CPDLC Atn Vdlm2 Tutorial

CPDLC/ATN/VDLm2 Tutorial
Safety in the Air 2009 Montego Bay, Jamaica, January 28-29, 2009 Patrick Geurts ATM Business Development Manager, Europe
Agenda
Introduction CPDLC ATN VDLm2 Synthesis
Safety in the Air | January 28-29, 2009 | 2
SITA proprietary and confidential information. SITA 2008 All rights reserved.
Objectives of this Tutorial

Data Links are used for year for tower and en-route applications, based on the dating ACARS protocols The European Union has mandated the use of CPDLC/ATN/VDLm2 in its upper airspace by 2013 This tutorial will address:
The CPDLC application The ATN protocols The VDLm2 A/G data link technology
Agenda
FANS story
FANS 1 Committee
1980: Limitations of current system identified 1983: FANS 1 Committee established to develop CNS/ATM system for 21st Century 1988: Satellite-based CNS/ATM concept complete
FANS 11 Committee
Defines a global CNS/ATM Implementation Plan 1990: First FANS 11 Committee meeting 1991: Concept endorsed by ANC
Equipage
1993 : Boeing FANS applications in the Honeywell FMS installed on the B747-400 (FANS/1) 1995 : First B747-400 certified (Quantas) 2000 : Airbus develops the ATSU supporting FANS application for A340/A330 (FANS/A) 2005 : Boeing and Airbus develop the FANS 1/A+ enhancement package
FANS 1/A applications
AFN (ATS Facilities Notification)
Allows aircraft to logon to ATC facility & the transfer of control Replaces for verbal ATC instructions and pilots read-backs Automates ATC processes Gives accurate position reporting Allows additional data reporting (wind, temperature etc) Providers reporting in regions out of radar coverage Significantly increases traffic that can be handled in remote areas
CPDLC (Controller Pilot Data Link Communications)

ADS (Automatic Dependent Surveillance)

The AFN application

AFN stands for Aircraft Facility Notification. AFN is the FANS equivalent service as the ICAO defined as Context Management (CM). Referred to as Data link Initiation Capability (DLIC) Service in Link2000+ terminology. AFN process is made of several steps. The aircraft logs on to a Facility (CM logon request) The Facility Ground System checks if the aircraft is entitled to logon, and responds either positively or negatively. When necessary, the Facility Ground System will request the aircraft to logon to the next sector. The aircraft will notify when the next logon is completed.
FANS applications Context Management
CM Logon Response
CM Logon Request
FANS applications - CM forward
1 - CM Logon Forward
2 - CM Logon Request
4 - CM Logon Complete
3 - CM Logon Response
The CPDLC application

CPDLC stands for Controller Pilot Data Link Communication. Referred to as Air Traffic Clearance (ACL) Service in the Link2000+ terminology CPDLC application consists for the controller and the pilot the exchange ATC requests and instructions over datalink rather than the VHF or HF radio. CPDLC enables the automation of routine communication (e.g transfer of control). CPLDC programs on going in the NAT and SoPAC (FANS), as well as USA and Europe (ATN). There are differences between the FANS and the ATN definition of the CDPLC application.
FANS applications - CPDLC
WILCO CLIMB TO FL370
Example of CPDLC: Controller HMI
Example of CPDLC: Pilot HMI
Sending a CPDLC request: Airbus DCDU HMI
Wilco: Airbus DCDU HMI
Agenda
ATN Original Architecture
BUT: ATN has never developed into a general purpose network Limited to support ATC Air/Ground data link applications, in particular CPDLC over VDLm2, as mandated in Europe
Support for Mobile Communications

The ATN architecture:

Supports mobile routing to aircraft Supports ground-ground fixed routing Covers air/ground mobile subnets

Subnetwork must be bit-oriented Data Compression for efficient use of limited bandwidth
In practice:
VDL mode 2 used over high-density traffic regions VDL mode 2 is digital and offers 31.5 kbps compared to 2.4 kbps for Plain Old Analogue ACARS
ATN Protocol Stack

END SYSTEM INTERMEDIATE SYSTEM
END SYSTEM
Application Management Presentation Session
Application Management Presentation Session Transport Network Data Link Physical
Transport Network Data Link
Network Data Link Physical
Physical
Physical Communications Media
ATN as an Internetwork
ATM Application ATM Application
ES IS IS IS IS IS
ATN Internet
ES
IS
ATN
ES
ATM Application
ES
ATM Application
ATN Encapsulation: example for AMHS

Layer 7: APDU
RTSE APDU RTSE APDU ROSE APDU ROSE APDU ROSE APDU ROSE APDU ROSE APDU ROSE APDU P1 Header P1 Header P1 Header P1 Header P1 Header P1 Header P1 Header P22 IPM P22 IPM P22 IPM P22 IPM P22 IPM P22 IPM P22 IPM
F C S
Layer 6, 5: Fast Byte
FB
Layer 4: TP4 TPDU

NPDU Header
RTSE TPDU FB Header APDU RTSE TPDU FB Header APDU RTSE TPDU FB Header APDU RTSE TPDU FB Header APDU ROSE APDU
Layer 3a: CLNP NPDU Layer 3B: Convergence Layer 3a: X.25 Packet
... P M P (R) bit (S)
NPDU Header NPDU Header
Layer 2: LAPB Frame

Flag A D R Ctrl ... P M P (R) bit (S)
NPDU Header
RTSE TPDU FB Header APDU
Flag
End System
End System
ATN End System support:

Application ASEs
APPLICATION ASEs FAST BYTE PRESENTATION SESSION
one per application
FAST BYTE Session & Presentation Layers CO & CL Transport Layer CL Network Layer
COTP/CLTP CLNP Data Link Physical

SUBNETWORK
Intermediate System
IS can be:
Air/Ground Ground/Ground Airborne
Intermediate System (ATN Router)

CLNP IDRP ES-IS
SNDCFMOBILE
CLNP
SNDCF SNAcP Data Link Physical
ISs support:
CL Network Layer Mobile SNDCF IDRP ES IS Routing
SNAcP Data Link Physical
subnetwork
mobile subnetwork
Support for Mobility: the ATN Concept

Aircraft A ERD Non-ATN RD
Aircraft B ERD
ATN TRD
ATN Backbone
ATN TRD
ATN TRD
Fixed ATN ERD
Fixed ATN ERD
Home RD for airline B
Route to all aircraft Specific Route to A Specific Route to B
Ground Routing Aggregation

North-American ATN Island
Prefix= 47B14201
TRD
European ATN Island

Prefix= 47B13701
Prefix= 47B14202
47B1420201 47B1420202 TRD
Prefix= 47B13702
TRD
Route to 47B137
TRD
47B1370201
47B1370202
Prefix= 47B14203
Fixed ERD
Route to 47B142
Fixed ERD
Prefix= 47B13703
Prefix=47B142
Prefix=47B137
The SITA ATN Service Architecture
Note SATCOM has currently not been validated.
Agenda
Reminder: ACARS-based Data Link
ACARS MU VHF
Ground Data Network
GES
RGS
ACC Airlines Operations Centre
SITAs DSP
ACARS Status
Strength
Globally available Large fleet of equipped aircraft, standard equipage in new airframes Strong support for AOC application
Weaknesses
Low data rate: Max throughput is 300 bps Near capacity saturation Quality of Service less suitable for ATM applications
New data link technology required for ATS: VDLm2

VDL Mode 2
Standardised
ICAO SARPs Originally proposed in May 1994 Adopted in March 1996 Published in Nov 1997 Adjacent channel emissions modification in March 2000
Provides 31.5 kbps data rate

Uses Differential 8-Phase Shift Keying
VDL Mode 2 Modulation

2) Bitstream is grouped Into 3-bit symbols 4) Pulse shaping
1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0
Raised Cosine Filter
1) Bit scrambling applied: clock recovery
3) One of 8 phase changes Selected for transmission: Difference between current and previous phases
Symbol transmission rate is 10.5 kps, 3 bit per symbol = 31.5 kbps
VDLm2 Protocol Layers
8208 AVLC D8PSK
8208 AVLC D8PSK
DTE
DCE
AVLC Specifics

CSMA = Multipoint Configuration Frames

XID used for Data Link C Establishment & Management I, RR & SREJ for Normal Data Transfer UI for Broadcast Data Transfer DISC for Data Link Termination FRMR, DM & UA for Protocol Errors
C C C
The GSIF
Periodically Transmitted by Ground Station Announces Ground Stations Existence and Capabilities Conveys Optional Function Support Timer Values Frequencies Supported Airport Coverage Nearest Airport ID ATN Router NETs Ground Station Location Service Operator Identity (Implicit in Source Address)
VDLm2 Data Link Establishment
GSIF

LE always Air Initiated Aircraft VME sees GSIF Aircraft issue a LE command in a XID frame Ground stations returns a LE Response in a XID Frame
XID_CMD_LE
XID_RSP_LE
MAC, AVLC, 8208

Media Access Control

Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA) No prioritisation Any user can transmit at any time
Data Link Control

Aviation VHF Link Control (AVLC) Detect and recover from transmission error Source/Destination identification Link use management
ISO 8208
Virtual Circuits (multiple concurrent data streams) End-to-end error control and flow control
VGS Technology
Antenna (up to 4 antennas)
Each radio should be configurable to handle ACARS or VDL Mode 2 VHF Data Radios (VDR) VHF Ground Computer (VGC)
Ground Network
GPS source
Local maintenance
Remote Maintenance
Power Supply
Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS)
Agenda
Summary: Subnetwork Connection Establishment

Airborne Router Airborne VDL GSIF
XID_CMD_LE
VDL Ground Station
Air/Ground Router
Join
8208 Call Request
XID_RSP_LE
8208 Call Request
I-Frame
o 8208 Call C
nfirm
I-Frame
onfirm 8208 Call C
Summary: IDRP and Transport Connection

FM System Airborne Router
Open BISPDU (in 8208 packet)
Airborne VDL
I-Frame
VDL Ground Station
Air/Ground Router
FEP
Open BISPDU (in 8208 packet) Open BISPDU (in 8208 packet)
PDU (in Open BIS ket) 8208 pac
I-Frame
Update BISPDU (in 8208 packet)

ISPDU (in Update B ket) 8208 pac
I-Frame
Update BISPDU (in 8208 packet)
I-Frame
update BISPDU (in 8208 packet)
CR TPDU (in CLNP packet)
8208 Data
I-Frame
8208 Data 8208 Data
CR TPDU (in CLNP packet) CC TPDU
CC TPDU (in CLNP packet)
8208 Data
I-Frame

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CPDLC/ATN/VDLm2 Tutorial

Introduction CPDLC ATN VDLm2 Synthesis

Safety in the Air | January 28-29, 2009 | 2

Objectives of this Tutorial

Safety in the Air | January 28-29, 2009 | 3

Introduction CPDLC ATN VDLm2 Synthesis

Safety in the Air | January 28-29, 2009 | 4

Safety in the Air | January 28-29, 2009 | 5

FANS 1/A applications

AFN (ATS Facilities Notification)

CPDLC (Controller Pilot Data Link Communications)

ADS (Automatic Dependent Surveillance)

Safety in the Air | January 28-29, 2009 | 6

The AFN application

Safety in the Air | January 28-29, 2009 | 7

FANS applications Context Management

Safety in the Air | January 28-29, 2009 | 8

FANS applications - CM forward

Safety in the Air | January 28-29, 2009 | 9

The CPDLC application

FANS applications - CPDLC

WILCO CLIMB TO FL370

Safety in the Air | January 28-29, 2009 | 11

Example of CPDLC: Controller HMI

Safety in the Air | January 28-29, 2009 | 12

Example of CPDLC: Pilot HMI

Safety in the Air | January 28-29, 2009 | 13

Sending a CPDLC request: Airbus DCDU HMI

Safety in the Air | January 28-29, 2009 | 14

Wilco: Airbus DCDU HMI

Safety in the Air | January 28-29, 2009 | 15

Introduction CPDLC ATN VDLm2 Synthesis

Safety in the Air | January 28-29, 2009 | 16

ATN Original Architecture

Safety in the Air | January 28-29, 2009 | 17

Support for Mobile Communications

The ATN architecture:

Safety in the Air | January 28-29, 2009 | 18

ATN Protocol Stack

Application Management Presentation Session

Application Management Presentation Session Transport Network Data Link Physical

Transport Network Data Link

Network Data Link Physical

Physical Communications Media

Safety in the Air | January 28-29, 2009 | 19

Safety in the Air | January 28-29, 2009 | 20

ATN Encapsulation: example for AMHS

Layer 6, 5: Fast Byte

Layer 4: TP4 TPDU

NPDU Header NPDU Header

Layer 2: LAPB Frame

RTSE TPDU FB Header APDU

Safety in the Air | January 28-29, 2009 | 21

ATN End System support:

APPLICATION ASEs FAST BYTE PRESENTATION SESSION

one per application

COTP/CLTP CLNP Data Link Physical

Safety in the Air | January 28-29, 2009 | 22

Intermediate System (ATN Router)

SNDCF SNAcP Data Link Physical

SNAcP Data Link Physical

Safety in the Air | January 28-29, 2009 | 23