RIBASIM Version 6.

33 exercises

Delft Hydraulics

RIBASIM River Basin Schematization Exercises Version 1.0

Wil N.M. van der Krogt

www.wldelft.nl/soft/ribasim

August 2007

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Delft Hydraulics

Table of contents
Introduction............................................................................................................... 3 Exercise 1 : pump station........................................................................................... 8 Exercise 2 : city and waste water treatment plant ....................................................... 9 Exercise 3 : natural river...........................................................................................10 Exercise 4 : sw irrigation ..........................................................................................11 Exercise 5 : hydro-power plant .................................................................................12 Exercise 6 : sw and gw irrigation..............................................................................13 Exercise 7 : swamp...................................................................................................14 Exercise 8 : sw reservoir...........................................................................................15 Exercise 9 : sw and gw irrigation..............................................................................16 Exercise 10 : natural lake and sw irrigation...............................................................17 Exercise 11 : swamp.................................................................................................18

Figures
Figure 1 RIBASIM node and link types and their symbols......................................... 3

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Introduction
This exercise shows several actual example situations which we have modelled with RIBASIM in previous river basin studies. You have to prepare a schematization for each of the example situations. RIBASIM supports several node and link (branch, connection) types which are outlined in Figure 1 and are described below.

Figure 1 RIBASIM node and link types and their symbols.

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RIBASIM

distinguishes the following node types (there are no different types of links):

Lay-out nodes:

Fixed and variable inflow node

Terminal node

Confluence node Bifurcation node Water district node

Dummy node Natural retention node

Waste water treatment plant node

The inflow node represents the upstream boundary of the system where water enters the network. This inflow is specified as a time series. Two types of inflow node are available the fixed and variable. For the fixed inflow node an annual time series is used for each simulation year. For the variable inflow node The terminal node reflects the downstream boundary of the system where water leaves the network. This node may be connected to a (fixed or variable) inflow node representing a delay of one simulation time step and which is used to represent loops. The confluence node represents the location where various river tributaries, canals and/or pipelines join. This node prescribes the distribution of incoming flow over various downstream links. A node representing upstream sub-catchments in which rainfed and irrigated agriculture, and domestic and industrial water users are identified which are supplied from rainfall and/or from the available local runoff. For the computation of the water demands for irrigated agriculture the model AGWAT is used. The impact of the water allocation to agriculture in terms of crop yield and production costs is computed with the model WADIS. The AGWAT and WADIS models are embedded in RIBASIM. A dummy (recording) node is used to represent specific flow gauging stations in the network. The Natural retention (NRT) node represents the natural purification of polluting substances in the basin surface and sub-surface water. The Waste water treatment plant (WWTP) node represents a plant where waste water is purified (atificial purification).

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Demand nodes (also called "activity nodes"):

The irrigation node reflects the water demand for irrigated agriculture. Three types are distinguished: the fixed, the variable and the advanced irrigation nodes. The difference consists in the level of detail in which the deamnd computations are carried out. Most simple procedure is the fixed irrigation node where only the net demand is specified. For variable irrigation nodes the gross demand is specified and the actual rainfall is explicitly taking into account. At the advanced irrigation nodes the most detailed procedure is applied where the cropping pattern and crop and irrigation practise characteristics is specified. For this node type the model AGWAT is used to compute the demand and the WADIS model is used to compute crop yield and production costs. The AGWAT and WADIS models are embedded in RIBASIM. Fishpond and brackish This node represents aquaculture activities. Two node fish pond node types are used. At the (general) fish pond node an explicit flushing requirement is specified. For the brackish fishpond node the FISHWAT model is used to compute the demand based on crop characteristics and flushing practise. The WADIS model is used to compute the brackish fishpond yield and production costs. The FISHWAT and WADIS models are embedded in RIBASIM. Public water supply node This node symbolises the demand for public water supply, generally comprising demands for domestic, municipal and industrial purposes. Loss flow node This node represents a location where water disappears from the system else than through a demand or activity node (e.g. by leakage to groundwater). A time series of loss flows is explicitly connected to this node. The loss flow may flow into a groundwater reservoir node. Low flow node This node is used to specify minimum flow requirements, for example in view of maintaining a certain ambient water quality or a certain minimum water level in a canal (to allow navigation or the intake of water for irrigation purposes). General district node This node represent a location where a districts net water extraction and discharge are connected to the network as a time series of demands and discharges computed outside RIBASIM. Groundwater district A comprehensive node including public water supply, node irrigation and local groundwater storage.

Fixed, variable and advanced irrigation node

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Control nodes:

Diversion node

Surface water reservoir node

Groundwater reservoir node

Pumping node Run-of-river node Link storage node

Surface water reservoir partition node

The diversion node reflects a location where water is diverted from a river or a canal to satisfy downstream demands along the diverted links. This node reflects a surface water storage facility in the water resources system allowing to store and release water in a controlled way over time, usually also including a hydropower generation facility (turbines). This node reflects a groundwater aquifer (reservoir) in the water resources system. Water users abstract water from this aquifer depending the groundwater level and pumping capacity. Also water is flowing out of the aquifer and out of the system via the outflow links or to another groundwater aquifer via lateral flows. The groundwater aquifer is filled up by groundwater recharge and groundwater lateral flows. A node where water is pumped to a user or a link. Only the consumed energy is computed. Run-of-river nodes represent hydropower generation facilities without water storage capacity. This node represents storage in a river or canal section as a function of the flow described by the Manning formula or a Q-h relation. This node represents part of a surface water reservoir (applied only for reservoir water quality analysis). The total storage of the reservoir is separated over the various partitions.

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Links: Groundwater recharge flow link Groundwater abstraction link Groundwater lateral flow link This link represents a flow into the groundwater aquifer (reservoir). This links represents a flow directly pumped from the groundwater aquifer (reservoir) by water users. This link represents a flow between a groundwater aquifer and another groundwater reservoir, surface water reservoir or link storage node. The flow is a function of the water level difference between the two water bodies. This link represents a flow from the groundwater aquifer out of the system or to the surface water network. The flow is a function of the groundwater level. This link represents an intake structure (gate) and canal. The flow is diverted from the main river to the canal. This link represents a connection between two nodes for surface water flow. This link represents an intake structure and canal at a surface water reservoir. The flow is directly coming from the reservoir. This link represents a flow from a bifurcation in the main river. The flow is a function of the upstream flow.

Groundwater outflow link Diverted flow link Surface water flow link Reservoir backwater flow link Bifurcated flow link

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Exercise 1 : pump station

Description : At a river a pump station is located which is pumping water out of the river into a canal to supply an irrigation area.

IRR

canal

river

E070820d

pump

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Exercise 2 : city and waste water treatment plant

Description : A city is loacted near the river. DMI demand of the city is supplied from an aquifer. The sewage of the city is first collected and distributed to a waste water treatment plant for purification before it drains on the river.

city

WWTP
elin e
E070820k

GW pump

pip

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Exercise 3 : natural river

Description : Three upstream river branches are flowing together flwoing downstream as one branch. More downstream the river is split into two branches.

E070820a

10

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Exercise 4 : sw irrigation
Description : A weir with two intake gates is located in the river where water is diverted into two primary canals. One primary canal is supplying water for DMI and the other primary canal is further supplying various irrigation areas. Several secondary canals are split more downstream from the primary canal.

IRR

DM

IRR

IRR
gate weir

E070820b

11

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Exercise 5 : hydro-power plant

Description : At the river a hydro-power station is located. The weir is used to divert the water to the power station intake. Further downstream a weir is located in the river with an intake to a canal which diverts water the neighbouring river basin (inter basin transfer of water).

er oth to in bas
gate weir hydro-power plant

E070820g

12

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Exercise 6 : sw and gw irrigation

Description : At a river a weir and intake gate to an irrigation canal is located to supply an irrigation area. In the irrigation area also pumps are used for irrigation. The groundwater is pumped up from a local aquifer. The irrigation area is draining on the river.

IRR

E070820e

gate weir local GW pump

dra

in

13

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Exercise 7 : swamp
Description : At a location of the river the water is widely spread over a huge area so a huge swamp is created. Water is evaporating from the swamp and rainfall is feeding the the swamp as well. More downstream the river is forming again where a minor flow is going downstream with time delay. For example Bahr El Ghazal swamp in the Upper Nile river basin.

swamp

E070820m

14

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Exercise 8 : sw reservoir
Description : A reservoir with a dam and a hydro-power station is located in a river. Various river branches are feeding the reservoir. The spillway gate is located at a branch of the reservoir flowing to a depression. A pump station is located to feed a canal to an irrigation area. For example Lake Nasser, Toshka irrigation and the High Aswan Dam (Egypt).

er

r iv
river

IRR

reservoir
spillway
n essio depr
riv er

E070820c

dam gate pump hydro-power plant

15

river

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Exercise 9 : sw and gw irrigation

Description : At each of the two river branches a weir and intake gate is located feeding irrigation area IRR1 and IRR2. Beside the river also groundwater is used for irrigation as pumps are present in the irrigation areas. Groundwater is abstracted using the pumps from a basin wide aquifer. Both irrigation schemes drain on the river.

IRR 1
drain
dra in

IRR 2

E070820f

gate weir GW pump

16

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Exercise 10 : natural lake and sw irrigation

Description : AT a natural lake two irrigation areas IRR1 and IRR2 are directly supplied from the lake. The intake of IRR1 is a pump station and of IRR2 is an intake gate. Further IRR1 is draining directly on the lake while IRR2 is draining in the river downstream from the lake.

IRR 2
dr a in

LAKE

IRR 1
dr a i n

E070820h

gate pump

17

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Exercise 11 : swamp
Description : During most the year the river is just flowing within its river bed. But during the rainy season such high peak flows are paasing that the river banks are overtopped, the area is flooded and the water is widely spread over a wide area so a huge swamp is created beside the river. Water is evaporating from the swamp and rainfall is feeding the swamp. Natural drains are created from where minor water flows slowly back to the river. For example the Sudd swamp in the Upper Nile river basin.

swamp

natural drain natural drain

river

E070820n

18