INTRODUCTION

Bridge is a cross river, road, various types of

building from railways

wood, iron, concrete and so

others that

is road

line and

on. Bridge is structure built from divided by

material that function linking two places being

building or different structure such as river, channel, road, train, track and others, without cover up building or below route. Bridge need not only

for vehicle path and pedestrian but also was used to place a few other services such as water supply pipe, gas and also electricity supply. Apart from that, bridge has aesthetic value that high and capable of becoming tourist attraction.

OBJECTIVES

To know types of road structural. To know the causes of road structural failures. To learn the maintenance techniques of bridges. To lean the maintenance locations of the bridge structure. To know the damages of the signal gantry and maintenance method.

QUESTION (a) State six common types of road structural.

1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6)

Bridges. Tunnels. Subway. Underpass. Retaining wall (flyover) Bailey Bridge.

QUESTION (b)

State five causes of road structural failures.

1)

Material related defects. - Steel defects. - Paint and coating damages - Damages to timber structures. - Damages to concrete.

2)

Damages to structures. - Defect of the bridges. - Damages to the deck of the bridges. - Damages to the pavements.

3)

Long duration of the structures. - The span of the roads are too long.

4)

Less maintenance to structures. - Less inspections towards the road.

5)

Misused of the structures. - Vandalisme.

QUESTION (c)

Explain maintenance technique for three types of bridges.

1)

Bailey Bridge. Inspection works are carried out with tighten the joints and replaced the old woods with the new ones. Inspection towards the welding works. Replaced the old bridge to the new one. The closing girders are made by woods or steel. Make sure the surfaces are rough for slippage resistance.

2)

Flyover. The cleaning works are carried out in a periodically routine. Cleaning up the bridge deck work. Cleaning the drainage system of the flyover. Used the suitable equipments for cleaning works.

3)

Bridges (pedestrian walk way) The cleaning works are carried out in a periodically routine. Cleaning the bridge deck. Use the suitable equipments.

QUESTION (d)

List five maintenance locations of the bridge structure.

1) 2) 3) 4) 5)

Expansion joints. Bearings. Welding failures. Cracking. Drainage system.

QUESTION (e)

Briefly describe the techniques for tunnel lighting maintenance. The designs of the lighting are considered to the safety and comfortable aspects. Light flame arranged so that not happened revulsion that endanger driver. Light bulb burnt must be replaced immediately. Minimum level lighting long tunnel such as night time driving. Light bulb compensated according to service life 3 to by 6 months bulk to avoid replacement that is haphazard.

QUESTION (f)

State the five common damages of the signal gantry and provide a suitable maintenance method.

1)

Collision from the tall vehicles. Replaced the broken signal gantry to the new one. The maintenance is carried out in periodic routine.

2)

Collision at the support column. Removed the broken signal gantry immediately for safety to users.

3)

The damage from strong wind. Repair the signal gantry. Carried out in periodically routine.

4)

Vandalisme. Cleaning work is carried out so that the signal gantry is in good manners.

5)

Weathering. Periodic maintenance : paintworks

CONCLUSION

From a maintenance point of view, most agencies feel that these structures should never collapse. The consequences are higher as road link loses its function, replacement costs are high and the collapse itself may impair the lives of the road users. Thus corrective maintenance of the structure is simply not an option and road agencies invest heavily in preventive maintenance.

Maintenance is undertaken to extend the life of the structure and to ensure that the structure remain servicing its functions without impairing risks to road users or the environment.

This means that maintenance may be needed to avoid that parts of the structure fall on road users. Maintenance may also be needed to ensure safe fish passage at culverts and bridges.

These requirements may affect the timing of maintenance activities. To avoid unnecessary congestion, maintenance works may be carried in the night.

REFERENCES Chapter 2 - Highway & Rail Transit Tunnel Maintenance & Rehabilitation Manual - VTRT - Bridge - Infr http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/bridge/tunnel/maintman02.cfm http://www.cedengineering.com/upload/FHWA%20Bridge%20Maint enance%20-%20Overview.pdf www.cedengineering.com http://www.indevelopment.nl/PDFfiles/RoadStructureMaintenance.pf www.indevelopment.nl