Soil Pollution Issue in Environmental Impact Assessment about Standard Urban Development Project ABSTRACT

According to the characteristics of soil pollution analysis in EIA about standard urban development project, I conclude the way and thought of soil pollution analysis in EIA. In the essay, I describes the investigation means of soil pollution businesses in the region, summarized the classification of industries pollutants in different soil characteristics, point out the evaluation criteria of soil pollution, sum various types of contaminated soil remediation measures. Combined with relevant environmental laws and regulations, demonstrate the duties of the responsible parties. KEY WORDS standard urban development, EIA, soil pollution, soil remediation

Standard urban development project is ordered to remove some of the existing construction land for the reclamation of farmland. Urban development project build new distribution of demolition of local industrial enterprises, especially the chemical and metallurgical enterprises, may cause pollution of soil. Site restoration of land to development if not treated and also to move into residential or reclamation of arable land, the people living here will constitute a long-term potential health threat to the land reclamation and agricultural crop growth in a direct impact on safety. Soil pollution is cumulative and difficult to detect. [1] If not seriously, it can cause great harm. Thus, the environmental impact assessment in standard urban development project should be highly concerned about soil pollution. This paper argues that such projects in the environmental assessment of soil contamination should include the following points.
'IAIA11 Conference Proceedings' Impact Assessment and Responsible Development for Infrastructure, Business and Industry 31st Annual Meeting of the International Association for Impact Assessment 28 May- 4 June 2011, Centro de Convenciones, Puebla - Mexico (www.iaia.org)

1Status manufacturers contaminated soil problem identification and screening The type of soil pollutants table is below. [2] Table 1 The type of soil pollutants table
Sort DDT Phenol Organic pollutants Cyanide Benzo [a] pyrene Oil Organic detergents Hg Cd Cu Zn Heavy metal pollutants Cr Pb Se Si Ni Source Production and use of pesticides Refinery, Production of phenol, Rubber industry, Fertilizer industry, Pesticide industry Electroplating industry, Metallurgical industry, Dye industry Refinery, Coking industry Exploitation of oil Machinery industry Alkali industry, Production of mercury compounds Smelting industry, Electroplating industry, Dye industry Smelting industry, Electroplating industry Smelting industry, Electroplating industry, Textile industry Smelting industry, Electroplating industry, Dye industry, Leather industry Paint industry, Smelting industry Sulfuric acid industry, Pesticide Industry, Fertilizer industry, Pharmaceutical industry, Glass industry Electronics industry, Electrical industry, Paint industry, Ink industry Smelting industry, Electroplating industry, Refinery, Dye industry

2Evaluation of soil pollution With the identification and screening results assessment agencies determine the key polluting enterprises. Then they should commission a professional monitoring department who focus on monitoring soil emissions of these pollutants in business according to HJ / T 166 -2004 "soil environmental monitoring technical specifications". Based on the use of development area, they choose the appropriate status of evaluation criteria. Reclaimed soil pollutant index, according to GB 15618-1995 "soil environmental quality standard "and DB12/113-1999 "pollution-free vegetable production environment quality standard " . Table 2 Reclamation district soil environmental quality standard mg/kgexcept pH
Project pH Cd Hg As Cu Pb Cr Zn Ni
BHC

DDT

<6.5 0.30 0.30 40 50 250 150 200 40

Value 6.5~7.5 0.30 0.50 30 100 300 200 250 50 0.50 0.50

>7.5 0.6 1.0 25 100 350 250 300 60

Resettlement areas and the transfer of the district will build a number of residential and public buildings. In these district, soil pollutant index must meet requirement of HJ 350-2007 "exhibition site evaluation of soil environmental quality standards " Table 3 Residential and public buildings district soil environmental quality standard
Project Cd Hg As Cu Pb Cr Zn Ni BHC DDT Value 22 50 80 600 600 610 1500 60 1.0 1.0

By the monitoring and corresponding comparison of soil quality standards, they determine the status of the pollution of the soil, for the follow-up to take the appropriate measures to provide the basis for soil remediation. 3Soil remediation measures 3.1 Physical rehabilitation The method of repairing contaminated soil by physical methods such as soil replacement, solidification, landfill packaging and heat treatment. 3.1.1 Soil replacement Excavate contaminated soil and replaced it with uncontaminated soil. Deeply plow into the soil underlying contaminated soil. Cover new soil on contaminated soil.
[3]

3.1.2 Solidification and landfill package Mix polluted soil with cement into package. Excavate contaminated soil, and then sent it to the designated landfill. Compress contaminated soil and packaged it with the container. [4] 3.1.3 Heat treatment Heating contaminated soil, so that thermal decomposition of pollutants. 3.2 Chemical remediation By putting chemical substances into the pollutant soil, changes soil pH or occurs binding reaction with contaminated soil to produce a new non-toxic or easy to deal with new substances. 3.3 Bioremediation Bioremediation is the use of metabolic activity of biological life, reduce the soil concentration of toxic and hazardous compounds, so that contaminated soil back to health process. [5] 3.3.1 Bioremediation by micro-organisms Organic matter, especially for the repair of oil polluted areas. [6] Added to the soil nitrogen, phosphorus and other nutrients, increase oxygen and water, so that the soil microbial maintain optimum vitality, which break down crude oil. [7] Compost is also commonly used bioremediation that can be greatly reduced concentration of organic pollutants in soil. [8]

3.3.2 Phytoremediation Genetic cultivated plants can absorb pollutants in soil. [9] Plants can remove organic contaminants in three ways, one direct absorption, transformation, degradation of pesticides; the second is directly to the soil plant roots secrete enzymes capable of degrading pesticides; Third, the secretion of organic acids by plant roots, and promote the Microbial growth and reproduction surrounding root, and thus degradation of organic pollutants. [10] 3.4 Agro-ecological restoration Agro-ecological restoration includes two aspects: First, agricultural rehabilitation measures. The second is ecological restoration. Based on the Screening of soil pollution and monitoring data, EIA agencies select soil pollution control measures in these targeted measures for the environmental assessment of soil restoration project. 4The responsible party soil remediation 4.1Polluting industries According to Chinese environmental protection regulations, the pollution industries are responsible of governance and restore soil function for the problem of environmental pollution caused by remaining pollutants from themselves. 4.2Urban land consolidation construction unit Urban land consolidation construction wont be allowed to signed land agreement with polluting enterprises, until they understand the production process of polluting enterprises and conduct soil monitoring. If the pollution does exist, then the pollution industries must restore soil function. Once pollution industries has been relocated, local government or the construction unit can carry out land consolidation restoration of soil functions, and the original polluting enterprises bear the cost of soil restoration. 5Summary Ii is very important that we must pay close attention to the issue of the soil about the business distributing in the district during development of standard urban, because standard urban occupies wide area and mainly through the demolition of the old form it construction new district and reclaims original land. With the expansion of accelerated urbanization and urban functions to adjust the layout, originally located in the city's high pollution, high energy-consuming enterprises have gradually moved out of the heart. These enterprises often occupy excellent site for competing development. On the contrary development of the site occupied by heavy polluting enterprises will face how to detect contamination of soil, how to "disinfect" and later risk assessment issues. The reality is that China has not improved the prevention and control of land pollution laws and regulations, land developers could easily lead to neglect, ignore or avoid responsibility for soil remediation, so that potential hazards. As EIA about standard urban development project, we should investigate soil pollution of businesses in the region, make a detailed analysis of the characteristics of soil pollutants, infer the extent of soil pollution specifically by monitoring, and propose targeted soil remediation measures. With relevant environmental laws and regulations, the duties of the responsible parties should be clear to avoid project implementation problems resulting from soil pollution.

References

[1]Han Suoqing,Chi Xiang The Type and Impact of Soil Pollution [J] Friend Of Chemical Industry,2007,(3) [2]Chen Jingzhong,Chen Jie,Xie Xuejian Soil Pollution and Environmental Impact [J]Soil200335(4) [3]Zhang Guixiang,Zhao Li,Liu XitaoHealth Hazards of Soil Pollution and Remediation Technology [J]Sichuan Environment200827(3) [4]Yu Jia,Dai Wanhong Research on Soil Heavy Metal Pollution and Remediation [J]Environmental Science and Technology200821(S2) [5]Chen JianEnvironmental Biotechnology [M]PekingChina Light Industry Press2000 [6]Shen DezhongBioremediation of Environmental Pollution [M]Peking Chemical Industry Press2002 [7]Zhang Cong,Xia LijiangBioremediation of Contaminated Soil [M]Peking China Environmental Science Press2000 [8]Cao Deju,Cheng PeiBioremediation of Several Microorganisms Towards Cu and Cd by Adsorption [J]Journal of Agro-Environment Science2004 23(3) [9]Chen HuaimanSoil-plant System in Heavy Metal Pollution [M] Science Press1996 [10]Ding AifangBiotechnology Applications in Remediation of Contaminated Soils [J]Anhui Agriculture Science Bulletin200814(23)

About the Author: Liu Wei, the staff of the third EIA institute in Tianjin Environmental Impact Assessment Center. Born in China in 1979, engineer and registered environmental impact assessment engineer. Master's graduate in College of Environmental Science and Engineering of Nankai University in 2002. Since 2002 more than 300 entries to establish environmental impact report in all types of construction project, including a project approved by State Environmental Protection Department.