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Chapter 1 1.1 Introduction of ICICI Bank Ltd

ICICI Bank is India's largest private sector bank with total assets of Rs.5, ICICI Bank was originally promoted in 1994 by ICICI Limited, an Indian financial institution, and was its wholly-owned subsidiary. ICICI's shareholding in ICICI Bank was reduced to 46% through a public offering of shares in India in fiscal 1998, an equity offering in the form of ADRs listed on the NYSE in fiscal 2000, ICICI Bank's acquisition of Bank of Madura Limited in an allstock amalgamation in fiscal 2001, and secondary market sales by ICICI to institutional investors in fiscal 2001 and fiscal 2002. ICICI was formed in 1955 at the initiative of the World Bank, the Government of India and representatives of Indian industry. The principal objective was to create a development financial institution for providing medium-term and long-term project financing to Indian businesses. In the 1990s, ICICI transformed its business from a development financial institution offering only project finance to a diversified financial services group offering a wide variety of products and services, both directly and through a number of subsidiaries and affiliates like ICICI Bank. In 1999, ICICI become the first Indian company and the first bank or financial institution from non-Japan Asia to be listed on the NYSE. After consideration of various corporate structuring alternatives in the context of the emerging competitive scenario in the Indian banking industry, and the move towards universal banking, the managements of ICICI and ICICI Bank formed the view that the merger of ICICI with ICICI Bank would be the optimal strategic alternative for both entities, and would create the optimal legal structure for the ICICI group's universal banking strategy. The merger would enhance value for ICICI shareholders through the merged entity's access to low-cost deposits, greater opportunities for earning fee-based income and the ability to participate in the payments system and provide transaction-banking services. The merger would enhance value for ICICI Bank shareholders through a large capital base and scale of operations, seamless access to ICICI's strong corporate relationships built up over five

decades, entry into new business segments, higher market share in various business segments, particularly fee-based services, and access to the vast talent pool of ICICI and its subsidiaries. In October 2001, the Boards of Directors of ICICI and ICICI Bank approved the merger of ICICI and two of its wholly-owned retail finance subsidiaries, ICICI Personal Financial Services Limited and ICICI Capital Services Limited, with ICICI Bank. The merger was approved by shareholders of ICICI and ICICI Bank in January 2002, by the High Court of Gujarat at Ahmedabad in March 2002, and by the High Court of Judicature at Mumbai and the Reserve Bank of India in April 2002. Consequent to the merger, the ICICI group's financing and banking operations, both wholesale and retail, have been integrated in a single entity. ICICI Bank is India's second-largest bank with total assets of Rs.4,062.34 billion ($91 billion) at March 31, 2011 and profit after tax Rs. 51.51 billion ($1,155 million) for the year ended March 31, 2011. The Bank has a network of 2,535 branches and 6,810 ATMs in India, and has a presence in 19 countries, including India. ICICI Bank offers a wide range of banking products and financial services to corporate and retail customers through a variety of delivery channels and through its specialised subsidiaries in the areas of investment banking, life and non-life insurance, venture capital and asset management.

The Bank currently has subsidiaries in the United Kingdom, Russia and Canada, branches in United States, Singapore, Bahrain, Hong Kong, Sri Lanka, Qatar and Dubai International Finance Centre and representative offices in United Arab Emirates, China, South Africa, Bangladesh, Thailand, Malaysia and Indonesia. Their UK subsidiary has established branches in Belgium and Germany.

ICICI Bank's equity shares are listed in India on Bombay Stock Exchange and the National Stock Exchange of India Limited and its American Depositary Receipts (ADRs) are listed on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE).367.95 billion (US$ 99 billion) at March 31, 2013 and profit after tax Rs. 83.25 billion (US$ 1,533 million) for the year ended March 31, 2013. The Bank has a network of 3,382 branches and 10,943 ATMs in India, and has a presence in 19 countries, including India. ICICI Bank offers a wide range of banking products and financial services to corporate and retail customers through a variety of delivery channels and through its specialised subsidiaries in the areas of investment banking, life and non-life insurance, venture capital and asset management.

The Bank currently has subsidiaries in the United Kingdom, Russia and Canada, branches in United States, Singapore, Bahrain, Hong Kong, Sri Lanka, Qatar and Dubai International Finance Centre and representative offices in United Arab Emirates, China, South Africa, Bangladesh, Thailand, Malaysia and Indonesia. Our UK subsidiary has established branches in Belgium and Germany.

ICICI Bank's equity shares are listed in India on Bombay Stock Exchange and the National Stock Exchange of India Limited and its American Depositary Receipts (ADRs) are listed on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE).

1.2Products & Services provided by the ICICI Bank

Deposits and Accounts ICICI Bank Privilege Banking has a range of accounts and deposits to cater to your

unique banking needs. Our extensive branch & ATM network along with mobile, phone, internet and doorstep banking, make your banking experience the best.

Types of Accounts offerings:

Titanium Privilege Savings Account Gold Privilege Savings Account Fixed Deposit Recurring Deposits Current Accounts Family Banking

Credit and Debit Cards Enjoy rewards and privileges along with unmatched convenience when you sign up

for any ICICI Bank Credit or Debit Card.

Types of Credit & Debit Cards offerings:

Titanium Debit Card Gold Debit Card

Rubyx Credit Card

Loans At ICICI Bank Privilege Banking, we offer you a wide range of loan products to help

you achieve your dreams. Quick, convenient and hassle-free access to car, home and personal loans mean you can get financing when you need it.

Types of Loan offerings:

Home Loan Car Loan Personal Loan

Investments To secure the financial future for your family and you, an appropriate range of

investments is critical. At ICICI Bank Privilege Banking, we offer you various investment options to help you build your wealth for self and for future generations.

Types of Investment Offerings:

ICICI Bank Pure Gold Foreign Exchange Services Public Provident Fund Account Mutual Funds

Insurance At ICICI Bank Privilege Banking, we help you to protect what is important to you.

Our range of third party insurance products covers everything from your health and life, to your home and travels. Enjoy peace of mind and unmatched convenience with insurance products facilitated by ICICI Bank.

Types of Insurance offerings:

Life Insurance Health Insurance Complete Health Insurance Policy Health Care Plus

Critical Care Personal Protect Insurance Policy Home Insurance Car Insurance Two Wheeler Insurance

Value-added Services Value - added services of ICICI Bank like Internet Banking, iMobile, Bill Pay, e-

Locker makes your banking simpler, faster, more convenient. Through these services you can do your day today banking anytime, anywhere.

Types of value-added services:

e-Locker Internet Banking iMobile Bill Pay

1.3 Portfolio Management in ICICI Bank

Portfolio Management Services (PMS) is a sophisticated investment vehicle that offers a range of specialised investment strategies to capitalise on opportunities in the market. ICICI Portfolio Management Services provides solutions for the investment needs of select clientele, through focused portfolios.

ICICI AMC was the first institutional participant to offer Portfolio Management Services to HNIs and Institutions in India, in the year 2000. We have a successful track record of over 10 years of experience in offering Portfolio Management Services and today our strong base of over 7,000 PMS clients stands testament to the quality and value of our services.

Our aim -is to create a portfolio that suits your requirements; therefore we will first seek to understand a clients needs and investment objectives, and on that basis offer a portfolio that best suits these needs and objectives.

Personalized Advice Experienced Fund Managers give you sound investment advice and strategies that

help you invest smartly. You get the best fund managers in the industry who craft customized stock portfolios that work wonders. With PMS products distributed by ICICI Bank you get:

More choice in terms of portfolios to suit individual client needs and risk appetite Ability to structure products that meet specific investment objectives Choice of alternate investment products that were traditionally available to the very wealthy

Professional Management PMS products distributed by ICICI Bank combine the benefits of professional money

management with the flexibility, control and potential tax advantages of owning individual stocks or other securities. The Portfolio Managers take care of all the administrative aspects of your portfolio with a monthly or semiannual reporting on the over-all status of the portfolio and performance.

Continuous Monitoring The expert Fund Managers and research team keep a constant watch on your money.

The teams of experts in these fund houses know exactly how your money is performing through continuous monitoring. You, as a customer are always informed through:

Communications that include relevant information on major market events Quarterly or semi-annual performance updates

2.1 Evolution of Portfolio Management

Portfolio management is essentially a systematic method of maintaining ones investment efficiently. Many factors have contributed to the existence and development of the concept. In the early years of the century analyst used financial statements to find the value of the securities. The first to be analyzed using this was Railroad Securities of the USA. A booklet entitled The Anatomy of the Railroad was published by Thomas F. Woodlock in 1900. As the time progressed this method became very important in the investment field, although most of the writers adopted different ways to publish there data. They generally advocated the use of different ratios for this purpose. John Moody in his book The Art of wall Street Investing, strongly supported the use of financial ratios to know the worth of the investment. The proposed type of analysis later on became the common -size analysis. The other major method adopted was the study of stock price movement with the help of price charts. This method later on was known as Technical Analysis. It evolved during 1900-1902 when Charles H. Dow, the founder of the Dow Jones and Co. presented his view in the series of editorials in the Wall Street Journal in USA. The advocates of technical analysis believed that stock prices movement is ordered and systematic and the definite pattern could be identified. There investment strategy was build around the identification of the trend and pattern in the stock price movement. Another prominent author who supported the technical analysis was Ralph N. Elliot who published a book in the year 1938 titled The Wave Principle. After analyzing 75 years data of share price, he concluded that the market movement was quite orderly and followed a pattern of waves. His theory is known as Elliot Wave Theory. According to J.C. Francis the development of investment management can be traced chronologically through three different phases. First phase is known as Speculative Phase. Investment was not a wide spread activity, but a cake of few rich people. The process is speculative in nature. Investment management was an art and needed skills. Price manipulation was resorted to by the investors. During this time period pools and corners were used for manipulation. The result of this was the stock exchange crash in the year 1929. Finally the daring speculative ventures of investors were declared illegal in the US by the Securities Act of 1934. Second phase began in the year 1930. The phase was of professionalism. After coming up of the Securities Act, the investment industry began the process of upgrading its ethics, establishing standard practices and generating a good public image. As a result the investments market

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became safer place to invest and the people in different income group started investing. Investors began to analyze the security before investing. During this period the research work of Benjamin Graham and David L. Dood was widely publicized and publicly acclaimed. They published a book Security Analysis in 1934, which was highly sought after. Their research work was considered first work in the field of security analysis and acted as the base for further study. They are considered as pioneers of security analysis as a discipline. Third phase was known as the scientific phase. The foundation of modern portfolio theory was laid by Markowitz. His pioneering work on portfolio management was described in his article in the Journal of Finance in the year 1952 and subsequent books published later on. He tried to quantify the risk. He showed how the risk can be minimized through proper diversification of investment which required the creation of the portfolio. He provided technical tools for the analysis and selection of optimal portfolio. For his work he won the Noble Prize for Economics in the year 1990. The work of Markowitz was extended by the William Sharpe, John Linter and Jan Mossin through the development of the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM). If we talk of the present the last two phases of Professionalism and Scientific Analysis are currently advancing simultaneously with investment in various financial instruments becoming safer, with proper knowledge to each and every investor.

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2.2 Portfolio management in developed countries : Deutsche Bank Deutsche Bank brings Portfolio Management Services (PMS) from seven providers that work towards the growth of funds. The recommendations aim to ensure that the strategy and portfolio are built on solid foundations. Depending on the risk appetite and desired returns, one can select from a range of superior PMS products in the country, including the products from Prudential ICICI, Reliance Capital, Franklin Templeton, and Benchmark Asset Management

ICICI Bank Wealth Management ICICI Bank Wealth Management assist for the Portfolio Management Services (PMS)

by referring to the partner Asset Management Companies. Their partner Asset Management Companies conduct detailed and scientific analysis of various investment avenues to help you invest your money.

PMS can be of the following categories

Equity-based Products Commodity-based Products Index-linked Products

Federal Bank

Federal Bank launches portfolio investment scheme for NRIs KOCHI: Kerala-based Federal Bank on Friday launched its Portfolio Investment (PIS) Scheme for NRIs in tie up with Geojit BNP Paribas Financial Services Ltd, offering "hassle free" facilities for investments in stock market. The bank, which has been authorized by RBI to administer the scheme, was the first among the traditional private sector banks to offer the facility.

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2.3 History of portfolio management in Indian banks

Unit Trust of India It is a financial organization in India, which was created by the UTI Act passed by the Parliament in 1963. It has over 70 schemes in domestic MF space and has the largest investor base of over 9 million in the whole industry. It is present in over 450 districts of the country and has 100 branches called UTI Financial Centers or UFCs. About 50% of the total IFAs in the industry work for UTI in distributing its products! India Posts, PSU Banks and all the large Private and Foreign Banks have started distributing UTI products. The total average Assets Under Management (AUM) for the month of June 2008 was Rs. 530 billion and it ranked fourth. In terms of equity AUM it ranked second and in terms of Equity and Balanced Schemes AUM put together it ranked FIRST in the industry. This measure indicates its revenue- earning capacity and its financial strength.

Besides running domestic MF Schemes UTI AMC is also a registered portfolio manager under the SEBI (Portfolio Managers) Regulations. It runs different portfolios for its HNI and Institutional clients. It is also running a Sharia Compliant portfolio for its Offshore clients. UTI tied up with Shinsei Bank of Japan to run a large size India-centric portfolio for Japanese investors.

For its international operations UTI has set up its 100% subsidiary, UTI International Limited, registered in Guernsey, Channel Islands. It has branches in London, Dubai and Bahrain. It has set up a Joint Venture with Shinsei Bank in Singapore. The JV has got its license and has started its operations.

In the area of alternate assets, UTI has a 100% subsidiary called UTI Ventures at Banglore This company runs two successful funds with large international investors being active participants. UTI has also launched a Private Equity Infrastructure Fund along with HSH Nord Bank of Germany and Shinsei Bank of Japan.

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Bank Of Baroda 1969 The Bank was brought into existence by a Ordinance issue on 19th July, by the

Central Government. The Bank is a Government of India. Undertaking and carries on all types of banking business including foreign exchange. The Ordinance was replaced by the Banking Companies (Acquisition and Transfer of Undertaking) Act, 1969. Besides managing public issues and giving underwriting support, The Bank established a `Non-resident Portfolio Management. Consultancy Cell'. Due to closure of 2 branches in U.K. and 1 branch in UAE, non-operative branch in Bangladesh was not taken into account. 1970 Income-Tax consultancy services was set-up in September to assist. Its constituents in the filing of income returns. Bank of Baroda (U.K.) Nominees Ltd., London is a subsidiary of the Bank. Bob Fiscal Services Ltd., is also a subsidiary of the Bank which handles functions such as merchant banking, equipment leasing, investment banking, inter-corporate deposit, etc. Bank of Baroda (Kenya) Ltd., Kenya is subsidiary of the Bank.

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CHAPTER 3 Introduction of Portfolio Management

An investor considering investment in securities is faced with the problem of choosing from among a large number of securities and how to allocate his funds over this group of securities. Again he is faced with problem of deciding which securities to hold and how much to invest in each. The risk and return characteristics of portfolios. The investor tries to choose the optimal portfolio taking into consideration the risk return characteristics of all possible portfolios. As the risk return characteristics of individual securities as well as portfolios also change. This calls for periodic review and revision of investment portfolios of investors. An investor invests his funds in a portfolio expecting to get good returns consistent with the risk that he has to bear. The return realized from the portfolio has to be measured and the performance of the portfolio has to be evaluated. It is evident that rational investment activity involves creation of an investment portfolio. Portfolio management comprises all the processes involved in the creation and maintenance of an investment portfolio. It deals specifically with the security analysis, portfolio analysis, portfolio selection, portfolio revision & portfolio evaluation. Portfolio management makes use of analytical techniques of analysis and conceptual theories regarding rational allocation of funds. Portfolio management is a complex process which tries to make investment activity more rewarding and less risky.

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Investing in securities such as shares, debentures, and bonds is profitable as well as exciting. It is indeed rewarding, but involves a great deal of risk and calls for scientific knowledge as well artistic skill. In such investments both rationale and emotional responses are involved. Investing in financial securities is now considered to be one of the best avenues for investing one savings while it is acknowledged to be one of the best avenues for investing one saving while it is acknowledged to be one of the most risky avenues of investment. It is rare to find investors investing their entire savings in a single security. Instead, they tend to invest in a group of securities. Such a group of securities is called portfolio . Creation of a portfolio helps to reduce risk, without sacrificing returns. Portfolio management deals with the analysis of individual securities as well as with the theory and practice of optimally combining securities into portfolios. An investor who understands the fundamental principles and analytical aspects of portfolio management has a better chance of success.

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3.1 Definition of 'Portfolio Management'

The art and science of making decisions about investment mix and policy, matching investments to objectives, asset allocation for individuals and institutions, and balancing risk against performance.

Portfolio management is all about strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in the choice of debt vs. equity, domestic vs. international, growth vs. safety, and many other tradeoffs encountered in the attempt to maximize return at a given appetite for risk.

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3.2 Objectives Portfolio management

Portfolio means combined holding of many kinds of financial securities. Such as shares, debenture, government bonds, units and other financial assets. Making a portfolio means putting ones eggs in different baskets with varying elements of risk and returns. The object of portfolio is to reduce risk by diversification and maximize gain. Portfolio management is also known as investment management

Objectives of Portfolio Management

There are seven objectives of portfolio management: 1) Return: Portfolio management is technique of investing in securities. The ultimate object of investment in the securities is return. Hence, the first objective of portfolio management is getting higher return. 2) Capital Growth: Some investors do not need regular returns. Their object of portfolio management is that not only their current wealth is invested in the securities; they also want a channel where their future incomes will also be invested. 3) Liquidity: Some investors prefer that the portfolio should be such that whenever they need their money, they may get the same. 4) Availability of Money at Pre-decided Time: Some persons invest their money to use it at pre-decided time, say education of children, etc. Their objective of portfolio planning would be that they get their money at that time. 5) Favorable Tax Treatment: Sometimes, some portfolio planning is done to obtain some tax savings.

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6) Maintaining the Purchasing Power: Inflation eats the value of money, i.e., purchasing power. Hence, one object of the portfolio is that it must ensure maintaining the purchasing power of the investor intact besides providing the return. 7) Risk Reduction through Diversification: It is the perhaps most important object of the portfolio management. All other objectives (mentioned above) can be achieved even withoutportfolio, i.e., through investment in a single security, but reduction (without sacrificing the return) is possible only through portfolio. If we invest in a single security, our return will depend solely on that security; if that security flops, our entire return will be severely affected. Clearly, held by itself, the single security is highly risky. If we add nine other unrelated securities to that single security portfolio, the possible outcome changes if that security flops, our entire return wont be as badly hurt. By diversifying our investments, we can substantially reduce the risk of the single security. Diversification substantially reduces the risk with little impact on potential returns. The key involves investing in categories or securities that are dissimilar.

The two basic principles of effective portfolio management :

(i) (ii) Invest on the basis of fundamentals of the security. Review and update the portfolio regularly.

The object of the portfolio management is to provide maximum return on the investments by taking only optimum risk. To achieve these objectives, the portfolio manager should invest in diversified securities and see that the coefficient ofcorrelation between these securities is as less as possible (only then the portfolio will be able to reduce the risk). This is the foundation of portfolio management. The portfolio manager should follow the above-mentioned principles to further strengthen his targets of higher returns and optimum risk. The first principle suggests that investment should be made only in those securities which are fundamentally strong. The strength of a security depends upon three strengths:

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(a) Strength of the company, (b) Strength of the industry, and (c) Strength of the economy. The strength of the company depends upon various factors like I. II. III. IV. V. Intelligent, dedicated and motivated human resources, Having positive values and vision, Policy regarding encouraging R&D Integrity of promoters, and Long range planning for profits.

The fundamentals of the industry depend upon the product consumer surplus the product provides to its users, various possible alternative uses of the product, and availability (rather we should say non-availability of the substitutes). Economy, here, means national economy By fundamentals of the economy we mean recession/boom, tax policy, monetary policy, budgetary policies, stability of government, possibility of war and its impact on economy, closed/open economy and finally the governments attitude towards business houses. The portfolio manager should see that most of the fundamentals are favorably placed. The second principle suggests that the portfolio should be reviewed continuously and if need be, revised immediately. The Fundamentals of the company, industry and economy keep on changing. Accordingly, the portfolio should be revised according to emerging situations. For example, in case of monsoon failure, investments should move from fertilizer companies to irrigation companies, in case some sick-minded person takes over as CEO of the company, perhaps desired step will be to disinvest the securities of the company, in case cheaper substitutes have emerged for any industrys product, better move to some other industry, etc. Two more points regarding the second principle (i) Sometimes, after making the investment in some securities, portfolio manager realizes

that his decision of investing in that security is wrong, he should not wait for happening of

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some event which will make his decision as a right one (if there is some loss on that investment, he should not even wait for breakeven); rather he should move immediately liquidate his position in that security. [Remember that no portfolio manager has ever made 100 per cent correct decisions (Warren Buffet is perhaps exception) (ii) Do not bother much about transaction cost related to reshuffling of the portfolio,

consideration of such small costs generally result in heavy losses or foregone opportunities of earning profit.

3.3 7 Principles of Portfolio Management

1 Emphasize a Disciplined Process to eliminate response to short-term market volatility. 2. Deliver Great Capability to all investment management solutions. 3. Align your investment strategy with your Objectives and Risk Tolerance. 4. Emphasize the importance of Asset Allocation 5. Implement a plan using the most Appropriate Investment Strategies. 6. Monitor and Adjust your portfolio on an ongoing basis 7. Assess your Progress regularly

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3.4 TYPES OF PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT :-

The two types of portfolio management services are available for the investors:

1.

The Discretionary portfolio management services (DPMS): In this type of services, the client parts with his money in f a v o r o f

m a n a g e r , w h o i n r e t u r n , h a n d l e s a l l t h e p a p e r work, makes all the decisions and gives a good return on the investment and for this he charges a certain fees. In this discretionary PMS, to maximize the yield, almost all portfolio managers parks the funds in the money market s e c u r i t i e s s u c h a s o v e r n i g h t m a r k e t , 1 8 2 d a y s t r e a s u r y bills and 90 days commercial bills. Normally, return on such investment varies from 14 to 18per cent, depending on the call money rates prevailing at the time of investment.

2.

The Non-discretionary portfolio management services:

The manager function as a counselor, but the investor is free to accept or reject the managers advice, the manager for a services charge also undertakes the paper work.

The manager concentrates on stock market instruments with a portfolio tailor made to the risk taking ability of the investor.

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3.5 Steps in portfolio management in ICICI Bank:-

1) IDENTIFICATION OF THE OBJECTIVES

The starting point in the process is to determine the characteristics of an various investment and then matching them with the individuals need and preferences. All the personal investing is designed in order to achieve certain objectives.

These objectives may be tangible such as buying a car, house etc. and intangible objectives such as social status, security etc. Similarly, these objectives may be classified as financial or personal objectives. Financial objectives are safety, profitability and liquidity. Personal or an individual objectives may be related to personal characteristics of individuals such as family commitments, status, depends, educational requirements, income, consumption and provision for retirement etc.

2) FORMULATION OF PORTFOLIO STRATEGY

The aspect of Portfolio Management is the most important element of proper portfolio investment and speculation. While planning , a careful review should be conducted about the financial situation and current capital market conditions.

This will suggest a set of investment and speculation policies to be followed.

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The statement of investment policies includes the portfolio objectives, strategies and constraints. Portfolio strategy means plan or policy to be followed while investing in different types of assets. There are different investment strategies. They require changes as time passes, investors wealth changes, security price change, investors knowledge expands. Therefore, the optional strategic asset allocation also changes. The strategic asset allocation policy would call for broad diversification through an indexed holding of virtually all securities in the asset class.

3) SELECTION OF ASSET MIX

The most important decision in portfolio management is selection of asset mix. It means spreading out portfolio investment into different asset classes like bonds, stocks, mutual funds etc. In other words selection of asset mix means investing indifferent kinds of assets and reduces risk and volatility and maximizes returns in investment portfolio.

Selection of asset mix refers to the percentage to the invested in various security classes. The security classes are simply the type of securities asunder:

1. Money market instrument 2. Fixed income security 3. Equity shares 4. Real estate investment 5. International securities

Once the objective of the portfolio is determined the securities to be included in the portfolio must be selected. Normally the portfolio is selected from a list of high-quality bonds that the portfolio manager has at hand. The portfolio manager has to decide the goals before selecting the common stock. The goal may be to achieve pure growth, growth with some income or income only. Once the goal has been selected, the portfolio manager can select the common stocks.

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4) PORTFOLIO EXECUTION:

The process of portfolio management involves a logical set of steps common to any decision, plan implementation and monitor. Applying this process to actual portfolios can be complex

Therefore, in the execution stage, three decisions need to be made, if the percentage holdings of various asset classes are currently different from desired holdings. The portfolio than, should be rebalanced. If the statement of investment policy requires pure investment strategy, this is only thing, which is done in the execution stage.

However, many portfolio managers engage in the speculative transactions in the belief that such transactions will generate excess risk-adjusted returns. Such speculative transactions are usually classified as timing or selection decisions. Timing decisions over or under weight various asset classes, industries or economic sectors from the strategic asset allocation.

Such timing decisions are known as tactical asset allocation and selection decision deals with securities within a given asset class, industry group or economic sector. The investor has to begin with periodically adjusting the asset mix to the desired mix, which is known as strategic asset allocation. Then the investor or portfolio manager can make any tactical asset allocation or security selection decision.

5) PORTFOLIO REVISION

Portfolio management would be an incomplete exercise without periodic review. The portfolio, which is once selected, has to be continuously reviewed over a period of time and if necessary revised depending on the objectives of investor. Thus, portfolio revision means changing the asset allocation of a portfolio.

Investment portfolio management involves maintaining proper combination of securities, which comprise the investors portfolio in a manner that they give maximum return with minimum risk. For this purpose, investor should have continuous review and scrutiny of his investment portfolio. Whenever adverse conditions develop, he can dispose of the securities, which are not worth.

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However, the frequency of review depends upon the size of the portfolio, the sum involved, the kind of securities held and the time available to the investor. The review should include a careful examination of investment objectives, targets for portfolio performance, actual results obtained and analysis of reason for variations. The review should be followed by suitable and timely action. There are techniques of portfolio revision .Investors buy stock according to their objectives and return-risk framework. These fluctuations may be related to economic activity or due to other factors. Ideally investors should buy when prices are low and sell when prices rise to levels higher than their normal fluctuations. The investor should decide how often the portfolio should be revised .If revision occurs to often, transaction and analysis costs may be high. If revision is attempted too infrequently the benefits of timing may be foregone. The important factor to take into consideration is, thus, timing for revision of portfolio

6) PORTFOLIO PERFORMANCE EVALUATION:

Portfolio management involves maintaining a proper combination of securities, which comprise the investors portfolio in a manner that they give maximum return with minimum risk. The investor should have continues review and scrutiny of his investment portfolio. These rates of return should be based on the market value of the assets of the fund. Complete evaluation of the portfolio performance must include examining a measure of the degree of risk taken by the fund. A portfolio manager, by evaluating his own performance can identify sources of strength or weakness. It can be viewed as a feedback and control mechanism that can make the investment management process more effective. Good performance in the past might have resulted from good luck, in which case such performance may not be expected to continue in the future. On the other hand, poor performance in the past might have been result of bad luck. Therefore, the first task in performance evaluation is to determine whether past performance was good or poor. Then the second task is to determine whether such performance was due to skill or luck. Good performance in the past may have resulted from the actions of a highly skilled portfolio manager. The performance of portfolio should be measured periodically, preferably once in a month or a quarter. The performance of an individual stock should be compared with the overall performance of the market.

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3.6 FUNCTIONS OF PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT

The basic purpose of portfolio management is to maximize yield and minimize risk. Every investor is risk averse. In order to diversify the risk by investing into various securities following functions are required to be performed.

The functions undertaken by the portfolio management are as follows:

1. To frame the investment strategy and select an investment mix to achieve the desired investment objective;

2. To provide a balanced portfolio which can not only hedge against the inflation but can also optimize returns with the associated degree of risk;

3. To make timely buying and selling of securities;

4. To maximize the after-tax return by investing in various taxes saving investment instruments.

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3.7 Goals of Portfolio Management :-

There are three goals of portfolio management:

1. Maximize the value of the portfolio

2. Seek balance in the portfolio

3. Keep portfolio projects strategically aligned

It provides a set of portfolio management tools to help achieve these goals. With multiple business units, product lines or types of development, were commend a strategic allocation process based on the business plan. The Master Project Schedule provides a summary of allactive as well as proposed projects and classifies them by status (active, proposed, on-hold) and by business unit/product line to align projects with the strategic allocation. The Master Project Schedule also provides additional portfolio information to prioritize projects using either a scorecard method or the development productivity index (DPI *). In addition to this prioritization, PD-Trek provides a Risk-Reward Bubble Chart and a Project Type Pie Chart to assure balance. A Product or Technology Roadmap template is provided to help visualize platform and technology relationships to assure critical project relationships are not overlooked with this prioritization. This will allow management to develop a balanced approach to selecting and continuing with the appropriate mix of projects to satisfy the three goals.

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3.8 Advantages of Portfolio Management : Capital markets over a long period have always given a better return than any other investment. The investment in stock markets by individuals is a complicated business. It is better that a professional handles this.

3.9 Disadvantage of Portfolio Management : The most obvious disadvantage is of active management is that the fund manager

may make bad investment choices or follow an unsound theory in managing the portfolio.

The fees associated with active management are also higher than those associated with passive management, even if frequent trading is not present.

Those who are considering investing in an actively-managed mutual fund should evaluate the fund's prospectus carefully.

Data from recent decades demonstrates that the majority of actively-managed large and mid-cap stock funds in United States fail to outperform their passive stock index counterparts.

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CHAPTER 4 Portfolio Management Services in ICICI Bank

Portfolio Management Services account is an investment portfolio in Stocks, Debt and fixed income products managed by a professional money manager,that can potentially be tailored to meet specific investment objectives. When you invest in PMS, you own individual securities unlike a mutual fund investor, who owns units of the entire fund. You have the freedom and flexibility to tailor your portfolio to address personal preferences and financial goals. Although portfolio managers may oversee hundreds of portfolios, your account may be unique. As per SEBI guidelines, only those entities who are registered with SEBI for providing PMS services can offer PMS to clients. There is no separate certification required for selling any PMS product. So this is case where miss-selling can happen. As per the SEBI guidelines, the minimum investment required to open a PMS account is Rs. 5 Lacs. However, different providers have different minimum balance requirements for different products. For E.g Birla AMC PMS is having min amount requirement of Rs. 25 lacs for a product. Similarly HSBC AMC is having minimum requirement of 50 lacs for their PMS and Reliance is having min requirement of Rs. 1 Crore. In India Portfolio Management Services are also provided by equity broking firms & wealth management services.

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How can investor invest in a Portfolio Management Services (PMS) in ICICI Bank?

There are two ways in which an investor can invest in a Portfolio Management Services: 1. Through Cheque payment. 2. Through transferring existing shares held by the customer to the PMS account. The Value of the portfolio transferred should be above the minimum investment criteria. Beside this customer will need sign a few documents like PMS agreement with the provider, Power of Attorney agreement, New demat account opening format (even if investor has a demat account he is required to open a new one) and documents like PAN, address proof and Identity proofs are mandatory. NRIs can invest in a PMS. The NRI needs to open a PIS account for investing in PMS. The documentation required for an NRI, however, is different from a resident Indian. A checklist of documents is provided by each PMS provider.

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4.1 How is PMS different from a Mutual Fund in ICICI Bank?

Both PMS and Mutual Funds are types of managed Funds. The difference to the investor in a Portfolio Management Services over a Mutual Fund is:

Concentrated Portfolio. Portfolio can be tailored to suit the needs of investor. Investors directly own the stocks, rather than the fund owning the stocks. Difference in taxation

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4.2 Working of a Portfolio Management Services (PMS) in ICICI Bank:Each PMS account is unique and the valuation and portfolio of each account may differ from one another. There is no NAV for a PMS scheme; however the customer will get the valuation of his portfolio on a daily basis from the PMS provider. Each PMS account is unique from one another. Every PMS scheme has a model portfolio and all the investments for a particular investor are done in the Portfolio Management Services on the basis of model portfolio of the scheme. However the portfolio may differ from investor to investor. This is because of:

1. Entry of investors at different time. 2. Difference in amount of investments by the investors 3. Redemptions/additional purchase done by investor 4. Market scenario Eg If the model portfolio has investment in Infosys, and the current view of the Fund Manager on Infosys is HOLD(and not BUY), a new investor may not have Infosys in his portfolio.

Under PMS schemes the fund manager interaction also takes place. The frequency depends on the size of the client portfolio and the Portfolio Management Services provider. Bigger the portfolio, frequency of interaction is more. Generally, the PMS provider arranges for fund manager interaction on a quarterly/half yearly basis.

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4.3 Portfolio Management Services (PMS) Charges in ICICI Bank:A PMS charges following fees. The charges are decided at the time of investment and are vetted by the investor. Entry Load PMS schemes may have an entry load of 3%. It is charged at the time of buying the PMS only. Management Charges Every Portfolio Management Services scheme charges Fund Management charges. Fund Management Charges may vary from 1% to 3% depending upon the PMS provider. It is charged on a quarterly basis to the PMS account. Profit Sharing Some PMS schemes also have profit sharing arrangements (in addition to the fixed fees), wherein the provider charges a certain amount of fees/profit over the stipulated return generated in the fund. For Eg PMS X has fixed charges of 2% plus a charge of 20% of fees for return generated above 15% in the year. In this case if the return generated in the year by the scheme is 25%, the fees charged by the PMS will be 2% + {(25%15%)*20%}. The Fees charged is different for every Portfolio Management Services provider and for every scheme. It is advisable for the investor to check the charges of the scheme.

Apart from the charges mentioned above, the PMS also charges the investors on following counts as all the investments are done in the name of the investor:

Custodian Fee De mat Account opening charges Audit charges Transaction brokerage

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4.4 Taxation for Portfolio Management Services in ICICI Bank:-

Any income from Portfolio Management Services account is a business income. Unlike MF, PMS is not required to remain 65%+ invested in equity to get equity taxation benefit. Each Portfolio Management Services account is in the name of additional investor and so the tax treatment is done on an individual investor level. Profit on the same can be considered as business income.( i.e slab wise). Profit can be considered as Capital gains. [STCG (15%) or LTCG(Tax free)]. It depends on clients Chartered Accountant or the assessing officer how he treats this Income. The PMS provider sends an audited statement at the end of the FY giving details of STCG and LTCG, it is on the client and his CA to decide to treat it as capital gain or business income.

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4.5 PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT SCHEMES (PMS) PRESENT SCENARIO in ICICI Bank:The regulatory environment has totally changed now and with SEBI fixing strict norms for companies launching PMS, only the serious players are going to enter his business. The PMS members today have full transparency: managers are required to maintain individual accounts showing all dealings in a clients portfolio. They must also advise him on all transactions. Secondly, all PMS Managers have to send their clients at least a quarterly report giving the status of their portfolio and the transactions that have taken place. The client-PMS manager contract is as per SEBI ground rules. It has several checks to protect investors interest like laying the custodial responsibility on the manager and preventing any alterations in the scheme without the clients consent. Finally, managers have to send half-yearly reports to SEBI on their portfolio management activities. Experienced handling of cash and money power apart, PMS also takes care of a number of the headaches endemic with investing in the markets. The biggest one is custodial services. All PMS Managers act as custodians of shares and are responsible for the load of paper work related to the share transfer, documentation work, postal work and even ensuring that dividends are credited to clients account. SEBI directives also put the onus on the PMS promoters to take follow-up action in case shares are lost or damaged. Difficulties such as late transfer and postal theft are reduced incase of brokers, because they not only have direct access to registrars but also have branch offices to ensure quicker transfers. All these services come for a fee, of course. While the actual PMS charges vary from a high of 7% of the amount invested to a low of around 3.5%, follow-up services charges extra. As in all schemes, there is a downside to putting cash into portfolio management as well. The most important is the fact that despite all the SEBI checks. PMS Managers are not allowed to assured any fixed returns. This really discharges the managers for any responsibility if the scheme does badly. So investors have to be very careful in choosing the promoters. Problem inherent in most schemes on offer will be misused of investors funds to some extent. Funds collected from investors will aid the brokers concerned in their own games in the market.

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CHAPTER 5 Portfolio Manager of ICICI Bank:A portfolio manager of icici bank is either a person who makes investment decisions using money other people have placed under his or her control or a person who manages a financial institution's asset and liability (loan and deposit) portfolios. On the investments side, they work with a team of analysts and researchers, and are ultimately responsible for establishing an investment strategy, selecting appropriate investments and allocating each investment properly for a fund- or asset-management vehicle. Portfolio managers are presented with investment ideas from internal buy-side analysts and sell-side analysts from investment banks. It is their job to sift through the relevant information and use their judgment to buy and sell securities. Throughout each day, they read reports, talk to company managers and monitor industry and economic trends looking for the right company and time to invest the portfolio's capital. A team of analysts and researchers are ultimately responsible for establishing an investment strategy, selecting appropriate investments and allocating each investment properly for a fund or asset-management vehicle. Portfolio managers make decisions about investment mix and policy, matching investments to objectives, asset allocation for individuals and institutions, and balancing risk against performance. Portfolio management is about strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in the choice of debt vs. equity, domestic vs. international, growth vs. safety, and other tradeoffs encountered in the attempt to maximize return at a given appetite for risk. In the case of mutual and exchange-traded funds (ETFs), there are two forms of portfolio management: passive and active. Passive management simply tracks a market index, commonly referred to as indexing or index investing. Active management involves a single manager, co-managers, or a team of managers who attempt to beat the market return by actively managing a fund's portfolio through investment decisions based on research and decisions on individual holdings. Closed-end funds are generally actively managed.

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5.1 QUALITIES OF PORTFOLIO MANAGER of ICICI Bank:1. Sound general knowledge:

Portfolio management in icici bank is an existing and challenging job. He has to work in an extremely uncertain and conflicting environment. In the stock market every new piece of information affects the value of the securities of different industries in a different way. He must be able to judge and predict the effects of the information he gets. He must have sharp memory, alertness, fast intuition and self-confidence to arrive at quick decisions.

2. Analytical Ability: He must have his own theory to arrive at the value of the security. An analysis of the securitys values, company, etc. is continues job of the portfolio manager in icici bank. A good analyst makes a good financial consultant. The analyst can know the strengths, weakness, opportunities of the economy, industry and the company.

3. Marketing skills: He must be good salesman. He has to convince the clients about the particular security. He has to compete with the Stock brokers in the stock market.

In this Marketing skills help him a lot. 4. Experience: In the cyclical behavior of the stock market history is often repeated, therefore the experience of the different phases helps to make rational decisions. The experience of different types of securities, clients, markets trends etc. makes a perfect professional manager.

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5.2 FUNCTIONS OF PORTFOLIO MANAGERS:

Advisory role: Advice new investments, review the existing ones, identification of objectives, recommending high yield securities etc. Conducting market and economic service: This is essential for recommending good yielding securities they have to study the current fiscal policy, budget proposal; individual policies etc. further portfolio manager should take in to account the credit policy, industrial growth, foreign exchange possible change in corporate laws etc. Financial analysis: He should evaluate the financial statement of company in order to understand, their net worth future earnings, prospectus and strength. Study of stock market : He should observe the trends at various stock exchange and analysis scripts so that he is able to identify the right securities for investment Study of industry: He should study the industry to know its future prospects, technical changes etc., required for investment proposal he should also see the problems of the industry. Decide the type of port folio: Keeping in mind the objectives of portfolio a portfolio manager has to decide whether the portfolio should comprise equity preference shares, debentures, convertibles, non-convertibles or partly convertibles, money market, securities etc. or a mix of more than one type of proper mix ensures higher safety, yield and liquidity coupled with balanced risk techniques of portfolio management.

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5.3 CODE OF CONDUCT- PORTFOLIO MANAGERS of ICICI Bank:

1. A portfolio manager shall, in the conduct of his business, observe high standards of integrity and fairness in all his dealings with his clients and other portfolio managers.

2. The money received by a portfolio manager from a client for an investment purpose should be deployed by the portfolio manager as soon as possible for that purpose and money due and payable to client should be paid forthwith.

3. A portfolio manager shall render at all time high standards of services exercise due diligence, ensure proper care and exercise independent professional judgment. The portfolio manager shall either avoid any conflict of interest in his investment or disinvestments decision, or where any conflict of interest arises; ensure fair treatment to all his customers. He shall disclose to the clients, possible sources of conflict of duties and interest, while providing unbiased services. A portfolio manager shall not place his interest above those of his clients.

4. A portfolio manager shall not make any statement or become privy to any act, practice or unfair competition, which is likely to be harmful to the interests of other portfolio managers or it likely to place such other portfolio managers in a disadvantageous position in relation to the portfolio manager himself, while competing for or executing any assignment.

5. A portfolio manager shall not make any exaggerated statement, whether oral or written, to the client either about the qualification or the capability to render certain services or his achievements in regard to services rendered to other clients.

6. At the time of entering into a contract, the portfolio manager shall obtain in writing from the client, his interest in various corporate bodies, which enables him to obtain unpublished price-sensitive information of the body corporate.

7. A portfolio manager shall not disclose to any clients or press any confidential information about his clients, which has come to his knowledge.

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8. The portfolio manager shall where necessary and in the interest of the client take adequate steps for registration of the transfer of the clients securities and for claiming and receiving dividend, interest payment and other rights accruing to the client. He shall also take necessary action for conversion of securities and subscription of/or rights in accordance with the clients instruction.

9. Portfolio manager shall ensure that the investors are provided with true and adequate information without making any misguiding or exaggerated claims and are made aware of attendant risks before they take any investment decision. 10. He should render the best possible advice to the client having regard to the clients needs and the environment, and his own professional skills.

11. Ensure that all professional dealings are affected in a prompt, efficient and cost effective manner.

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5.4 SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE BOARD OF INDIA RULES, 1993 REGARDING PORTFOLIO MANAGERS
1. No person to act as portfolio manager without certificate.

2. No person shall carry on any activity as a portfolio manager unless he holds a certificate granted by the Board under this regulation.

3. Provided that such person, who was engaged as portfolio manager prior to the coming into force of the Act, may continue to carry on activity as portfolio manager, if he has made an application for such registration, till the disposal of such application.

4. Provided further that nothing contained in this rule shall apply in case of merchant banker holding a certificate granted by the board of India Regulations, 1992 as category I or category II merchant banker, as the case may be.

5. Provided also that a merchant banker acting as a portfolio manager under the second provision to this rule shall also be bound by the rules and regulations applicable to a portfolio manager.

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5.5 Conditions to grant or renewal of certificate to portfolio manager:

The board may grant or renew certificate to portfolio manager subject to the following conditions namely:

a) The portfolio manager in case of any change in its status and constitution, shall obtain prior permission of the board to carry on its activities;

b) He shall pay the amount of fees for registration or renewal, as the case may be, in the manner provided in the regulations;

c) He shall make adequate steps for redressed of grievances of the clients within one month of the date of receipt of the complaint and keep the board informed about the number, nature and other particulars of the complaints received;

d) He shall abide by the rules and regulations made under the Act in respect of the activities carried on by the portfolio manager.

Period of validity of the certificate.

The certificate of registration on its renewal, as the case may be, shall be valid for a period of here years from the date of its issue to the portfolio manager.

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5.6 SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE BOARD OF INDIA REGULATIONS, 1993

Registration of Portfolio Managers:

1. Application for grant of certificate An application by a portfolio manager for grant of a certificate shall be made to the board on Form A. Notwithstanding anything contained in sub regulation(1), any application made by a portfolio manager prior to coming into force of these regulations containing such particulars or as near thereto as mentioned in form A shall be treated as an application made in pursuance of subregulation and dealt with accordingly.

2. Application of confirm to the requirements Subject to the provisions of sub-regulation (2) of regulation 3, any application, which is not complete in all respects and does not confirm to the instructions specified in the form, shall be rejected: Provided that, before rejecting any such application, the applicant shall be given an opportunity to remove within the time specified such objections as may be indicated by the board.

3. Furnishing of further information, clarification and personal representation. The Board may require the applicant to furnish further information or clarification regarding matters relevant to his activity of a portfolio manager for the purposes of disposal of the application. The applicant or, its principal officer shall, if so required, appear before the Board for personal representation.

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4. Consideration of application. The Board shall take into account for considering the grant of certificate, all matters which are relevant to the activities relating to portfolio manager andin particular whether the applicant complies with the following requirements namely: The applicant has the necessary infrastructure like to adequate office space, equipments and manpower to effectively discharge his activities; The applicant has his employment minimum of two persons who have the experience to conduct the business of portfolio manager; A person, directly or indirectly connected with the applicant has not been granted registration by the Board in case of the applicant being a body corporate; The applicant, fulfills the capital adequacy requirements specified in regulation 7 the applicant, his partner, director or principal officer is not involved in any litigation connected with the securities market and which has an adverse bearing on the business of the applicant; The applicant, his director, partner or principal officer has not at any time been convinced for any offence involving moral turpitude or has been found guilty of any economic offences. The applicant has the professional qualification from an institution recognized by the government in finance, law, and accountancy or business management.

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CONCLUSION

With the help of given project I got an in-depth knowledge about the working of portfolio management. Also I got an insight as too how to invest in portfolio management, which scheme provide better returns compared to other and who are the portfolio management players in the Indian market. It can be concluded from the project that future of portfolio management is bright provided proper regulations prevail and investors needs are satisfied by providing variety of schemes. The interest of investors is protected by SEBI. Portfolio management is governed by SEBI Act. Due to the benefits available to the individuals such as reduction in risk, expert professional management, diversified portfolios, tax benefits etc. young generation (i.e. age group bet. 18-30) is willing to invest in different investment avenues through portfolio manager or through mutual funds which are again managed by portfolio managers. On the other hand, age group of 60 & above are least interested in making investment in different avenues through portfolio managers. They believe in investing and managing their portfolio on their own. However, it can be said that the future of portfolio management is bright in years to come.

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CHAPTER 7 BIBLIOGRAPHY

NEWSPAPERS
Times of India Hindustan Times

BIBLIOGRAHPY
Harries & Niel Banking with Portfolio Management

WEBLIOGRAPHY
www.icicibank.com http://www.portfoliostep.com http://www.pptfun.com