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UV Vis Spectrophotometer
A basic spectrophotometer consists of 5 main components
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Radiation source Monochromator Sample cell compartment (sample holder) Detector Output display device
1. Radiation Source
For measurements >320nm (visible region) a tungsten-halogen light source is used. For measurements <320nm (UV region) deuterium arc light source is used.
2. Monochromator
Is like a diffraction grating, it is used to select a narrow range of wavelengths to pass through the sample.
4. Detector
A detector is used in order to sense the radiation that passed through the sample and than arrives at the sensing surface of the detector. It then provides/converts to an electrical signal which is proportional to the intensity of that radiation. The most common detectors used in a UV-Vis spectrophotometer are a photomultiplier tube, silicone diode and diode array.
The detector than measures the absorbance and transmittance values of the sample. Absorbance is a measure of the amount of light absorbed by the sample. Transmittance is a measure of the amount of light that passes through the sample and hits the detector, i.e. the light not absorbed by the sample. The detector senses the light that is being passed through the sample (transmittance value, light not absorbed) and converts this amount of light into a reading on the digital output display.
UV-Vis spectroscopy measures the amount of light absorbed by a sample in order to find its specific wavelength.
The specific wavelength found allows for the identification of the solution, as every sample/solution absorbs at a specific wavelength.