) = 82,0 (0,054 0,411) = 38,1 kN
a) Bending moment
HT,2
2,50
HT,2
0,095
0,242
min M z , k = (H T , 2 1 + H T , 2 2 ) l = (14,6 0,242 + 14,6 0,095) 7,0 = 15,0 kNm

HT,2
2,50
HT,2
0,032
0,242
max M z , k = (H T , 2 1 + H T , 2 2 ) l = (14,6 0,0316 + 14,6 0,242) 7,0 = 21,5 kNm
- 21 -
b) Shear force
HT,2
2,50
HT,2
0,411
0,232
0,589
max Vy ,k = H T , 2 1 + H T , 2 2 = (14,6) (0,411) + 14,6 0,232 = 9,4 kN

HT,2
2,50
HT,2
0,411
0,054
min Vy,k = H T , 2 1 + H T , 2 2 = (14,6) (0,054) + 14,6 (0,411) = 5,2 kN
N k = 4,5 kN
Rail A 55:
br =55 mm
h1 =65 mm
Wheel loads: Qr,max = 82,0 kN

e y = 0,25 b r = 13,75 mm
(EC 1-P 3: 2.5.3 (2))
Horizontal loads due to acceleration and deceleration: H T = 14,6 kN

e z = 0,5 h + h 1 = 0,5 500 + 65 = 315 mm
M t1 = 82,0 0,01375 + 14,6 0,315 = 5,7 kNm
M t 2 = 82,0 0,01375 14,6 0,315 = 3,5 kNm
2,50
Mt1
Mt2
0,411
0,054
0,589
max M t ,k = 5,7 0,589 3,5 (0,054) = 3,5 kNm
,QWHUQDOIRUFHVDQGPRPHQWVDWVXSSRUW
There are no bending moments at the support (Single-span girder)
Vz , k = 7,7 kN
max Vz , k = Q r ,max (1 + 2 ) = 82,0 (0,0 + 0,0) = 0 kN
Qr,max
2,50
0,643
Qr,max
1,0
min Vz ,k = Q r ,max (1 + 2 ) = 82,0 (1,0 0,6428) = 134,7 kN
HT,2
2,50
HT,2
1,0
max Vy ,k = H T , 2 1 + H T , 2 2 = (14,6) (1,0) + 14,6 0,0 = 14,6 kN

HT,2
HT,2
2,50
0,357
min Vy ,k = H T , 2 1 + H T , 2 2 = (14,6) 0,0 + 14,6 (0,357) = 5,2 kN
N k = 4,5 kN
- 22 -
- 23 -
Rail A 55:
br =55 mm
h1 =65 mm
Wheel loads: Qr,max = 82,0 kN

e y = 0,25 b r = 13,75 mm
(EC 1- P 3: 2.5.3 (2))
Horizontal loads due to acceleration and deceleration: H T = 14,6 kN

e z = 0,5 h + h 1 = 0,5 500 + 65 = 315 mm
M t1 = 82,0 0,01375 + 14,6 0,315 = 5,7 kNm
M t 2 = 82,0 0,01375 14,6 0,315 = 3,5 kNm
2,50
Mt2
Mt1
1,0
+
0,643
max M t ,k = 5,7 1,0 3,5 0,643 = 3,4 kNm
- 24 -
&URVVVHFWLRQUHVLVWDQFHRIWKHFUDQHUXQZD\JLUGHU
3RLQW
d/tw = 390/14,5 = 26,9 < 60 Verification for shear buckling is not necessary
(EC 3- P 1: 5.1)
max Vz ,Sd = G G k + Q Q k = 1,35 1,4 + 1,35 67,3 = 92,75 kN
A V = 390 14,5 = 56,55 cm 2
Vz , Rd = A V
fy / 3
= 56,55
235 / 3
= 697,5 kN > 92,75 kN
1,1
(EC 3- P 1: 6.2.6)
It is assumed that the horizontal loads are resisted by the top flange of the girder.
max Vy ,Sd = Q Q k = 1,35 9,4 = 12,7 kN
A V = A TV = 300 28 = 84,0 cm 2
Vy ,Rd = A V
fy / 3
= 84,0
235 / 3
= 1036,1 kN > 12,7 kN
1,1
(EC 3- P 1: 6.2.6)
6KHDUUHVLVWDQFHGXHWRWRUVLRQ
max M t ,Sd = 1,35 3,5 = 4,7 kN
V ,Ed =
M t ,Sd t
It
kN f y / 3
kN
4,7 2,8 100
= 2,45 2 <
= 12,3 2
538
M
cm
cm
(EC 3- P 1: 6.2.6)
Vpl,Rd =
Av fy / 3
M
Vpl,T ,Rd = 1
) = 697,5 kN
t ,Ed
1,25 f y / 3 / M 0
(EC 3- P 1: 6.2.6 (2))

Vpl,Rd = 1
2,45
697,5 = 639,5 kN
1,25 12,3
(EC 3- P 1: 6.2.7)
VEd = 92,75 kN 319,8 kN = 0,5 Vpl,T ,Rd
no interaction between shear and normal stresses necessary
(EC 3- P 1: 6.2.8)
- 25 -
%HQGLQJDQGD[LDOIRUFHV
It is assumed that the horizontal loads are resisted by the top flange.
a) Verification for max My,Sd:

N Sd = 1,35 4,5 = 6,1 kN
max M y ,Sd = 1,35 13,0 + 1,35 193,7 = 279,0 kNm
M z ,Sd = 1,35 15,0 = 20,3 kNm
ATF
Wel,y
Wel,z
=
=
=
84
4290
842
cm2
cm3
cm3
M y ,Sd
M z ,Sd
N Sd
+
+
1,0
A TF f y,d Wel, y f y ,d Wel,z f y ,d
(EC 3- P 1: 6.2.1)
6,1
279,0 100
20,3 100
+
+
= 0,42 1,0
84 23,5 / 1,1 4290 23,5 / 1,1 842 23,5 / 1,1
b) Verification for max Mz,Sd:

N Sd = 1,35 4,5 = 6,1 kN
M y, k = 82,0 (0,0316 + 0,2420) 7,0 = 157,0 kNm
M y,Sd = 1,35 13,0 + 1,35 157,0 = 229,5 kNm
max M z ,Sd = 1,35 21,5 = 29,03 kNm
84
cm2
ATF =
4290
cm3
Wel,y =
Wel,z =
842
cm3
M y ,Sd
M z ,Sd
N Sd
+
+
1,0
A TF f y,d Wel, y f y ,d Wel,z f y ,d
(EC 3- P 1: 6.2.1)
6,1
229,5 100
29,03 100
+
+
= 0,42 1,0
84 23,5 / 1,1 4290 23,5 / 1,1 842 23,5 / 1,1
1RWH
The cross-section properties of the rail are not taken into account though the
rail is rigid fixed.
- 26 -
6XSSRUW
d/tw = 390/14,5 = 26,9 < 60 Verification for shear buckling is not necessary
(EC 3- P 1: 5.1)
max Vz ,Sd = G G k + Q Q k = 1,35 7,7 + 1,35 134,7 = 192,2 kN
A V = 390 14,5 = 56,55 cm 2
Vz , Rd = A V
fy / 3
= 56,55
235 / 3
= 697,5 kN > 192,2 kN
1,1
(EC 3- P 1: 6.2.6)
It is assumed that the horizontal loads are resisted by the top flange of the girder.
max Vy ,Sd = Q Q k = 1,35 14,6 = 19,7 kN
A V = A TV = 300 28 = 84,0 cm 2
Vy ,Rd = A V
fy / 3
= 84,0
235 / 3
= 1036,1 kN > 19,7 kN
1,1
(EC 3- P 1: 6.2.6)
6KHDUUHVLVWDQFHGXHWRWRUVLRQ$QQH[*RI(XURFRGH3DUW
max M t ,Sd = 1,35 3,4 = 4,6 kN
V ,Ed =
M t ,Sd t
It
kN f y / 3
kN
4,6 2,8 100
= 2,39
<
= 12,3 2
2
538
M
cm
cm
(EC 3- P 1: 6.2.6)
Vpl,Rd =
Av fy / 3
M
Vpl,T ,Rd = 1
) = 697,5 kN
t ,Ed
1,25 f y / 3 / M 0
(EC 3- P 1: 6.2.6 (2))

Vpl,Rd = 1
2,39
697,5 = 641,0 kN
1,25 12,3
(EC 3- P 1: 6.2.7)
VEd = 192,2 kN 321,0 = 0,5 Vpl,T ,Rd
no interaction between shear and normal stresses necessary

0
(EC 3- P 1: 6.2.8)
- 27 -
$[LDOIRUFHV
1RWH
It is assumed that the horizontal loads are resisted by the top flange. The rail is
rigid fixed with clamps on the top flange. Therefore the net section properties
of the crane runway girder are considered. The cross-section properties of the
rail are not taken into account though the rail is rigid fixed.
N Sd = 1,35 4,5 = 6,1 kN

A = 2 21 28 = 11,8 cm 2
A TF,net = A TF A = 84,0 11,8 = 72,2 cm 2

N Sd
1,0
A TF,net f y,d
6,1
= 0,004 1,0
72,2 23,5 / 1,1
(EC 3- P 1: 6.2.4)
- 28 -
5HVLVWDQFHRIWKHZHEWRWUDQVYHUVHIRUFHV
The resistance of the web to transverse forces is determined according to section 4.4 of
the draft of Eurocode 3 - Part 1.5: Supplementary rules for planar plated structures
without transverse loading.
s s = 2 h + 50 = 2 (0,75 65) + 50 = 14,75 cm
h w = 500 2 28 = 444 mm
k f = 6,0 + 2,0 (h w / a ) 2 = 6,0 + 2 (44,4 / 700) 2 = 6,0
(EC 3- P 5: 6.1 (4))
3
0,9 k f E t 3w 0,9 6,0 21000 1,45
Fcr =
=
= 7786,4 kN
hw
44,4
(EC 3- P 5: 6.4 (1))
m1 =
f yf b f
f yw t w
235 300
= 20,7
235 14,5
2
(EC 3- P 5: 6.5 (1))
h
444
m 2 = 0,02 w = 0,02
= 5,0
t
28
f
2
(EC 3- P 5: 6.5 (1))
l y = s s + 2 t f 1 + m 1 + m 2 = 14,75 + 2 1,45 1 + 20,7 + 5,0 = 32,4 cm
(EC 3- P 5: 6.5 (2))

F =
l y t w f yw
Fcr
32,4 1,45 23,5

= 0,38 < 0,5 F = 1
7786,4
(EC 3- P 5: 6.4 (1))
l eff = F l y = 1,0 32,4 = 32,4 cm
(EC 3- P 5: 6.2)
FRd = l eff t w f yw = 32,4 1,45 23,5 = 1104,0 kN
(EC 3- P 5: 6.2)
FSd = Q Q r ,max = 1,35 82,0 = 110,7 kN
FSd < FRd
- 29 -
)DWLJXH
*HQHUDO
According to 9.1.4 of Eurocode 3 - Part 6 no fatigue assessment is necessary, if the
number of load cycles with more than 50 % of the full payload is smaller than 10000
cycles.
In the design example this condition is not fulfilled, so that a fatigue check is necessary.
The fatigue assessment is carried out for the crane runway girder on the basis of
nominal stress ranges.
c
Mf
E 2 = fat P
Ff = 1,0
Mf = 1,15
Ff E 2
(EC 3- P 9: 8 (2))
(EC 3- P 6: 9.4.1 (4))
(EC 3- P 6: 9.3 (1))
(EC 3- P 9: Table 3.1)
Provided that the crane is classified into loading class S6 the following values are
obtained from Eurocode 1 Part 3:
= 0,794 for normal stresses
= 0,871 for shear stresses
fat = 1,1
(EC 1- P 3: Table 2.12)

(EC 1- P 3: Table 2.12)
(EC 1- P 3: 2.12.1 (7))
In the design example the stresses E 2 are direct calculated with the following fatigue
loads:
for normal stresses:
Q e ,i = fat Q max,i = 0,794 1,1 70,0 = 61,1 kN
(EC 1- P 3: 2.12.1 (4))
for shear stresses:

Q e ,i = fat Q max,i = 0,871 1,1 70,0 = 67,1 kN
(EC 1- P 3: 2.12.1 (4))
- 30 -
'HWDLOFDWHJRULHV
The runway beam is checked for the following detail categories which were obtained
from Eurocode 3 - Part 9 (Tab. 8.1, 8.2, 8.10).
Detail category
Constructional detail
Amendments
125
Verification of normal
stresses in the runway
beam.
80
Verification of normal
stresses in the runway
beam.
80
Verification of shear
stresses in the web.
160
Verification of vertical
stresses in the web due
to wheel loads.
(Eurocode 3 - Part 6)
3RLQW
9HULILFDWLRQRIWKHFURVVVHFWLRQ
a) Selfweight
M y = 13,0 kNm
b) Wheel loads
max M y = Q e ,i (1 + 2 ) l = 61,1 (0,242 + 0,0952) 7,0 = 144,2 kNm
min M y = 0,0 kNm
Normal stresses at the top flange

Detail category 80 (due to the net section properties by clamps)
144,2 + 13,0
kN
= 3,7
4290,0
cm 2
0,0 + 13,0
kN
min x =
= 0,3 2
4290,0
cm
kN
E 2 = 3,7 0,3 = 3,4
cm 2
kN
8,0
c =
= 7,0 2
1,15
cm
max x =
E 2 < c
Normal stresses at the lower flange
Detail category 125
144,2 + 13,0
kN
= 3,7
4290,0
cm 2
0,0 + 13,0
kN
min x =
= 0,3 2
4290,0
cm
kN
E 2 = 3,7 0,3 = 3,4
cm 2
12,5
kN
c =
= 10,9
1,15
cm 2
max x =
E 2 < c
- 31 -
- 32 -
6KHDUVWUHVVHV
a) Selfweight
Vz = 1,4 kN
kN
xz 0
cm 2
b) Wheel loads
max Vz = Q e ,i (1 + 2 ) = 67,1 (0,589 + 0,232) = 55,1 kN
min Vz = Q e ,i (1 + 2 ) = 67,1 (0,054 0,411) = 31,2 kN
55,1
kN
= 0,9 2
44,4 1,45
cm
31,2
kN
=
= 0,5 2
44,4 1,45
cm
max xz =
min xz
c) Local shear stresses in the web due to wheel loads
d r = 0,75 h r + t f + r = 0,75 65 + 28 + 27 = 104 mm

b eff = b fr + d r = 150 + 104 = 254 mm < b = 300 mm
3
t 3f b eff 2,8 25,4
I f ,eff =
=
= 46,5 cm 4
12
12
I r = 136 cm 4 (25 % wear, see Petersen Stahlbau, page 1360)
I rf = I r + I f ,eff = 136 + 46,5 = 182,5 cm

1
Fz
67,1
kN
=
= 2,8
l eff t w 16,3 1,45
cm 2
kN
|| = 0,2 = 0,2 2,8 = 0,6
cm 2
kN
max || = 0,9 + 0,6 = 1,5
cm 2
kN
min || = 0,5 0,6 = 1,1
cm 2
kN
E 2 = 1,5 + 1,1 = 2,6
cm 2
8,0
kN
c =
= 6,4
1,25
cm 2
E 2 < c
(EC 3- P 6: 7.5.2 (2))

(EC 3- P 6: 6.2.1 (13))
(EC 3- P 6: 7.5.2 (2))
l eff = 3,25 [I rf / t w ] 3 = 3,25 [182,5 / 1,45] 3 = 16,3 cm
(EC 3- P 6: 7.5.2 (1))

(EC 3- P 6: 7.5.2 (2))
(EC 3- P 6: 7.5.2 (2))

(EC 3- P 6: 7.5.2 (1))
- 33 -
'LUHFWVWUHVVHV
a) Local stresses in the web due to wheel loads
l eff = 16,3 cm
(EC 3- P 6: 7.5.2 (2))
Fz
61,1
kN
=
= 2,6
l eff t w 16,3 1,45
cm 2
(EC 3- P 6: 7.5.2 (1))
b) Local stresses in the web due to bending

TSd = Fz ,d e y = 61,1 0,01375 = 0,84 kNm
(EC 3- P 6: 9.4.2.2 (1))
a = 700,0 cm
d w = 50,0 2 2,8 = 44,4 cm
t w = 1,45 cm
1
I t 30,0 2,8 3 = 220 cm 4
3
0,75 a t 3w
sinh 2 ( d w / a )
=
sinh(2 d w / a ) 2 d w / a
It
0,5
0,75 700 1,45 3
sinh 2 ( 44,4 / 700)

=
220
sinh(2 44,4 / 700) 2 44,4 / 700
6 TSd
tanh ()
a t 2w
kN
6 0,84 100
5,247 tanh (5,247) = 1,8
=
2
700 1,45
cm 2
T ,Ed =
kN
cm 2
kN
= 1,8 1,8 = 0
cm 2
max T ,Sd = 1,8 + 1,8 = 3,6

min T ,Sd
max E = 3,6
c =
kN
cm 2
16,0
kN
= 12,8
1,25
cm 2
E < c
(EC 3- P 6: 9.4.2.2 (1))

0, 5
= 5,247
(EC 3- P 6: 9.4.2.2 (1))
- 34 -
3

E2
E2
Ff
+ Ff
1,0
c c

Mf
Mf
1,0 3,6 1,0 2,6
+
= 0,033 1,0
16,0 8,0
1,25 1,25
(EC 3- P 9: 8 (3))
- 35 -
6XSSRUW
6KHDUVWUHVVHV
a) Selfweight
Vz = 7,7 kN
7,7
kN
xz =
= 0,1 2
44,4 1,45
cm
b) Wheel loads
max Vz = Q e ,i (1 + 2 ) = 67,1 0,0 = 0,0 kN
min Vz = Q e ,i (1 + 2 ) = 67,1 (1,0 0,6428) = 110,2 kN
0,0
kN
= 0,0
44,4 1,45
cm 2
kN
110,2
= 1,7
=
44,4 1,45
cm 2
max xz =
min xz
c) Local shear stresses in the web due to wheel loads

1
3
1
3
l eff = 3,25 [I rf / t w ] = 3,25 [182,5 / 1,45] = 16,3 cm
Fz
67,1
kN
=
= 2,8
l eff t w 16,3 1,45
cm 2
kN
xz = 0,2 = 0,2 2,8 = 0,6
cm 2
kN
max xz = 0,0 + 0,6 = 0,6
cm 2
kN
min xz = 1,7 0,6 = 2,3
cm 2
kN
E 2 = 0,6 + 2,3 = 2,9
cm 2
8,0
kN
c =
= 6,4
1,25
cm 2
E 2 < c
(EC 3- P 6: 7.5.2 (2))

(EC 3- P 6: 7.5.2 (1))
- 36 -
'LUHFWVWUHVVHV
a) Local stresses in the web due to wheel loads
l eff = 16,3 cm
kN
= 2,6
, see 6.3.2.2 (a)
cm 2
(EC 3- P 6: 7.5.2 (2))

(EC 3- P 6: 7.5.2 (1))
b) Local stresses in the web due to bending

kN
, see 6.3.2.2 (b)
cm 2
kN
= 1,8
cm 2
T ,Ed = 1,8
T ,Ed
(EC 3- P 6: 9.4.2.2 (1))
kN
cm 2
kN
= 1,8 1,8 = 0
cm 2
max T ,Sd = 1,8 + 1,8 = 3,6

min T ,Sd
max E = 3,6
c =
kN
cm 2
kN
16,0
= 12,8
1,25
cm 2
E < c
3

E2
E2
Ff
+ Ff
1,0
c
c

Mf
Mf
1,0 3,6 1,0 2,9
+
= 0,041 1,0
16,0 8,0
1,25 1,25
(EC 3- P 9: 8 (3))

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'HVLJQH[DPSOHIRUWKHDSSOLFDWLRQRI

Aachen, October19th, 2003

Prof. Dr.-Ing. G. Sedlacek

Design example for Eurocode 3 Part 6: Cranes supporting structures

Design example for Eurocode 3 Part 6: Cranes supporting structures

Design example for Eurocode 3 Part 6: Cranes supporting structures

Design example for Eurocode 3 Part 6: Cranes supporting structures

Design example for Eurocode 3 Part 6: Cranes supporting structures

1 = 1,1 (upper value of the vibrational pulses)

(EC 1- P 3: Table 2.4)

Design example for Eurocode 3 Part 6: Cranes supporting structures

(EC 1- P 3: Table 2.4)

(EC 1- P 3: Table 2.4)

(EC 1- P 3: Table 2.4)

(EC 1- P 3: Table 2.6)

Design example for Eurocode 3 Part 6: Cranes supporting structures

4 Skewing of crane bridge

Design example for Eurocode 3 Part 6: Cranes supporting structures

a) Load group 1,2

Q C1,k = 1,1 60,0 = 66,0 kN

b) Load group 3,4,5,6

Q c1,k = 1,0 60,0 = 60,0 kN

Qh,nom = nominal hoist load

Q c1,k = 1,1 60,0 = 66,0 kN

Design example for Eurocode 3 Part 6: Cranes supporting structures

Q c 2,k = 1,1 10,0 = 11,0 kN

Q h ,k = 1,2 100,0 = 120,0 kN

Q c1,k = 1,1 60,0 = 66,0 kN

Q h ,k = 1,0 100,0 = 100,0 kN

c) Load group 4,5,6

Q c1,k = 1,0 60,0 = 60,0 kN

Q h ,k = 1,0 100,0 = 100,0 kN

Design example for Eurocode 3 Part 6: Cranes supporting structures

= m w Q r ,min = 2 15,0 = 30,0 kN

K = Q *r ,min = 0,2 30,0 = 6,0 kN

Number of runway beams:

Design example for Eurocode 3 Part 6: Cranes supporting structures

+ Q r ,(max) = 140,0 + 30,0 = 170,0 kN

= (1 0,5) l = (0,83 0,5) 15,0 = 4,95 m

= K l S = 6,0 4,95 = 29,7 kNm

(EC 1- P 3: Table 2.7)

Design example for Eurocode 3 Part 6: Cranes supporting structures

f = 0,3 (1 exp ( 250 )) = 0,3 (1 exp ( 250 0,007 )) = 0,248

(a) Distance ei of the wheel pair i from the guidance means

(EC 1- P 3: Table 2.8)

(EC 1- P 3: Table 2.9)

for wheel pair 1:

(EC 1- P 3: Table 2.9)

(EC 1- P 3: Table 2.9)

(EC 1- P 3: Table 2.9)

(EC 1- P 3: Table 2.9)

for wheel pair 2:

Design example for Eurocode 3 Part 6: Cranes supporting structures

S = f S Q r = 0,248 0,5 170,0 = 21,1 kN

for wheel pair 1:

H S,1,1,T = f S,1,1,T Q r = 0,248 0,09 170,0 = 3,8 kN

H S, 2,1,T = f S, 2,1,T Q r = 0,248 0,41 170,0 = 17,3 kN

H S,1,T = S H S,1,1,T = 17,3 kN

for wheel pair 2:

H S,1, 2,T = f S,1, 2,T Q r = 0,248 0 170,0 = 0 kN

H S, 2, 2,T = f S, 2, 2,T Q r = 0,248 0 170,0 = 0 kN

Design example for Eurocode 3 Part 6: Cranes supporting structures

Assumption: crane is classified in class S6: