Study About Chromolaena Odorata (GONOY)

THE GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) TREATED
AND NOT TREATED WITH Chromolaena odorata (GONOY)
A Thesis Presented
to the Faculty of College of Science
University of Rizal System
Morong, Rizal
In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree
Bachelor of Science in Biology
JAYRALYN A. MISA
JEDDALYN M. EMPERADOR
October 2009
APPROVAL SHEET
This thesis entitled THE GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF Zea rugosa
(SWEET CORN) TREATED AND NOT TREATED WITH Chromolaena odorata
(GONOY) has been prepared and submitted in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the degree Bachelor of Science in Biology by JAYRALYN A.
MISA, and JEDDALYN M. EMPERADOR, who are hereby recommended for
corresponding oral examination.
________________ EMMA E. LINGA, Ed.D.

Date Adviser
Approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Bachelor
of Science in Biology by the Oral Examination Committee.
ZENAIDA S. ANGELES RICARDO R. ARISTON

Member Member
AIDA M. ODI
Chairman
Accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Bachelor

of Science in Biology.
________________ VALENTINA R. CATMUNAN, Ph.D

Date Dean, College of Science
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The researchers express gratitude to the following persons, who have
unselfishly rendered a part of them toward the accomplishment of this study.
Dr.RENEECILIA B. PAZ DE LEON, Chancellor, University of Rizal System
Morong, for allowing the researchers to perform the study.
Dr.VALENTINA R. CATMUNAN, Dean, College of Science, for granting
the approval of this study.
Dr. EMMA E. LINGA, their adviser, for sharing her expertise, support and
encouragement for the improvement of this work.
Prof. ZENAIDA S. ANGELES, their critic, for the comment, suggestions
and recommendation towards the improvement of this study.
Prof. RICARDO R. ARISTON, their statistician, for providing valuable
suggestion ideas and guidance in pursuing this study.
Prof. AIDA M. ODI, their chairman, for valuable advises and support in this
study.
Prof. DOMINGO S. PANTALEON, their research professor, for his pieces
of advice and words of encouragement that inspired the researchers.
And above all, to LORD and SAVIOR JESUS CHRIST for his blessings,
wisdom and strength showered upon the researchers.
The Researchers
Dedication
We would like to dedicate this piece of

work to God Almighty, who gave us life,
strength and knowledge to do this study
possible.
To our families, especially to our parents
for their unselfish love, who supported us
financially, emotionally and spiritually.
To our School, University of Rizal System
Morong, for giving us opportunity to study
here. The rooted foundation instilled and
shared with us will always enlighten us, as
we reach for higher goals in life. We will
always treasure all the memories of our
years, spent together in this institution
that helped us mold our future.
To our professors and to our beloved
Adviser Dr. Emma E. Linga, who guide and
share her ideas in this study.
Lastly to our classmates and friends who
taught us the meaning of friendship, those
ups and downs we’ve been through, made
us even more closer. You will always be a
part of our lives.
♥Jhai♥
♥Jhedz♥
ABSTRACT
TITLE: THE GROWTH PERORMANCE OF Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN)

TREATED AND NOT TREATED WITH Chromolaena odorata (GONOY)
AUTHORS:
JAYRALYN A. MISA
ROSE ANN S. COLEMAN
RONA MAE AIRA P. QUISQUINO
COURSE AND ACADEMIC YEAR: Bachelor of Science in Biology

S.Y. 2009-2010
Type of Document: Undergraduate Thesis
Number of pages: 97 pages
Name and Address of University: University of Rizal System

Morong,Rizal
SUMMARY:
The study is entitled The Growth Performance of Zea rugosa (SWEET
CORN) Treated and Not Treated with Chromolaena odorata (GONOY).
The study was conducted to determine the growth performance of Zea
rugosa (SWEET CORN) treated and not treated with Chromolaena odorata
(GONOY). Two different treatments were used Treatment A-treated with

Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) and Treatment B-not treated with Chromolaena
odorata (GONOY), to determine the growth performance of Zea rugosa (SWEET
CORN) in terms of height, weight of fruits, quality of fruits, quality of leaves and
weeds growing in the area.
This study was conducted at the University of Rizal System Morong
Campus and at Blk. 12 Lot 8 Mt. View Ave. Sunnyvale 1 Subd. Pantok,
Binangonan, Rizal.
Questionnaire-checklist was used to gather data and information about the
quality of fruits when treated and not treated with Gonoy. The study included
interpretation of the documents obtained from the respondents.
This study used the experimental method of research in determining the
effect of Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) as an alternative organic herbicide to
the growth performance of Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN). The data obtained were
analyzed and interpreted using Mean and Standard Deviation and T-test. To
determine the growth performance of Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) and the
perception of the respondents in terms of texture, taste, scent and color, Mean
and Standard Deviation were used. T-test was applied to find out the significant
difference on growth performance of Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) treated and
not treated with Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) and on the perception of the
respondents in terms of texture, taste, scent and color.
Based from the result of the analyzed data. It was revealed that there is
significant difference between treated and not treated with Chromolaena odorata
(GONOY) in terms of height, quality of leaves, weight of fruits, and weeds

growing in the area and it shows that the Gonoy inhibit the growth of weeds. It is
also revealed that there is significant difference on the perception of the
respondents in the quality of fruits treated and not treated with Chromolaena
odorata (GONOY) in terms of texture, taste, scent and color. It was therefore
recommended that farmers should used Chromolaena odorata (GONOY)
herbicide in Sweet Corn planting, Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) herbicide
should be used for other species of plants, further study should be conducted
involving other uses of Chromolaena odorata (GONOY), other researchers
should conduct chemical analysis regarding Chromolaena odorata (GONOY).

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
TITLE PAGE…………………………………………………………………… i
APPROVAL SHEET…………………………………………………………. ii
ACKNOWLEGDEMENT…………………………………………………….. iii
DEDICATION………………………………………………………………… iv
ABSTRACT………………………………………………………………….. v
TABLE OF CONTENTS……………………………………………………. viii
LIST OF TABLES…………………………………………………………… xi
LIST OF FIGURES…………………………………………………………. xiii
Chapter
1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Background and Purpose of the Study…………… 1

Theoretical Framework…………………………….. 9
Conceptual Framework……………………………. 10
Statement of the Problem………………………….. 10

Hypothesis…………………………………………… 12
Assumption………………………………………….. 13
Scope and Limitation of the Study………………… 13
Definition of Terms…………………………………. 14
2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research Design…………………………………… 18
Setting of the Study…………………………………. 18
Subject of the Study………………………………… 19
Sources of Data……………………………………… 21
Procedure of the Study……………………………… 22
Materials Used in the Study ……………………….. 23
Procedure of the Experiment................................... 23
Statistical Treatment………………………………… 28
Chapter Page
3 THE PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

OF DATA
The Growth Performance of Zea rugosa (SWEET

CORN) treated and not treated with Chromolaena
odorata (GONOY) in Terms of Height, Weight of
fruits, Quality of fruits, Quality of leaves and Weeds
growing in the area……………………………………..
35
The Significant Difference on the Growth

Performance of Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN)
Treated and Not Treated with Chromolaena odorata
(GONOY) in Terms of Height, Weight of fruits,
Quality of leaves and Weeds growing in the area….
37
The Perception of the Respondents on The Quality

of Fruits Treated and Not Treated with
Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) as\Perceived by
the Respondents in Terms of Texture, Taste, Scent
and Color…………...
39
The Significant Difference of the Perception of the

Respondents on the Quality of fruits Treated and
Not Treated with Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) in
Terms of Texture, Taste, Scent and Color………….
47
Note.……………………………………………………
49
4 THE SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND

RECOMMENDATION
Summary of Findings ………………………………..
50
Conclusion ……………………………………………
54
Recommendation ……………………………………
54
BIBLIOGRAPHY ………………………………………………….
56
APPENDIX
A Material Used in the Study………………………….
58
B Sample Record Sheet………………………………
59
C Certificate of Content Validation…………………..
65
D Letter to the Respondents…………………………
66
E Questionnaire Checklist……………………………
67
F Gantt chart…………………………………………..
70
CURRICULUM VITAE……………………………………………..
71
LIST OF TABLES
Table Page
1 Computed Mean and Standard Deviationon the Growth
Performance of Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) Treated and Not
Treated with Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) in Terms of Height,
Weight of Fruits, Quality of Leaves and Weeds Grown in the
Area………………………
35
2 The Significant Difference on the Growth Performance of Zea

rugosa (SWEET CORN) Treated and Not Treated with
Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) in Terms of Height, Weight of
Fruits, Quality of Leaves and Weeds Grown in the
Area………………………………………
38
3 Computed Mean and Standard Deviation on

the Perception of the Respondents on the
Quality of Fruits treated and not treated with
Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) in Terms of
Texture……………………………………………..
39

Taste……………………………………………….
41

Scent……………………………………………….
43

Color...……………………………………………
45
7 The Significant Difference on the Perception of

the Respondents on the Quality of Fruits
treated and not treated with Chromolaena
odorata (GONOY) in Terms of Texture, Taste,
Scent and Color…………………………………
47
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure
Page
1 The Conceptual Model Showing the Growth

Performance of Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN)
Treated and Not Treated with Chromolaena
odorata (GONOY)
………………………………………….
11
2 Photographic Representation of Chromolaena

odorata (GONOY)………………………………..
19
3 Photographic Representation of Zea rugosa

(SWEET CORN)……………..............................
20
4 Photographic Representation of Material Used

in the Study……………………………………….
23
5 Photographic Representation of Collecting

Leaves of Chromolaena odorata (GONOY)….
24
6 Photographic Representation of Powdering

leaves of Gonoy…………..................................
24
7 Photographic Representation of Plot

Preparation…………………………………....…..
25
Photographic
Representation
of Seed Planting
25
9 Photographic Representation of Application of

Chromolaena odorata (GONOY)………………..
26
10 Photographic Representation of Measuring the

Height of Sweet Corn…………………………….
26
11 Photographic Representation of Measuring the

Leaves of Sweet Corn……………………………
27
12 Photographic Representation of Weighing fruits

27
13 Photographic Representation of dry Leaves of

Gonoy……………………………………………..
29
14 Photographic Representation of Grains of
Sweet Corn……………………………………….
29
Figure
Page
15 Photographic Representation of Respondents

(Faculty)……………………………………………
30

(Students of IV-BS)………………………….…..
31

(Students of IV-A BS Biology)…………………..
32
18 Photographic Representation of Weeds that

Grown in the Area……………………………..
33
Chapter 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
This chapter presents the background and purpose of the study,
theoretical and conceptual framework, statement of the problem, research
hypothesis, assumption, scope and limitations and definition of terms.
Background and Purpose of the Study
Plants grow almost everywhere. Plants like flowers, grass and trees are
common. These plants supply man with food, clothing and shelter. Many of our
most useful medicines are also made from plants. But, not all plants are helpful
to man. Some species grow in fields and gardens as weeds. These weeds choke
off useful plants.1Those unwanted plants for any reasons are considered weeds.
These occupy a unique place in agriculture.2
Weeds are popular name given to numerous wild plants. These can be
very destructive both by smothering cultivated crops and by taking away moisture
among plant foods. Indirectly, weeds cause poor crop and a consequent loss of
food.3It can also be one of the most pressing problems encountered by the
farmers in the fields. According to some farmers, weeds are very hard to control
especially the cogon and the talahib grass. Those grow along the field. The other
problem, encountered by the farmer is the growth of the plant even unaffected by
the weeds. These affect essential nutrients absorb by the soil where it grows.
The nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are the primary elements
needed by plant to grow. Weeds compete with the growth of farm crops. These
weeds take water, sunlight and food. Weeds indirectly harm the crops by carrying
insect, pest and diseases.
There are several types of weeds-Annual, Biennial and Perennial. Annual
weeds complete its life cycle in one season. These are wild mustard, pigweeds
and crab grass. Biennial weeds complete its life cycle in two seasons. Some of
these are wild eggplant, goat beards and wild carrots. Perennial weeds live for
more than two years. These reproduce after the second season with seeds, roots
or underground stems. Some of these are talahib, quack grass, and cogon grass
and morning glory.4
There are four general methods of weed control-cultural, mechanical,
biological and chemical. Cultural control is the use of efficient crop production to
prevent weeds from growing. One such technique involves planting crop seeds
that free off weed seeds. Crop rotation helps keep weeds from adapting to
certain area. In small areas, a covering called mulch, is placed in the ground
around plants to prevent weed growth. Common types of mulches include grass
clippings, wood chips, and plastic sheets.

Mechanical control is the destruction of weeds manually or by machine.
Farmers use a machine called cultivator. To dig up large weeds and cover the
smaller ones with soil. Tall weeds in pastures and on road sides are controlled by
mowing. Hoeing weeds or pulling them out of the ground by hand can be
effective in small gardens, flowers, beds and lawns.
Biological control involves the use of natural enemies of weeds growing in
a specific area. For example, insects and others small animals that eat certain
weeds may be placed into the field where those weeds are growing. Bacteria and
other organisms are used to spread diseases among specific species of weeds.
Chemical control or chemical compounds are called weeds
herbicides.5Herbicides are sometimes called weed killers. Farmers and ranchers
used herbicides to control weeds that grow among crops. People also used
herbicides to eliminate weeds from lawns, parks, industrial sites and other areas.
There are two types of herbicides, the selective and non-selective.
Selective herbicides eliminate weeds without harming the crop while the non-
selective herbicides destroy all plants.
Herbicides have been used since the early 1850’s. When salt was used to
control unwanted plants. Salts, copper, sulfate and other early herbicides were
non-selective. Selective herbicides came into use in 1944.6
The ideal herbicide is cheap, easy to make and apply. It is specific in its
action, biodegradable and without undesirable side effects to ecosystems or to
humans. Some herbicides meet these criteria; other common herbicides do not.7
Many herbicides have been developed wherein their efficacy involves the
blocking of photosynthetic electron flow. Dichloromethyl urea (DCMU) is
commonly known as dourine, blocks electron transport to quinine acceptors of
photosynthetic II. Thereby, preventing reduction of P700. Another herbicide
Photosynthetic I and reacts with 02 to form the superoxide radical. This O2
species is very damaging to chloroplast components.8
There are a number of natural pesticides available to gardeners for insect
control. But, relatively there are few natural herbicides that are available for the
eradication of weeds or other invasive plants. However, there are plants that act
as natural herbicides, such as black walnuts, sunflower, sagebrush and spotted
knapweed. These plants excrete chemicals that can kill another plant species
growing nearby. The process of certain plants acting as natural herbicides is
called allelopathy.9
Allelopathy, is known as the chemical mechanism of plants interference, is
characterized by reduction in plants emergence of growth, reducing their
performance in the association. The term allelopathy was originated by Molisch
(1973) to reciprocate suffering of two organisms. The science of allelopathy
provide a base to aid crop production. Nowadays, allelopathy is concerned in
research involving sustainable agriculture, also referred as organic, low input,
biodynamic or resource conserving. Allelopathy has been used in agricultural
practices, such as weed control, intercropping, nutrient recycling and low external
input farming practices. The allelopathic plant products are known to offer a vast
array secondary compounds which have the potential to be used directly as

herbicides substitutes or as in structural leads for new synthetic herbicides. The
potential for undesirable environmental contamination for herbicides is relatively
high, and there is a need for environmental safe herbicides that are equally or
more effective and selective than currently available synthetic herbicides.
Allelopathic research can be applied to many current weed problems. The
recognized importance of allelopathy in agricultural practices has been increased
with the main objective of using this phenomenon’s in biological control of weeds.
One approach to utilize these is suggested to screen accessions of
allelopathic crops for their ability to reduce weeds.10
In, accordance with the government program on the proper utilization of
the natural resources and for the practical use of knowledge in Science and
Technology the Philippines Constitution Article XIV, Section 10, states that:
“Science and technology are essential for

natural development and progress. The state shall
give priority to research and development inventions,
innovation and the utilization; and to Science and
Technology, Education, training and service. It shall
support the indigenous appropriate and self-reliant
and science and technological capabilities and their
applications to the country productive systems of
life.”11
In this study the researchers chose plant called Chromolaena odorata
(Gonoy) as an alternative plant to make herbicides. The researchers chose this
plant because of its very wide geographical distribution in the country.
Chromolaena odorata belongs to the family of Asteraceae. It is a fast
growing perennial shrub, native to South America and Central America. It has
been introduced into the tropical regions of Asia, Africa and the Pacific, where it
is an invasive weed. Also known as Siam weed, it forms dense stands that
prevent the establishment of other plant species. It is an aggressive competitor
and may have allelopathic effects. It is also a nuisance weed in agricultural and
commercial plantations.12
In this literature, the researchers found out that this allelopathic
component of this Gonoy plants, can possibly be used as an alternative
herbicides to eliminate certain weeds. This kind of weed to be used as herbicides
is selective because it is natural and organic occurring plant.
Zea rugosa (Sweet Corn) is primarily eaten on the cob, or it can be
canned or frozen for future consumption. Sweet corn is seldom used for feed or
flour. Sweet corn is extra sweet because it contains more natural sugars than
other types of corn. It has been bred for a standardized height of 2.5 meters (8
ft.). Sweet corn is usually shortened than field corn varieties. (Field corn contains
4% sugar at the same stage standard sweet corn contains 10% sugar.) Almost
50% of the sugar can be converted to starch only 24 hours after sweet corn is
picked, so it is best to eat it fresh. SWEET or "green" corn is eaten fresh,
canned, or frozen. It is a type of corn that is grown in many horticultural varieties.
It is variously considered a distinct species (Zea saccharata or Zea rugosa), a
subspecies (Zea mays rugosa) or a specific mutation of dent corn. It is
distinguished by kernels containing a high percentage of sugar in the milk stage
when they are suitable for table use. Sweet corn is a warm-season vegetable
that can be grown easily in any garden with sufficient light, fertility, growing
season and space. It is especially popular with home gardeners because it tastes
appreciably better when it is harvested and eaten fresh from the garden.
Successive plantings can yield continual harvests from early summer until frost if
the weather cooperates. Time to harvest for sweet corn ranges from 64 to 94
days from planting. Sweet corn is a short-day plant and most cultivars will not
flower at photoperiods longer than 13 hours. When days are too long, the stalk
grows very tall but never flowers.13
In the study of Toan-Thang Phan, et.al, they found out that extracts from
the leaves of Chromolaena odorata have been shown to be beneficial for
treatment of wounds. The crude ethanol extract of the plant had been
demonstrated to be a powerful antioxidant to protect fibroblasts and
keratinocytes in vitro. In this study, the most active compounds were fractionated
and identified from the crude extract using liquid chromatography coupled with
UV spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The antioxidant effects of purified
fractions on cultured fibroblasts and keratinocytes were investigated using
colorimetric and Lactate hydrogenase release assay. The results showed that the
phenolic acids present (protocatechuic, p-hydroxybenzoic, p-coumaric, ferulic
and vanillic acids) and flavones and calcones) were major and powerful
antioxidants to protect cultured skin cells against oxidative damage.
In conclusion, the extract from Chromolaena odorata contains a mixture of
powerful antioxidant compounds that may be one of potential mechanism
contributing to enhance wound healing. 14
Another study was done by Irobi O.N. The researchers used ethanol
extract of Chromolaena odorata was assayed for in vitro antibiotic activity using
agar diffusion and plate dilution methods. The extract produced measurable
zones o inhibition (6.5-16 mm) against reference microbial strains and hospital
isolates including Bacillus thuringensis (var Israeli), Bacillus stearothermophilus
(NCTC 10339) staphylococcus aureus (NCTC 6571), Escherichia coli (NCTC
11699), Pseudomonas sp., Streptococcus faecalis and Klebsiella sp. Amphicilin,
gentamycin and tetracycline, which were used as antibiotic controls gave
inhibition zones measuring between 3.0 and 24 mm while the zones obtained in
essays with phenol measured 0.5-1.0 mm. The minimum inhibitory concentration
of the extract was 0.13-8.0 mg/ml. The antibiotic activity was lost or significantly
reduced with increasing pH in the alkaline spectrum. Zones of inhibition were
also diminished by heating the extract (40-80ºC) although its antimicrobial activity
was not totally lost when heated to 120ºC. The antibiotic substance produced a
cidal effect on the bacteria. It also resulted in the lysis and variable gram
reactions in some of the cells observed, suggesting that the site of action might
be the cell wall of the susceptible bacteria.15
According to the research study done by the students from University of
the Philippines,Los Baños, that (Gonoy) findings showed that Chromolaena
odorata (Gonoy) leaf extract contains alkaloids, cardiac glycosides,
luecoanthocyanins, flavonoids and tannins. Gonoy leaf extract has weak
antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and no anti-fungal
activity on Candida albicans. The crude and aqueous extracts have the ability to
shorten the coagulation time of blood on wounds inflicted on Swiss mice.16

Another research study done by the students of BS-Biology batch 2007 in
URS-Morong, showed that the leaves of Chromolaena odorata (Gonoy) have a
quality of an organic fertilizer and can promote plants growth.17But in the present
study Chromolaena odorata (Gonoy) was be used as herbicide using the
matured leaves of Gonoy.
The main purpose of this study is to eliminate weeds and promote growth
of plants. This will help the farmers to have herbicide that is cheap, easy to make
and apply. We all know that there are herbicides out in the market but it destroy
all plants including the crop. The Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) herbicide is
selective because it is natural and organic occurring plant.
The researchers come up with the proposal to maximize the use of
Chromolaena odorata (Gonoy) which is abundant in the locality. Aside from this
sweet corn, provide farmers bigger income. Sweet corn is well suited for
research. Since, it is easily grows and it is adaptable to a wide range of
environmental condition. As Biology Students, the researchers, determined the
potential of Chromolaena odorata (Gonoy) as herbicide in a natural way.
Theoretical Framework
This study aimed to make herbicide out of organic and natural occurring
material as Chromolaena odorata (Gonoy). This determined the performance to
inhibit the growth of weeds and to promote the growth of plant. This study was
based on the statement of Putman chemicals with alellopathic potential that are
present in almost all plants and in many tissues, like leaves, stems, flowers,
fruits, seeds and roots.18
The statement is related to the study since the Chromolaena odorata
(Gonoy), has an allelopathic component. The researchers considered the
statement to know the potential use Chromolaena odorata (Gonoy) as an organic
herbicide.
Conceptual Framework
The conceptual framework of the study was based on the System
Approach of Coomb which emphasizes on the three phases namely: the input,
the process and the output.
The input phase contains the essential materials and equipment in this
study. This involves the leaves of Chromolaena odorata (Gonoy), the agricultural
tools blender and tap water.
The process shows the five (5) steps. It includes the preparation of plots
for planting. Preparation and planting of corn, collection and powdering the
leaves of Gonoy, Observation and Data Tabulation and Interpretation and
Analysis of data.
The last phase is the output that determines the growth performance of
Zea rugosa (Sweet Corn) Treated and Not-treated with Chromolaena odorata
(Gonoy).
The line connecting the output to input is feedback. Feedback is needed to
improve or modify the experiment if needed.
Statement of the Problem
This study aimed to find out the Growth Performance of Zea rugosa
(Sweet Corn) Treated and Not-treated with Chromolaena odorata (Gonoy).
Specifically the study sought to answer the following questions:
1. What is the growth performance of Zea rugosa (Sweet Corn) when treated or
not treated with Chromolaena odorata (Gonoy) in terms of;

Preparation of
Plots for planting
Input Process Output
Preparation and
Planting of corn
Leaves of
gonoy
Collection and
powdering the The growth
Sweet Corn leaves of gonoy
performance of
Agricultural Observation and Zea rugosa

Tools and Data Tabulation
materials needed (Sweet Corn)
Interpretation Treated and Not-

Plot A and and Analysis of
Plot B data treated with
Chromolaena
Record Sheet Interpretation
and Odorata (Gonoy)
Analysis of data
FEEDBACK
Figure 1
A Conceptual Model ShowingThe Growth Performance of

Zea rugosa (Sweet Corn)Treated and Not-treated
with Chromolaena odorata (Gonoy)
1.1 height;
1.2 quality of leaves;
1.3 weight of fruits; and
1.4 weeds grown in the area
2. Is there significant difference on the growth performance of Zea rugosa (Sweet
Corn) when treated or not treated with Chromolaena odorata (Gonoy) in terms of
height, quality of leaves, weight of fruits, and weeds grown in the area?
3. What is the perception of the respondents in the quality of fruits when treated
and not treated with Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) in terms of;
1.1 texture
1.2 taste
1.3 scent; and
1.4 color
4. Is there significant difference on the perception of the respondents in the
quality of fruits when treated and not treated with Chromolaena odorata
(GONOY) in terms of texture, taste, scent and color?
Hypothesis
The study tested the null hypothesis that:
1. There is no significant difference on the growth performance of Zea rugosa
(Sweet Corn) when treated or not treated with Chromolaena odorata (Gonoy) in
terms of height, quality of leaves, weight of fruits, quality of fruits, and weeds
growing in the area.
2. There is no significant difference on the perception of the respondents in the
(GONOY) in terms of texture, taste, scent and color?
Assumption
Based on extensive reading and study, it was found out that Chromolaena
odorata (Gonoy) has allelopathic effects that can make an ideal source of
herbicide.
Scope and Limitation of the Study
The study used Chromolaena odorata (Gonoy) and its herbicidal potential.
This study was conducted by students taking up Bachelor of Science Major in
Biology under the College of Science at the University of Rizal System, Morong
Campus, Morong Rizal during the Calendar Year 2008-2009. Also, this study
was conducted at Blk. 12 lot. 8 Mt. View Ave. Sunnyvale 1 Subd. Pantok
Binangonan, Rizal. There were plots which were categorized as Plot A and Plot
B. Plot A were treated with Gonoy and Plot B was not treated with Gonoy. The
researchers found out Gonoy contain allelopathic components that make an ideal
source of herbicide. The researchers used corn as subject of the experiment.
Sweet corn is one of the most used crops of the farmers. The researchers were
used record sheet for the results during the initial and final conduct of the study.
The record sheet shows the growth performance of Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN)
treated and not treated with Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) in terms of height,
weight of fruits, quality of leaves and weeds growing in the area. The rows
treated and not treated were recorded the notes. The record sheet of height and
weight of fruits, composed three (3) columns the number of plant, the height and
the weight of fruits in each plot. For the record sheet of quality of leaves there are
two (2) sets of data. The treated and not treated with Gonoy. The researchers
used systematic method to measured the leaves of five (5) corn plant. There are
five (5) columns for the number of plant and seven (7) rows for the measurement
of leaves. For the record sheet of weeds growing in the area, there are also two
(2) sets of data, the treated and not treated with Gonoy. Each data has twelve
(12) columns for the number of weeks and four (4) rows for the types of weeds
growing in the area.
Definition of Terms
The following terms were defined conceptually or operationally for better
understanding of the study.
Allelopathy. It is known as the chemical mechanism of plants interference,
is characterized by reduction in plants emergence of growth, reducing their
performance in the association.19
Gonoy (Chromolaena odorata). This refers to an alternative organic
herbicide in the experiment. It is considered as abnixious weed species.
Height of plants. This refers to average height of the corn
Herbicide. It is the substance or preparation for killing plants. 20
Number of weeds. This refers to the total number of weeds growing in the
area.
Organic Herbicide. This refers to the produced mature leaves of Gonoy.
Plot A. This refers the plants Treated with Gonoy.
Plot B. This refers to plants Not-treated with Gonoy.
Quality of fruits. This refers to the characteristic of fruits.
Quality of leaves. This refers to the characteristic of leaves.
Record sheet. This refers to a sheet of paper where in the results are
recorded.
Sweet Corn (Zea rugosa). This refers to the use crop for farmers. This is
the plant used by the researchers.
Types of weeds. This refers to the variety of weeds growing in the area.
Weeds. Refers to a valueless, troublesome, or noxious plant growing
wild, one that grows profusely or on cultivated ground to the exclusion or injury of
the desired crop. 21
Weight of fruits- Refers to the average weight of fruits.
NOTE
1
The World Encyclopedia Vol. 15 p. 516
2
Manual of Weeds of Tobacco farms in the Philippines p.1
3
The New Universal Library p. 318
4
Technology and Home Economics by Ines Alcantara de Guzman and
Cesar P. Suratos p. 260
5
The World Book Encyclopedia Vol. 9 p. 197
6
World Book Millennium 2000 p. 179
7
Grolier Encyclopedia of Knowledge p. 215
8
Arcelia M. Alfonso-Alejar et al. Fundamental of
PLANT PHYSIOLOGY p. 52
9
www.wisegeek.com/what_are_some_natural_herbicides
10
In: Rizvi, S.J.H. and V. Rizvi. Allelopathy: Basic and Applied aspects.
p.256-268
11
Philippine Constitution 1987
12
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromolaena_Odorata
13
http://www.mdidea.com/products/new/new072paper.html
14
http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/bpb/24/12/24_1373/_article/-char/en
15
Pharmaceutical Biology (formerly International Journal of
Pharmacognosy), Volume 35, No. 2
16
Undergraduate Thesis, University of the Philippines Los
Baños”Phytochemical Screening of Gonoy (Chromolaena Odorata) Leaves, its
Antimicrobial and Coagulative Properties”.
17
Undergraduate Thesis, URS-Morong “The influence of Lactuca sativa
(Lettuce) on the yield performance of Chromolaena odorata (Gonoy) 2007”
18
In: Rizvi, S.J.H. and V. Rizvi. Allelopathy: Basic and Applied aspects.
p.256-268
19
Edward N. Teall,A.M Webster New Handy Pocket Dictionary
20
21
Chapter 2
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents the research design, setting of the study, source of
data gathered, procedure of study, materials used in the study, procedures of the
experiment and statistical treatment used.
Research Design
This design utilized the experimental research design method. Experiment
is a special procedure for making scientific observations attempting to answer
questions raised by ideas. In an experimental set up, there are two ways to
obtain the much needed, information; isolation and control.
The researchers separated the material studied from everything else. This
study used controlled experiment. The researchers isolated and tested the
effects of a single factor, also known as a variable. Experimental variable was
allowed to change the order and to determine the effect of that factor.
The other step in an experimentation process is setting up a control
system. This serves as the basis of comparison of the results. A control in any
scientific study is part of the experiment or test that provides a standard of
comparison in which to confirm or rule out error in experimental observation.1
Setting of the Study
The placed of the study was conducted at Blk. 12 lot. 8 Mt. View Ave.
Sunnyvale 1 Subd. Pantok Binangonan, Rizal. Brgy. Pantok has a population or
less 13,152 inhabitants.2The experiments was conducted in an area of 150
square meters but the researchers utilized 30 square meters of the area, near
the rest house, there are some ornamental plants and banana plants around.
The terrain of the area is plain with a sandy loam soil. The area is suitable for the
plant to grow and absorb sunlight.
Subject of the Study
Figure 2
Photographic Representation of Chromolaena odorata (GONOY)
The subject of the study was the powdered form of the leaves of
Chromolaena odorata (Gonoy). Chromolaena odorata, a fast-growing perennial
shrub, native to South America and Central America. It has been introduced into
the tropical regions of Asia, Africa and the Pacific. It is an invasive weed known
as Siam weed. It forms dense stands preventing the other plant species to grow.
It is an aggressive competitor and may have allelophatic effects. It offers a vast
array of secondary compounds having the potential to be used directly as
herbicides substitutes or as structural lead for new synthetic herbicides. 3
Figure 3
Photographic Representation of Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN)
The researchers used Zea rugosa (Sweet Corn) to test plants because it
is one of the most used crops by the farmers. Zea rugosa (Sweet Corn) is
primarily eaten on the cob, or it can be canned or frozen for future consumption.
Sweet corn is seldom used as feed or flour. Sweet corn is extra sweet because it
contains more natural sugars than other types of corn. It has been bred for a
standardized height of 2.5 meters (8 ft.). Sweet corn is usually shortened than
field corn varieties. (Field corn contains 4% sugar at the same stage standard
sweet corn contains 10% sugar.) Almost 50% of the sugar can be converted to
starch only 24 hours after sweet corn is picked, so it is best to eat it fresh.
SWEET or "green" corn is eaten fresh, canned, or frozen. It is a type of corn that
is grown in many horticultural varieties. It is variously considered a distinct
species (Zea saccharata or Zea rugosa), a subspecies (Zea mays rugosa) or a
specific mutation of dent corn. It is distinguished by kernels containing a high
percentage of sugar in the milk stage when they are suitable for table use. Sweet
corn is a warm-season vegetable that can be grown easily in any garden with
sufficient light, fertility, growing season and space. It is specifically popular
among home gardeners because it tastes appreciably better when it is harvested
and eaten fresh from the garden. Successive plantings can yield continual
harvests from early summer until frost if the weather cooperates the span of time
to harvest sweet corn ranges from 64 to 94 days from planting. Sweet corn is a
short-day plant. During long days, the stalk grows very tall but no flowers.4
Sources of Data
The researchers used record sheet for the results. Data were recorded for
the initial and final conduct of the study. The record sheet shows the growth
performance of Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) treated and not treated with
Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) in terms of height, weight of fruits, quality of
leaves and weeds growing in the area. The rows treated and not treated were
noted down notes. The record sheet of height and weight of fruits were three (3)
columns the number of plant, the height and the weight of fruits in each plot. The
record sheet of quality of leaves there are two (2) sets of data. The treated and
not treated with Gonoy. The researchers used systematic method to measure the
leaves of five (5) corn plant. There were five (5) columns for the number of plant
and seven (7) rows for the measurement of leaves. The record sheet of weeds
growing in the area, were two (2) sets of data, the treated and not treated with
Gonoy. Each data has twelve (12) columns for the number of weeks and four (4)
rows for the types of weeds growing in the area. In terms of height, the corn plant
must be 8 ft. tall. The researchers measured the height of the corn plants in each
plot. In terms of weight, and quality of fruits it must be full of kernels without any
space. The researchers weighed all the sweet corn and evaluated by 30
respondents. In terms of quality of leaves, the leaves must be long, green and no
stem holes. The researchers used systematic method to measure six (6) leaves
of five (5) corn plants in each plot. In terms of weeds growing in the area, the
weeds were mechanically pull in each plot. The researchers weighed the weeds
and determine the specific kind of weeds growing in the area.
Procedure of the Study
This study deals with the steps and the schedule of activities. The
researchers made used of the Gantt chart to record the activities. The activities
described the whole study. It included the planning period of the study and the
time duration in making the experiments.
First, the researchers planned for the title of the study. This included
reading of undergraduate thesis, books and journals. Next activity, involved
surfing the web for some ideas and information. These gave the researchers
additional information in formulating the title. Second the oral defense. After the
defense, the researchers proceeded to the preparation of Chapter 1 and 2.

The literature and informations form the two chapters were taken from
different libraries, College of Science library, College of Graduate Library and
University of Rizal System Morong, Rizal main Library.
Lastly, the presentation, analysis and Interpretation of data. The
researchers made conclusion, recommendations, summary and findings and
finished the entire thesis, subjected to oral defense.
Material Used in the Study
Figure 4
Photographic Representation of Material Used in the Study
The materials used in conducting the study were the following: Agricultural
tools, used for the arrangement of test areas, blender for powdering the leaves of
Gonoy, tap water, corn grains for planting, weighing scale for weighing the corn
and Record Sheet to record the result of the experiment.
Procedure of Experiment
To determine the growth performance of Zea rugosa (Sweet Corn) when
treated and not treated with Chromolaena odorata (Gonoy), the researchers
followed the following procedures:
Figure 5
Photographic Representation of Collecting Leaves of Chromolaena
odorata (GONOY)
Figure 6
Photographic Representation of Powdering Leaves of Chromolaena
odorata (GONOY)
A. Collection and Powdering Leaves of Gonoy
The researchers collected the matured leaves of Gonoy at Agua
Monte Subd. Tagpos Binangonan, Rizal. The matured leaves were the source of
the subject of the study. The matured leaves were air dried more or less two (2)
months until it become totally dried. The 1/4 kilo of dried leaves of Gonoy was
process through blender. Then, the Gonoy powder was mixed with 1 gallon of
water. Let it stay for 1 hour before application.
Figure 7
Photographic Representation of Plot Preparation
B. Plot Preparation
The researchers measured the area and cleaned. Then, they
cultivated the area and divided it into two (2) test plot. The plots were categorized
as Plot A and Plot B. Each plot measured .50x3 meters. One test plot was
treated with Gonoy and the other plot was not treated with Gonoy. The
researchers separated the control and variable in such a way there was no
occurrence of contamination. The distance between the control and variable 2
meters.
Figure 8
Photographic Representation of Seed Planting
C. Seed Planting
Corn grains were planted in each plot. The grain planted in the plot
has a distance of approximately .50 meters. Grains were planted 3cm under the
ground.
Figure 9
Photographic Representation of Application of Gonoy Solution
D. Application of Chromolaena odorata (Gonoy)
The application of the solution was applied when the weeds started
to germinate or grow. The Gonoy solution was applied by spraying the weeds.
Field observation was done. The comparison between treated and not treated
with Gonoy solution was recorded in the data.

Figure 10
Photographic Representation of Measuring the Height of Zea rugosa
(SWEET CORN)
Figure 11
Photographic Representation of Measuring the Leaves of Zea rugosa
(SWEET CORN)
Figure 12
Photographic Representation of Weighing the Fruits of Zea rugosa
(SWEET CORN)
E. Determination of the Height, Quality of Leaves, Weight of Fruits, Quality
of Fruits and Weeds Grown in the Area
In order to determine the height of Zea rugosa, the researchers
measured the average height in each plot with the exemption of roots. To
determine the weight of fruits, the researchers weighed the fruit of treated and
not treated with Gonoy. To determine the quality of fruits the researchers
evaluated the corn to 30 respondents. To determine the quality of leaves, the
researchers used systematic method where in they measured six (6) leaves of
five (5) corn plant in each plot. To determine the weeds growing in the area, the
researchers weighed the weeds and determine what specific kind of weeds
grown in the area.
Statistical Treatment
Based from the formulated problem and hypothesis the following statistical
treatments were used:
To determine the growth performance of Zea rugosa (Sweet Corn)
Treated and Not Treated with Chromolaena odorata in terms of height, quality of
leaves, weight of fruits, and weeds grown in the area, the mean and standard
deviation were used.
To determine the significant difference on the growth performance of Zea
rugosa (Sweet Corn) when treated and not treated with Chromolaena odorata
(Gonoy) in terms of height, quality of leaves, weight of fruits, and weeds grown in
the area, t-test was used.

To determine the perception of the respondents in the quality of fruits
when treated and not treated with Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) in terms of
texture, taste, scent and color, the mean and standard deviation were used.
To determine the significant difference on the perception of the
respondents in the quality of fruits when treated and not treated with
Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) in terms of texture, taste, scent and color, t-test
was used.
Figure 13
Photographic Representation of Dry Leaves of
Chromolaena odorata (GONOY)
Figure 14
Photographic Representation of
Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) Grains
Figure 15
Photographic Representation of Respondents
(Faculty)
Figure 16
(Students of IV-BS)
Figure 17
(Students of IV-A BS BIOLOGY)
Palmer amaranth
Bakisbakisan
Figure 18
Photographic Representation of Weeds grow in the area
NOTE
1
Carmelita M. Capco-Yang et.al Science and Technology BIOLOGY p.6-7
2
http://www.census.gov.ph/Rizal/2007%20CP.htm
3
4
Chapter 3
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
This chapter deals with the presentation, analysis and interpretation of
data gathered regarding the effectiveness of Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) as
Herbicide to The Growth Performance of Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) and the
answer to the specific presented.
The Growth Performance of Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) Treated and Not
Treated with Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) in Terms of Height, Quality of
Leaves, Weight of Fruits and Weeds Grown in the Area.
Table 1 presents the computed mean and standard deviation on the
growth performance of Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) treated and not treated with
Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) in terms of height, quality of leaves, weight of
fruits, and weeds grown in the area.
Table 1
Computed Mean and Standard Deviation on the Growth Performance
of Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) Treated and Not Treated with
Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) in Terms of Height,
Quality of Leaves, Weight of Fruits, and
Weeds Grown in the Area
Treated with Not Treated

Gonoy with Gonoy
_ _
X SD X SD
1.Height 211.13 cm 16.76 179.23 cm 12.19
2.Quality of leaves 89.98 cm 18.88 81.97 cm 11.51
3.Weight of fruits 654.33 g 30.35 624.33 g 32.01
4Weeds
4.1Bakis-bakisan 56.15 g 2.09 69.98 g 1.50
4.2 Palmer amaranth 4.94 g 0.81 8.79 g 1.19
Total no. of Weeds 61.08 g 1.95 78.78 g 1.32
The table reveals that Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) not treated with
Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) has the least growth performance in terms of
height having a mean of 179.23 cm., with standard deviation of 12.19. However,
Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) treated with Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) has
obtained the highest growth performance in terms of height having a mean of
211.13 cm., with standard deviation of 16.76.
In terms of quality of leaves Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) not treated with
Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) obtained a mean 81.97 cm with the standard
deviation of 11.51 and Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) treated with Chromolaena
odorata (GONOY) obtained the highest mean of 89.98 cm and with standard
deviation of 18.88.
In terms of weight of fruits Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) not treated with
Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) obtained a mean of 624.33 g and with standard
deviation of 32.01 while Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) treated with Chromolaena
odorata (GONOY) obtained a highest mean of 654.33 g and with standard
deviation of 30.35.
In terms of weeds, there were two kinds of weeds grown in the area, the
bakis-bakisan and palmer amaranth. The Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) treated
with Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) in terms of bakis-bakisan obtained a mean
of 56.15 g with standard deviation of 2.09 while Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) not
treated with Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) in terms of bakis-bakisan obtained
a mean of 69.98 g and standard deviation of 1.50. The Zea rugosa (SWEET
CORN) treated with Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) in terms of palmer
amaranth obtained a mean of 4.94 g with standard deviation of 0.81. However,
Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) not treated with Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) in
terms of palmer amaranth obtained a mean of 8.79 g and standard deviation of
1.19.
In terms of total number of weeds Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) treated
with Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) obtained a mean of 61.08 g with standard
deviation of 1.95 while Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) not treated with
Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) obtained the highest mean of 78.78 g and with
standard deviation of 1.32. It shows that Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) treated
with Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) has greatest effect on the rate of inhibition
of weeds since it eliminates the growth of the weeds.
The result showed that Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) treated with
Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) has the greatest effect on the growth
performance in terms of height, quality of leaves, weight of fruits, and it
eliminates the weeds grown in the area. According to the research study done by
Fullante et.al, of BS Biology student in URS Morong, showed that the leaves of
Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) are high in nitrate content that makes it an ideal
source of nitrogen fertilizer which could be utilized for the propagation of
desirable plants.1
The Significant Difference on the Growth Performance of Zea rugosa (SWEET

CORN) Treated and Not Treated with Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) In Terms
of Height, Quality of Leaves, Weight of Fruits, and Weeds Grown in the Area.
Table 2 the significant difference on the growth performance of Zea
rugosa (SWEET CORN) treated and not treated with Chromolaena odorata
(GONOY) in terms of height, quality of leaves, weight of fruits, and weeds grown
in the area.
Table 2
The Significant Difference on the Growth Performance of Zea rugosa (SWEET

CORN) Treated and Not Treated with Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) in
Terms of Height, Quality of Leaves, Weight of Fruits, and
Weeds Grown in the Area
t df P-value Ho VI
1.Height 5.96 28 .000 R S
2.Quality of 1.98 58 .05 R S
leaves
3.Weight of 2.63 28 .014 R S
fruits
4.Weeds
4.1Bakis- 17.82 20 .000 R S
bakisan
4.2 Palmer 8.89 17.58 .000 R S
amaranth
Total no. of 24.92 20 .000 R S
weeds
The table shows that there is significant difference on the growth
performance of Zea rugosa (SWEET CORB) treated and not treated with
Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) in terms of height, quality of leaves, weight of
fruits and weeds grown in the area. Since P-value of .000, .014, .05, .000, .000, .
000 respectively exceeded .05 level of significance, thus the null hypothesis is
rejected.
The result clearly showed that Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) treated with
Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) has greatest effect on the growth performance
in terms of height, quality of leaves, weight of fruits and in the rate inhibition of
weeds. According to Chris Boerboom when weeds were controlled at the
specified weed heights and later emerging weeds were also controlled.2
The Perception of the Respondents on The Quality of Fruits Treated and Not
Treated with Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) as Perceived by the Respondents
in Terms of Texture, Taste, Scent and Color.
perception of the respondents on the quality of fruits treated and not treated with
Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) in terms of texture.
Table 3
Computed Mean and Standard Deviation on the Perception of the
Respondents on the Quality of fruits treated and Not Treated
with Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) in
Terms of Texture
Treated with Gonoy Not Treated with Gonoy
Texture _ _
X VI SD X VI SD
1.Kernel or grains of the 4.57 VMC 0.73 4.17 MO 0.87
Corn is perfectly arranged.
2.The Corn is full of 4.33 VMC 0.68 4.20 VMO 0.76
kernel without any
space.
Corn is tender and firm.
4.Kernel or grains of 4.71 VMC 0.66 3.96 MO 0.51
Corn is juicy.
5.Kernel or grains of 4.53 VMC 0.51 4.20 VMO 0.61
Corn is smooth.
General 4.52 VMC 0.55 4.14 MO 0.59
The table reveals that Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) treated with
Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) as perceived by the respondents in terms of
texture shows that number 1 obtained a mean of 4.57, a standard deviation of
0.73 and verbally interpreted as “Very Much Comparable (VMC)”. Number 2
having a mean of 4.33, standard deviation of 0.68 and verbally interpreted “Very
Much Comparable (VMC)”. Number 3 obtained a mean of 4.40, a standard
deviation of 0.72 and verbally interpreted as “Very Much Comparable (VMC)”.
Number 4 obtained a mean of 4.71, a standard deviation of 0.66 and verbally
interpreted as “Very Much Comparable (VMC)”. Lastly, number 5 obtained a

mean of 4.53, a standard deviation of 0.51 and verbally interpreted as “Very
Much Comparable (VMC)”.
Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) not treated with Chromolaena odorata
(GONOY) as perceived by the respondents in terms of texture shows that
number 1 obtained a mean of 4.17, a standard deviation of 0.87, and verbally
interpreted as “Much Observed (MO)”. Number 2 obtained a mean of 4.20, a
standard deviation of 0.76 and verbally interpreted as “Very Much Observed
(VMO)”. Number 3 obtained a mean of 4.17, a standard deviation of 0.79 and
verbally interpreted as “Much Observed (MO)”. Number 4 obtained a mean of
3.96, a standard deviation of 0.51 and verbally interpreted as “Much Observed
(MO)”. Lastly, number 5 obtained a mean of 4.20, a standard deviation of 0.61
and verbally interpreted as “Very Much Observed (VMO)”.
Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) treated with Chromolaena odorata (GONOY)
obtained a general mean of 4.52, a standard deviation of 0.55 and verbally
interpreted as “Very Much Comparable (VMC)” while Zea rugosa (SWEET
CORN) not treated with Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) obtained a general
mean of 4.14, a standard deviation of 0.59 and verbally interpreted as “Much
Observed (MO)”
The result implies that Zea rugosa (GONOY) treated with Chromolaena
odorata (GONOY) has a greatest effect on the quality of fruits in terms of texture.
According to O.P Shukla et.al organic herbicide kills majority of weeds when
sprayed on the crop without damaging the cereals.3

Table 4 presents the computed weighted mean and standard deviation of
the extent of observation on the quality of fruits treated and not treated with
Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) in terms of taste.
Table 4

Terms of Taste

_ _
Taste X VI SD X VI SD
Corn is sweet.
2.The taste lingers in 4.37 VMC 0.67 3.80 MO 0.61
your mouth.
3.The Corn is delicious. 4.60 VMC 0.67 3.97 MO 0.72
4.Appeals to the 4.55 VMC 0.57 3.93 MO 0.65

sense of taste
5.The taste is great. 4.59 VMC 0.63 3.93 MO 0.75
General 4.54 VMC 0.56 3.94 MO 0.60
On the other hand, Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) treated with
Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) as perceived by the respondents in terms of
taste shows that, number 1 obtained a mean of 4.67, a standard deviation of 0.61
and verbally interpreted as “Very Much Comparable (VMC)”. Number 2 obtained
a mean of 4.37, a standard deviation of 0.67 and verbally interpreted as “Very
Much Comparable (VMC)”. Number 3 having a mean of 4.60, a standard
deviation of 0.67 and verbally interpreted as “Very Much Comparable (VMC)”.
Number 4 obtained a mean of 4.55, a standard deviation of 0.57 and verbally
interpreted as “Very Much Comparable (VMC)”. Lastly, number 5 having a mean

of 4.59, a standard deviation of 0.63 and verbally interpreted as “Very Much
Comparable (VMC)”.
(GONOY) as perceived by the respondent’s shows that number 1 obtained a
Observed (MO)”. Number 2 obtained a mean of 3.80, a standard deviation of
0.61 and verbally interpreted as “Much Observed (MO)”. Number 3 obtained a
Observed (MO)”. Number 4 obtained a mean of 3.93, a standard deviation of
0.65 and verbally interpreted as “Much Observed (MO)”. Lastly, number 5 having
a mean of 3.93, a standard deviation of 0.75 and verbally interpreted as “Much
Observed (MO)”.
Observed (MO)”
The result implies that Zea rugosa treated with Chromolaena odorata
(GONOY) has the greatest effect on the quality of fruits in terms of taste. As
stated by WIESE, Lars Ole; (DK), the organic herbicide primarily uses
ingredients, which are used for human nutrition, and the individual components
are harmless to nature including animals and people.4

perception of the respondents on the quality of fruits treated and not treated with
Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) in terms of scent.
Table 5

Terms of Scent

_ _
Scent X VI SD X VI SD
1.The aroma is very sweet. 4.57 VMC 0.57 4.10 MO 0.66
2.The smell is very 4.43 VMC 0.63 3.93 MO 0.69
tempting.
3.Smells good. 4.60 VMC 0.62 4.03 MO 0.76
4.It has a very pleasant and 4.53 VMC 0.68 3.97 MO 0.76
attractive scent.
5.The smell is 4.54 VMC 0.65 3.87 MO 0.76
acceptable.
General 4.52 VMC 0.54 3.97 MO 0.65
Based on the table above , Zea rugosa treated with Chromolaena odorata
(GONOY) as evaluated by the respondents show that number 1 obtained a mean
of 4.57, a standard deviation of 0.57 and verbally interpreted as “ Very Much
Comparable (VMC) ”.Number 2 obtained a mean of 4.43 with standard deviation
of 0.63 and verbally interpreted as “ Very Much Comparable (VMC)’’.Number 3
obtained a mean of 4.60, a standard deviation of o.62 and verbally interpreted as
“ Very Much Comparable (VMC)’’.Number 4 having a mean of 4.53 , a standard
deviation of 0.68 and verbally interpreted as “Very Much Comparable
(VMC)’’.Lastly ,Number 5 has a mean of 4.54, a standard deviation of 0.65 and
verbally interpreted as “Very Much Comparable (VMC)’’.

(GONOY) as evaluated by the respondents show that Number 1 obtained a
mean of 4.10 , a standard deviation of 0.66 and verbally interpreted as “Much
Observed (MO)’’.Number 2 having a mean of 3.93 , a standard deviation of 0.69
and verbally interpreted as “Much Observed (MO)’’.Number 3 obtained a mean of
4.03 , a standard deviation of 0.76 and verbally interpreted as “Much Observed
(MO)’’.Number 4 obtained a mean of 3.97 , a standard deviation of 0.76 and
verbally interpreted as “Much Observed (MO)’’.Lastly , Number 5 having a mean
of 3.87 , a standard deviation of 0.76 and verbally interpreted as “Much Observed
(MO)’’.
Observed (MO)”
The result clearly showed that Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) treated with
Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) has a greatest effect on the quality of fruits in
terms of scent. According to U.S Environmental Protection Agency Organic
herbicides are used to clear waste ground and kill all weeds with which they
come into contact.5

Table 6 presents the computed mean and standard deviation of the extent
of observation on the quality of fruits treated and not treated with Chromolaena
odorata (GONOY) in terms of color.
Table 6

Terms of Color

_ _
Color X VI SD X VI SD
1.Kernel or grains of the 4.77 VMC 0.57 4.24 VMC 0.79
Corn is yellow.
2.The color is very 4.55 VMC 0.57 4.11 MC 0.69
Tempting.
3.The color of the corn 4.48 VMC 0.78 4.08 MC 0.83
Treated with Gonoy is
Comparable with the corn
treated without Gonoy.
4.The color is attractive 4.60 VMC 0.72 4.17 MC 0.76
and pleasant to the eyes,.
5.The color is bright and 4.50 VMC 0.73 4.00 MC 0.80
shiny.
General 4.57 VMC 0.62 4.12 MC 0.69
The table reveals that Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) treated with
Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) when it comes to the perceptions of the
respondents show that Number 1 obtained a mean of 4.77 , a standard deviation
of 0.57 and verbally interpreted as “Very Much Comparable (VMC)’’.Number 2
obtained a mean of 4.55 , a standard deviation of 0.57 and verbally interpreted
as “Very Much Comparable (VMC)’’.Number 3 obtained a mean of 4.48 with 0.78
standard deviation and verbally interpreted as “Very Much Comparable
(VMC)’’.Number 4 obtained a mean of 4.60 with 0.72 standard deviation and
verbally interpreted as “Very Much Comparable (VMC)’’.Lastly , Number 5 having

a mean of 4.50 with standard deviation of 0.73 and verbally interpreted as “Very
Much Comparable (VMC)’’.
(GONOY) when it comes to the perceptions of the respondents show that
Number 1 obtained a mean of 4.24 , a standard deviation of 0.79 and verbally
interpreted as “Very Much Observed (VMO)’’. Number 2 with a weighted mean of
4.11 , a standard deviation of 0.69 and verbally interpreted as “Much Observed
(MO)’’.Number 3 obtained a mean of 4.08 with a 0.83 standard deviation and
verbally interpreted as “Much Observed (MO)’’.Number 4 have a mean of 4.17 , a
standard deviation of 0.76 and verbally interpreted as “Much Observed
(MO)’’.Lastly ,Number 5 obtained a mean of 4.00 with 0.80 standard deviation
and verbally interpreted as “Much Observed (MO)’’.
Observed (MO)”
The result implies that Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) treated with
Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) has the greatest effect on the quality of fruits in
terms of color. According to V.S Rao Organic herbicide are considered almost
synonymous with modern weed science technology as they gave a new direction
to the farmer to realize the maximum yield potential of the crop at lower
production cost, priorly never possible. This help in making more effective,
economical and safe recommendation for control of numerous weeds in different
crops.6
The Significant Difference on the Perception of the Respondents on the Quality

of Fruits Treated and Not Treated with Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) in Terms
of Texture,Taste, Scent and Color.
Table 7 shows the significant difference on the perception of the
respondents on the quality of fruits treated and not treated with Chromolaena
odorata (GONOY) in terms of texture, taste, scent and color.
Table 7
The Significant Difference on the Perception of the Respondents

on the Quality of Fruits Treated and Not Treated With
Texture, Taste, Scent and Color.
t df P-value Ho VI
Texture 3.54 29 .001 R S
Taste 3.92 29 .000 R S
Scent 3.96 29 .000 R S
Color 2.95 28 .006 R S
The table shows that there is significant difference on the perception of the
respondents on the quality of fruits treated and not treated with Chromolaena
odorata (GONOY) in terms of texture, taste, scent and color. Since the P-value of
.001, .000, .000, and .006 respectively exceeded .05 level of significance, thus
the null hypothesis is rejected.
The result implies that Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) treated with
Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) has a greatest effect on the quality of fruits in
terms of texture, taste, scent and color. According to Chris Boerboom Organic
Herbicides are amazing chemicals. Ideally expect herbicides to eliminate weeds
and protect crops from weed competition, without harming the crop.7
NOTE
1
Undergraduate Thesis, URS-Morong “The influence of Lactuca sativa
(Lettuce) on the yield performance of Chromolaena odorata (Gonoy) 2007”
2
http://sacramento.bizjournals.com/sacramento/stories/2008/06/16/daily46.html
3
http://soil.scijournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/32/2/222
4
http://www.arbico-organics.com/1453808.html
5
http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-172802477.html
6
http://jeq.scijournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/1/4/333
7
Chapter 4
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
This chapter presents the findings of the study, the conclusions based
from the result obtained and recommendations.
Summary of Findings
The summary of findings from the analysis of data and results obtained in
the previous chapter were hereby presented:
1. The growth performance of Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) treated and
not treated with Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) in terms of height, quality of
leaves, weight of fruits, and weeds grown in the area.
1.1 In terms of height, Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) treated with
Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) obtained a highest mean of
211.13. Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) not treated with
Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) obtained the lowest mean of
179.25.
1.2 In terms of Quality of leaves, Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) treated
with Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) obtained a highest mean of
89.98 and Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) not treated with
81.97.
1.3 In terms of weight of fruits, Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) treated
with Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) obtained a highest mean of
654.33. While Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) not treated with
624.33
1.4 In terms of weeds, Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) treated with
Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) has the greatest effect on the
rate of inhibition of weeds with a value of 61.08 for the mean and
1.95 for standard deviation.
2. The significant difference on the growth performance of Zea rugosa
(SWEET CORN) treated and not treated with Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) in
terms of height, quality of leaves, weight of fruits, and weeds grown in the area.
2.1 It was found out that there is significant difference on the growth
performance of Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) treated and not
treated with Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) in terms of height, as
revealed by the significance of .000 that was less than the .05
level of significance, therefore the null hypothesis is rejected.

2.2 It was found out that there is significant difference on the growth
performance of Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) treated and not
treated with Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) in terms of quality of
leaves, as revealed by the significance of .05 that is equal to .05
level of significance, thus the null hypothesis is rejected.
2.3 In terms of weight of fruits, it was found out that there is significant
difference on the growth performance of Zea rugosa (SWEET
CORN) treated and not treated with Chromolaena odorata
(GONOY) in terms of weight of fruits, as revealed by the
significance of .014 that was less than the .05 level of significance,
therefore the null hypothesis is rejected.
2.4 In terms of total number of weeds, it was found out that there is
significant difference on the growth performance of Zea rugosa
(SWEET CORN) treated and not treated with Chromolaena
odorata (GONOY) in terms of total number of weeds, as revealed
by the significance of .000 that was less than the .05 level of
significance, thus the null hypothesis is rejected.
3. The perception of the respondents on the quality of fruits when treated
and not treated with Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) in terms of texture, taste,
scent and color.
3.1 In terms of texture, Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) treated with
Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) obtained the highest general

mean 4.52 while Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) not treated with
Chromolaena odorata obtained the lowest general mean of 4.14.
3.2 In terms of taste, Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) treated with
mean 4.54 and Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) not treated with
3.3 In terms of scent, Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) treated with
3.4 In terms of color, Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) treated with
4. The significant difference on the perception of the respondents on the
(GONOY) in terms of texture, taste, scent and color.
4.1 It was found that there is significant difference on the perception of
the respondents on the quality of fruits when treated and not
treated with Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) in terms of texture,
since P-value of .001 respectively exceeded .05 level of

4.2 In terms of taste, it was found out that there is significant
difference on the perception of the respondents on the quality of
fruits when treated and not treated with Chromolaena odorata
(GONOY) in terms of taste, as revealed by the significance of .000
that was less than .05 level of significance, therefore the null
hypothesis is rejected.
4.3 It was found that there is significant difference on the perception of
the respondents on the quality of fruits when treated and not
treated with Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) in terms of scent,
since P-value of .000 respectively exceeded .05 level of
4.4 In terms of color, it was found out that there is significant
difference on the perception of the respondents on the quality of
fruits when treated and not treated with Chromolaena odorata
(GONOY) in terms of color, as revealed by the significance of .006
that was less than .05 level of significance, therefore the null
hypothesis is rejected.
Conclusion;
The growth performance of Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) when treated
with Chromolaena odorata in terms of height, quality of leaves, weight of fruits,
quality of fruits and weeds grown in the area was better.

Recommendations;
Based on the findings of the study, the following recommendations were
hereby suggested.
1. It is recommended that farmers should used Chromolaena odorata
(GONOY) herbicide in Sweet Corn planting.
2. Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) herbicide should be used for other
species of plant.
3. Further study should be conducted involving other uses of
Chromolaena odorata (GONOY).
4. Other researchers should conduct chemical analysis regarding
Chromolaena odorata (GONOY).

BIBLIOGRAPHY
A.Books
Manual of Weeds of Tobacco farms in the Philippines p.1
Technology and Home Economics by Ines Alcantara de Guzman and Cesar P.

Suratos p. 260
Arcelia M. Alfonso-Alejar et al. Fundamental of PLANT PHYSIOLOGY p. 52

In: Rizvi, S.J.H. and V. Rizvi. Allelopathy: Basic and Applied aspects. p.256-268
Philippine Constitution 1987
Carmelita M. Capco-Yang et.al Science and Technology BIOLOGY p.6-7
B. Dictionary
C. Encyclopedia
The World Encyclopedia Vol. 15 p. 516
The New Universal Library p. 318
The World Book Encyclopedia Vol. 9 p. 197

World Book Millennium 2000 p. 179
Grolier Encyclopedia of Knowledge p. 215
D. Web/Internet
www.wisegeek.com/what_are_some_natural_herbicides
http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/bpb/24/12/24_1373/_article/-char/en
http://www.census.gov.ph/Rizal/2007%20CP.htm
http://sacramento.bizjournals.com/sacramento/stories/2008/06/16/daily46.html
http://soil.scijournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/32/2/222
http://www.arbico-organics.com/1453808.html
http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-172802477.html
E. Journal
Pharmaceutical Biology (formerly International Journal of Pharmacognosy),

Volume 35, No. 2
F. Undergraduate Thesis
Undergraduate Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños”Phytochemical

Screening of Gonoy (Chromolaena Odorata) Leaves, its Antimicrobial and
Coagulative Properties”.
Undergraduate Thesis, URS-Morong “The influence of Lactuca sativa (Lettuce)

on the yield performance of Chromolaena odorata (Gonoy) 20007”
APPENDIX A
Material Used in the Study
Agricultural Tools
Blender
Tap water
Weighing Scale
Record Sheet
APPENDIX B
Sample Record Sheet for Height and Weight of Fruits
Treated with Gonoy
Plant Height Weight of fruits
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Sample Record Sheet for Height and Weight of Fruits

Not Treated with Gonoy
Plant Height Weight of fruits
9
10
11
12
13
Plant no. 3 14Plant no. 6 Plant no. 9 Plant no. 12 Plant no. 15
15
Sample Record Sheet for the Quality of Leaves

Treated with Gonoy
Sample Record Sheet for the Quality of Leaves

Not Treated with Gonoy
Plant no. 3 Plant no. 6 Plant no. 9 Plant no. 12 Plant no. 15
May June July
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th
Week Week Week Week Week Week Week Week Week Week Week
Seed 11-17 18-19 25-31 1-7 8-14 15-21 22-28 29-5 6-12 13-9 20-26
Planting
Bakis-
bakisan
Palmer
amaranth
Total no.
of Weeds
Sample Record Sheet for the Number of Weeds and Types of Weeds
Treated with Chromolaena odorata (GONOY)

Sample Record Sheet for the Number of Weeds and Types of Weeds
May June July
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th
Week Week Week Week Week Week Week Week Week Week Week
Seed 11-17 18-19 25-31 1-7 8-14 15-21 22-28 29-5 6-12 13-9 20-26
Planting
Bakis-
bakisan
Palmer
amaranth
Total no.
of Weeds
Not treated with Chromolaena odorata (GONOY)

APPENDIX C
Republic of the Philippines

UNIVERSITY OF RIZAL SYSTEM
Morong, Rizal
COLLEGE OF SCIENCE
Certificate of Content Validation
This is to certify that the following experts have validated the questionnaire
for the thesis entitled “The Growth Performance of Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN)
treated and not treated with Chromolaena odorata (GONOY)” by the following
researchers namely JAYRALYN A. MISA, ROSE ANN S. COLEMAN,
JEDDALYN M. EMPERADOR and RONA MAE AIRA P. QUISQUINO.
Experts Signature Date
Prof. Domingo S. Pantaleon ____________ ____________

Prof. Nenita L. Dela Cruz ____________ ____________
Prof. Aida M. Odi ____________ ____________
Prof. Ricardo R. Ariston ____________ ____________
Dr. Emma E. Linga ____________ ____________
Prof. Zenaida S. Angeles ____________ ____________
APPENDIX D
LETTER OF REQUEST TO THE RESPONDENTS

Morong, Rizal
College of Science
DEAR RESPONDENTS,
We are presently conducting a study entitled “THE GROWTH

PERFORMANCE OF Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) TREATED AND NOT
TREATED WITH Chromolaena odorata (GONOY)”. This study aimed to measure
the quality of sweet corn.
In this connection, we are appealing for your cooperation to fill up this

questionnaire-checklist. Rest assures that all information will be treated
confidentially.
Thank you very much and Godbless!
Very truly yours,
JAYRALYN A. MISA
ROSE ANN S. COLEMAN
RONA MAE AIRA P. QUISQUINO
Researchers
DR. EMMA E. LINGA
Adviser
APPENDIX E

Morong. Rizal
College of Science
QUESTIONNAIRE CHECKLIST
The Growth Performance of Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) treated and not treated
with Chromolaena odorata (GONOY)
Name: _________________________________
(Optional)
Please Check:
¨ Faculty
¨ Students
Directions: Rate the following statement to determine the quality of Zea rugosa
(SWEET CORN) treated and not treated with Chromolaena odorata (GONOY).
The following scale and verbal interpretations will used for the description.
Verbal Interpretations
Scale Treated with GONOY Not treated with GONOY
4.20 - 5.00 VMC- Very Much VMO- Very Much
Comparable Observed
3.40 - 4.19 MC- Much Comparable MO- Much Observed
2.60 - 3.39 C -Comparable O- Observed
1.80 - 2.59 LC- Less Comparable LO- Less Observed
1.00 - 1.79 NC- Not Comparable NO- Not Observed
The harvested corn
which is treated
and not treated with
Chromolaena
odorata (GONOY). (Treated) (Not treated)
In terms of;
A. Texture 5 4 3 2 1 5 4 3 2 1
(VMC) (MC) (C) (LC) (NC) (VMO) (MO) (O) (LO) (NO)
1. Kernel or grains
of the corn is
perfectly arranged.
2. The corn is full of
kernel without any
space.
3. Kernel or grains
of the corn is
tender and firm.
4. Kernel or grains
of corn is juicy.
5. Kernel or grains
of corn is smooth.
(Treated) (Not treated)

B. Taste of kernel 5 4 3 2 1 5 4 3 2 1
or grains.
1. Kernel or grains
of the corn is
sweet.
2. The taste lingers
in your mouth.
3. The corn is
delicious.
4. Appeals to the
sense of taste.
5. The taste is
great.
C. Scent 5 4 3 2 1 5 4 3 2 1
1. The aroma is
very sweet.
2. The smell is
very tempting.
3. Smells good.
4. It has a very
pleasant and
attractive scent.
5. The scent is
acceptable.
D. Color 5 4 3 2 1 5 4 3 2 1
1. Kernel or
grains of the
corn is yellow.
2. The color is
very tempting.
3. The color of
the corn treated
with Gonoy is
comparable with
the corn treated
without Gonoy.
4. The color is
very attractive
and pleasant to
the eyes.
5. The color is
bright and shiny.
The Researchers
APPENDIX F
Nov.
Dec.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
Jun.
Aug.
May
Jan.
Jul.
Sept.
Oct.
Activities
Planning Period
Title Defense
Preparing
Chapters 1 and
2
Colloquium
Revision of
Chapters 1 and
2
Preparation of
materials
needed in the
Experimentation
Experimentation
and
Observation
Computation,
Analysis, and
Interpretation of
Data
Preparing
Chapters 3 and
4
Oral Defense
Revision of the
Final Output of
the Study
Book Binding
Gantt Chart Of Activities Of The Growth Performance of Zea rugosa (SWEET

CORN) treated and not treated with Chromolaena odorata (GONOY)

Study About Chromolaena Odorata (GONOY)

Загружено:

Сведения о документе

Исходное описание:

Оригинальное название

Авторское право

Доступные форматы

Поделиться этим документом

Поделиться или встроить документ

Параметры публикации

Этот документ был вам полезен?

Это неприемлемый материал?

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

Study About Chromolaena Odorata (GONOY)

Загружено:

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

THE GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) TREATED

AND NOT TREATED WITH Chromolaena odorata (GONOY)

to the Faculty of College of Science

University of Rizal System

of the Requirements for the Degree

Bachelor of Science in Biology

This thesis entitled THE GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF Zea rugosa

(SWEET CORN) TREATED AND NOT TREATED WITH Chromolaena odorata

(GONOY) has been prepared and submitted in partial fulfillment of the

requirements for the degree Bachelor of Science in Biology by JAYRALYN A.

MISA, and JEDDALYN M. EMPERADOR, who are hereby recommended for

corresponding oral examination.

________________ EMMA E. LINGA, Ed.D.

Approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Bachelor

of Science in Biology by the Oral Examination Committee.

ZENAIDA S. ANGELES RICARDO R. ARISTON

Accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Bachelor

________________ VALENTINA R. CATMUNAN, Ph.D

unselfishly rendered a part of them toward the accomplishment of this study.

Dr.RENEECILIA B. PAZ DE LEON, Chancellor, University of Rizal System

Morong, for allowing the researchers to perform the study.

Dr.VALENTINA R. CATMUNAN, Dean, College of Science, for granting

the approval of this study.

encouragement for the improvement of this work.

Prof. ZENAIDA S. ANGELES, their critic, for the comment, suggestions

and recommendation towards the improvement of this study.

Prof. RICARDO R. ARISTON, their statistician, for providing valuable

suggestion ideas and guidance in pursuing this study.

Prof. DOMINGO S. PANTALEON, their research professor, for his pieces

of advice and words of encouragement that inspired the researchers.

wisdom and strength showered upon the researchers.

We would like to dedicate this piece of

TITLE: THE GROWTH PERORMANCE OF Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN)

COURSE AND ACADEMIC YEAR: Bachelor of Science in Biology

Type of Document: Undergraduate Thesis

Number of pages: 97 pages

Name and Address of University: University of Rizal System

The study is entitled The Growth Performance of Zea rugosa (SWEET

CORN) Treated and Not Treated with Chromolaena odorata (GONOY).

The study was conducted to determine the growth performance of Zea

(GONOY). Two different treatments were used Treatment A-treated with

odorata (GONOY), to determine the growth performance of Zea rugosa (SWEET

weeds growing in the area.

This study was conducted at the University of Rizal System Morong

Questionnaire-checklist was used to gather data and information about the

interpretation of the documents obtained from the respondents.

This study used the experimental method of research in determining the

effect of Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) as an alternative organic herbicide to

difference on growth performance of Zea rugosa (SWEET CORN) treated and

respondents in terms of texture, taste, scent and color.

(GONOY) in terms of height, quality of leaves, weight of fruits, and weeds

also revealed that there is significant difference on the perception of the

recommended that farmers should used Chromolaena odorata (GONOY)

herbicide in Sweet Corn planting, Chromolaena odorata (GONOY) herbicide

involving other uses of Chromolaena odorata (GONOY), other researchers

should conduct chemical analysis regarding Chromolaena odorata (GONOY).

TABLE OF CONTENTS……………………………………………………. viii

LIST OF FIGURES…………………………………………………………. xiii

1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Background and Purpose of the Study…………… 1

Statement of the Problem………………………….. 10

3 THE PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION