K. L. E.

Society's

BV.Bhoomaraddi

College of Engineering & Technology,

Hubli - 31

DEPARTMENT

OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Experiment No.: Q1(~

Title of Experiment: Moment of a system subjected to free Torsional Vibration

Aim: To detemrine moment of inertia of a combine system by subjecting the system to the vibration and to check the validity of equation Wn = .y KII
Apparatus:

. Torsional vibration apparatus contains a disc of diameter 8.25 em, Wire of known diameter 0.051 em, shop watch

Parts of the apparatus: 1) Adjusting screws 2) Wire 3) Bush 4) Disc with scale 5) Rotor 6) Stand Theory: Consider a system consistmg of rotor of mass moment of inertia 10, connected to a shaft of torsional stiffness K as shown. When the rotor is displaced slightly in the angular manner about the axis of shaft and released, it executes torsional oscillations. Its nature frequency can be obtained as follows. When at any instant the rotor occupies a position '0' with reference to the equilibrium position, the torque acting on the rotor through the twisted shaft is = -K + e. The -ve sign is included because the torque on the rotor acts in a direction opposite to its twist. .. From Newton's II law of motion 10 8;"'= {<;+ 8J '. =? 10 8" + K + 8 = 0 8"+(Kt-1>'Jo) 8=0 (1) --:::' .~ 2 Put W n = Kt / Join ----------(1) 2 :. Equation (1) ---------- 8" + W n 8 = 0 :. Natural frequency of vibration of this system is Wn

= --j

Kt / Jo

,.
K. L. E. Society's

B.V.Bhoomaraddi College of Engineering & Technology, Hubli - 31 DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Formulae Required:

4-

1) Stiffness of wire Kt = GJIL, Where J = 1C~d'4'/32 2) Theoretical moment of inertia In = 1/2g JW~in2I ViLI;D 3) Theoretical natural frequency Wn = -V Kt / Io .

\\'r42

JC.Wtr~ +W2--r;:

-t :

J' .

Procedure:

1) Experimental setup is arranged properly as 'shown in figure 2) Now adjust the pointer on the disc to zero position using the two screws provided on top of device 3) After adjusting tighten the screw 4) Now disc is displaced to known angle which can be read from the disc scale and record this reading from this position the disc is allow to oscillate 5) When the disc makes back r\turn at the other end, the reading is recorded. Five such reading are taken 6) Time taken for each oscillation is recorded 7) Plot the graph of amplitude Vs time
Nature of Graph:

,,'

K. L. E. Society's

B.V.Bhoomaraddi College of Engineering & Technology, Hubli - 31 DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Observation:

1) Weight of disc WI = 260 gms 2) Weight of bush + screw W2 = 50 gms 3) Length of wire L = 40 em 4) Density of wire p = 1 gmIcm 5) Weight of wje W3 = 40 gms . 6) Weight of ~otor W4 = 292 gllis 7) Diameter of disc dl = 8.25 ems 8) Diameter of bush d2 = 1.27 ems 9) Diameter of wire d3 = 0.051 ems 10) Diameter ofttbtor d4 = 4.24 ems 11) Modules of rigidity of wire = G = 0.84 x 106 kg! em
Tabulation:

Sl. No.

No. of oscillations (n)

Amplitude LHS RHS

Time for 5 oscillation (t)

Time period

T=tIn
see

Nature freq. Wn=21t~ Rad/sec ....

-'

'1

120 120 105 100 95 130 125 120

120 110 105 100 95 130 125 115

14

2.8

2.244

14

2.8

2.244

115
105

110
105 Mean Wn = 2.244 rad/sec.

K. L. E. Society's

B.v.Bhoomaraddi

College of Engineering & Technology, OF MECHANICAL

Hubli - 31 .

DEPARTMENT

ENGINEERING

Specimen Calculation:

Stiffness of wire

Kt

= G.JIL
=Gnd34/32t-

= 0.84 x 106 x n x (0.051) Kt = 0.01395 Kg - em Theoretical moment of inertia 10 =~1

~

/40 x 32

r12 + w2 r2 2 + w3 r3 2 + w4 r4
2

2]

= 1 /2 x 981 [ 260 x 4.125 2 ~o x 0.635

!

+ 40 x 0.0255
..-:

+ 292 x 2.12

2 ]

x 10-3

Theoretical natural frequency Wn = vi Kt / 10 ~.01395 /2.935 x 10-3

[Wn = 2.180 rad / see]

Conclusion:
BY seeing the graph the apparatus is verified i.e without damping effect the rotor rotates with equal angle and amplitude.

..

8,

J,t:'

or

t< L E, Society s iaradd CJI~Sge of Engineering & Technology, Hubli - 31 JEPARTi 1ENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

XPERIl\IEl TT '0.:
Title of Experiment: Aim: To bale-ice another mass Balancing of rotating masses

ot. (A)

four c'ifferent rotating

masses rotating

in a single plane by

Apparatus: 1) Weiuhts 2) Stud = 5-1- gms 3) Washer = \l1l1S -1-) Nuts = 1 0 gms 5) DYE_.mi : balancing machine Balancingmachine has four planes, each plane having radii of rotations as 8 ems. 10 ems. '.'2 ems and 1-1ems. Motor: Speed in rpm = 1425, voltage in volts = 230. current 'n amp = 4.3 Theory: The hj~ 11 speed of engines and other machines are common. It is therefore vel' essential that all the rotating and reciprocating parts should be completely 1- ir 'c(l .:S r'.r as possible. If these parts are not properly balanced the dynamic . re-s are set up. These forces not only increase the loads on the bearings and ""-;:"SSc5 111 the various members but also produce up pleasant and dangerous \ ~ 'C' "'~'S. The process of providing the mass in order to counter out tne effect of nt 'rfugal forces of the existing masses rotating in a single plane but at differc (1" ;1(,5 is called balancing of several masses by a single mass in the s~me )L., . There are twr .ne 1 xls to find the mass and angle of the balancinz '-' mass. '-' 1) Am' tt al methorl 2) Gr.. L' .al method Con.::ider fo '::.::es o rrngnitude 1111, 1112, 1113 and m4 at distances ofr1, r2, 1'3.. .md 1'4 t. a is (J f otating shaft. Let I. 82, 83 and 84 be the angles of these masses .r, rhe horizontal line ox. Let these masses rotate about an axis through ,.' J. err .n.licular to the plane of paper with constant angular

velocirv

01'-\

Analytic: t 1) Fin

(I:
t

the prodrct of mass and its radius of rotation exerted by each . tie rotat 19 shaft 2) Res . the centrifugal force horizontally and vertically and find their sun- i.e. f. -+ & p. .,'

K L E Socety

B
C -=PAr,

II~ge of Engineering

& Technology.

Hubli - 31

1ENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ---. --- 1 1 2C ~ I...!... m2, r2 cas 82 ...L. "' ..
-L c (.',
\.J

3) \

. rl ~ si: <1L' of r
,

llL~

r2~ Si1182 ~
force

fc

=.

.j \ ,

...L.

T)'"

1tant centrifugal '-1

4) If 8 s he 3.11(""'" which resultant force makes with horizontal then r.~ ~ =~'-J. 1,_i112 f 'ce is then equal to the resultant force but in opposite 5)
-. I

6)

I , ,.
1

l'

the rcing

l' 1

-itude of balancing mass such that Fe = mr, where sand r - radius of rotation

Graphical 1) Fir-: ,
2) f 3) ~

I,

",I d:" .ne ce: . the )rese

~llilLIL:

the space diagram

with the positions

of several

[ ,

..:: :0 re1_.

'fugal force exerted by the each mass can the shaft "tors diagram with obtained centrifugal force such 'ie centrifugal force exerted by the mass 1111 or 111L nd direction to some suitable scale. Similarly draw -sent centrifugal forces of other masses m2, m3 amd

4)
5)
6)

~. ,L..::1 lygon law of forces the closing side ac represent the

: rce
_111~

:" raznitude and direction e is then equal to the resultant force but in opposite

iagnitude of the balancing mass at a given radius of cl: r .l1w2r = resultant centrifugal force or 1111" = resultant , .21'2. ln3r3, m4,r4
)"t ~

Formula'
I)
11e1

=
Procedur
1).

.nve.i iota about various rotating masses, find the weight of ing rna. s for a given radius of rotation either graphically or

K. L E Society s

S.v.8hoom81_.ddi College of Engineering & Technology, Hubli - 31 DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

:2) Select a suitable plane of rotation on the rotating shaft of the balancing machine 3) Arrange the various masses at their respective positions on the plane of rotation and also arrange the balancing mass of calculated weight at the given posing using stud, washers and nuts 4) Suitable on the balancing machine, if shaft and the suspension system on the machine are correctly balanced then there will be no vibrations. i.e. system is balanced. Record of observations: 1) Mass of one stud + two washers + Two nuts = 86 gms No. : Mass
'111'

in gins

! Radius
'rotation cms I 12 10
!

of 'r' in

I
I

I Angle

of rotation I Force F '8' in degrees I gm cm

I

mr in I

I
I

1
) .J

...,

-+

586 286 486 386 ~5

18
I
I

14 10

30 ,100 210 260 85

7032 i 2860 13888 5404 10m5

Specimen Calculations: Scale 1em = 1000 units 1) Solution by graphical approach

2) Solution by analytical method 'F =0 '-- = Ymrv;2 ~ IFx = Imrl.os 8 = 0 'F\ =)1 sin8=0 .0...,i ~ "

.. )111rcos u = 0 i.e. m l r l c is 1 + m2r2 cos 82 + m3r3 cos 83 T 1114r4cos 84 + m5r5 cos 85 = n ".586 x 12 -'( cos 30 x + 286 x 10 x cos 100 + 486 x 8 x cos (210) + 386x 14 cos260-rm5x 10cos85=0 .'. 1115 co 85 = - 1287.75/10 = - 128.77 -------~----(l)

.'. Imrsin

8 =0

B.V Bncorna

10dl

s Colleye of Engineering & Technology, Hubll - 31

E soc.etv

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

i.e 11111'1 sin

sine.:; = 0

e1

7"

1112r2 sin

e2 -

1113r3 sin

e3 -

m-lr-l sin 84 -;- 1115r5

:.:86 x 12.' cos 30u x -r 286 x 10 x sin 100u -;-~86 x 8 x sin (210)386 x 14 x sin 260 U - mS x 10 sin e5 = 0 :.1115 sin A5 = 933.35/ 10 = 93.33 ------------(2) Diving (2) C') (1) .. Tan e5 = 93.33 / 128.77 = 0.7247 S = 14~ 06 3)

.'. e

--------------(

111- os (1 .. 1-.06 0) 1115= 159.05 gms

Substitute \ alve of e5 in (1) we get = - 128.7

Conclusion: The analytical method gives the correct masses required balancing of rotation masses as compared to the graphical method solution.

for

=: