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\
|
|
|
.
= c
1 +
:= exp
AG
R T
|
\
|
.
:=
c
2
|
\
|
.
c
2
|
\
|
.
1 c
2
|
\
|
.
1 c
2
|
\
|
.
c
2
1 c ()
2
= K = exp
AG
R T
|
\
|
.
=
Combining Eqs. (13.5), (13.11a), and (13.28) gives
AG
3130
150
3190
6170
|
\
|
|
|
.
J
mol
:= T
1000
1100
1200
1300
|
\
|
|
|
.
kelvin :=
With data from Example 13.13, the following vectors represent values for
Parts (a) through (d):
y
H2O
y
CO
=
c
2
= y
H
2
y
CO
2
=
1 c
2
=
By Eq, (13.5),
n
0
1 1 + = 2 = v
i
v
i
_
= 1 1 1 + 1 + = 0 =
H2(g) + CO2(g) = H2O(g) + CO(g) 13.6
487
y
O2
1 c
6 c
= y
H2O
2 c
6 c
= y
Cl2
2 c
6 c
=
Apply Eq. (13.28);
c 0.5 :=
(guess)
Given
2 c
5 4 c
|
\
|
.
4
6 c
1 c
|
\
|
.
2 K = c Find c () := c 0.793 =
y
HCl
5 4 c
6 c
:= y
O2
1 c
6 c
:= y
H2O
2 c
6 c
:= y
Cl2
2 c
6 c
:=
y
HCl
0.3508 = y
O2
0.0397 = y
H2O
0.3048 = y
Cl2
0.3048 =
Ans.
The following vectors represent the species of the reaction in the order in
which they appear:
v
4
1
2
2
|
\
|
|
|
.
:= A
3.156
3.639
3.470
4.442
|
\
|
|
|
.
:= B
0.623
0.506
1.450
0.089
|
\
|
|
|
.
10
3
:= D
0.151
0.227
0.121
0.344
|
\
|
|
|
.
10
5
:=
end rows A ( ) := i 1 end .. :=
AA
i
v
i
A
i
()
_
:= AB
i
v
i
B
i
()
_
:= AD
i
v
i
D
i
()
_
:=
AA 0.439 = AB 8 10
5
= AC 0 := AD 8.23 10
4
=
AG AH
298
T
T
0
AH
298
AG
298
()
R IDCPH T
0
T ,A A ,A B ,A C ,A D ,
()
+
...
R T IDCPS T
0
T ,A A ,A B ,A C ,A D ,
()
+
...
:=
AG 1.267 10
4
J
mol
=
K exp
AG
R T
|
\
|
.
:= K 7.18041 =
By Eq. (13.5)
y
HCl
5 4 c
6 c
=
488
y
N2
1 c
2
= y
C2H4
1 c
2
= y
HCN
2e
2
= c =
By Eq. (13.28),
c 0.5 :=
(guess)
Given
2 c
1 c
|
\
|
.
2
K = c Find c () := c 0.057 =
y
N2
1 c
2
:= y
C2H4
1 c
2
:= y
HCN
c :=
y
N2
0.4715 = y
C2H4
0.4715 = y
HCN
0.057 =
Ans.
Given the assumption of ideal gases, P has no effect on the equilibrium
composition.
13.12 N2(g) + C2H2(g) = 2HCN(g) v 0 = n
0
2 =
This is the reaction of Pb. 4.21(x). From the answers for Pbs. 4.21(x),
4.22(x), and 13.7(x), find the following values:
AH
298
42720
J
mol
:= AG
298
39430
J
mol
:=
AA 0.060 := AB 0.173 10
3
:= AC 0 := AD 0.191 10
5
:=
T 923.15 kelvin := T
0
298.15 kelvin :=
AG AH
298
T
T
0
AH
298
AG
298
()
R IDCPH T
0
T ,A A ,A B ,A C ,A D ,
()
+
...
R T IDCPS T
0
T ,A A ,A B ,A C ,A D ,
()
+
...
:=
AG 3.242 10
4
J
mol
= K exp
AG
R T
|
\
|
.
:= K 0.01464 =
By Eq. (13.5),
489
Given
c 2.5 c ()
1 c () 1.5 c ()
3 K = c Find c () := c 0.818 =
y
CH3CHO
1 c
2.5 c
:=
y
H2
1.5 c
2.5 c
:= y
C2H5OH
c
2.5 c
:=
y
CH3CHO
0.108 = y
H2
0.4053 = y
C2H5OH
0.4867 =
Ans.
If the pressure is reduced to 1 bar,
Given
c 2.5 c ()
1 c () 1.5 c ()
1 K = c Find c () := c 0.633 =
y
CH3CHO
1 c
2.5 c
:=
y
H2
1.5 c
2.5 c
:= y
C2H5OH
c
2.5 c
:=
y
CH3CHO
0.1968 = y
H2
0.4645 = y
C2H5OH
0.3387 =
Ans.
13.13 CH3CHO(g) + H2(g) = C2H5OH(g) v 1 = n
0
2.5 =
This is the reaction of Pb. 4.21(r). From the answers for Pbs. 4.21(r),
4.22(r), and 13.7(r), find the following values:
AH
298
68910
J
mol
:= AG
298
39630
J
mol
:=
AA 1.424 := AB 1.601 10
3
:= AC 0.156 10
6
:= AD 0.083 10
5
:=
T 623.15 kelvin := T
0
298.15 kelvin :=
AG AH
298
T
T
0
AH
298
AG
298
()
R IDCPH T
0
T ,A A ,A B ,A C ,A D ,
()
+
...
R T IDCPS T
0
T ,A A ,A B ,A C ,A D ,
()
+
...
:=
AG 6.787 10
3
J
mol
= K exp
AG
R T
|
\
|
.
:= K 3.7064 =
By Eq. (13.5),
y
CH3CHO
1 c
2.5 c
= y
H2
1.5 c
2.5 c
= y
C2H5OH
c
2.5 c
=
By Eq. (13.28),
c 0.5 :=
(guess)
490
From data in Table C.4,
AH
298
82670
J
mol
:= AG
298
42290
J
mol
:=
The following vectors represent the species of the reaction in the order
in which they appear:
v
1
1
1
|
\
|
|
.
:= A
1.213
1.424
1.702
|
\
|
|
.
:= B
28.785
14.394
9.081
|
\
|
|
.
10
3
:= C
8.824
4.392
2.164
|
\
|
|
.
10
6
:=
end rows A ( ) := i 1 end .. :=
AA
i
v
i
A
i
()
_
:= AB
i
v
i
B
i
()
_
:= AC
i
v
i
C
i
()
_
:=
AA 1.913 = AB 5.31 10
3
= AC 2.268 10
6
= AD 0 :=
(a)
T 625 kelvin := T
0
298.15 kelvin :=
By Eq. (13.4), n
SO3
c = 0.1455 =
By Eq. (4.18), AH
753
AH
298
R IDCPH T
0
T ,A A ,A B ,A C ,A D ,
()
+ :=
AH
753
98353
J
mol
= Q cA H
753
:= Q 14314
J
mol
=
Ans.
13.16 C3H8(g) = C2H4(g) + CH4(g) v 1 =
Basis: 1 mole C3H8 feed. By Eq. (13.4) n
C3H8
1 c =
Fractional conversion of C3H8 =
n
0
n
C3H8
n
0
1 1 c ()
1
= c =
By Eq. (13.5),
y
C3H8
1 c
1 c +
= y
C2H4
c
1 c +
= y
CH4
c
1 c +
=
493
AG 4972.3
J
mol
=
Ans.
The problem now is to find the T which generates this value.
It is not difficult to find T by trial. This leads to the value:
T = 646.8 K Ans.
13.17 C2H6(g) = H2(g) + C2H4(g)
v 1 =
Basis: 1 mole entering C2H6 + 0.5 mol H2O.
n
0
1.5 =
By Eq. (13.5),
y
C2H6
1 c
1.5 c +
= y
H
c
1.5 c +
= y
C2H4
c
1.5 c +
=
From data in Table C.4,
AH
298
136330
J
mol
:= AG
298
100315
J
mol
:=
The following vectors represent the species of the reaction in the order in
which they appear:
AG AH
298
T
T
0
AH
298
AG
298
()
R IDCPH T
0
T ,A A ,A B ,A C ,A D ,
()
+
...
R T IDCPS T
0
T ,A A ,A B ,A C ,A D ,
()
+
...
:=
AG 2187.9
J
mol
= K exp
AG
R T
|
\
|
.
:= K 1.52356 =
By Eq. (13.28), c 0.5 :=
(guess)
Given
c
2
1 c + () 1 c ()
K = c Find c () :=
c 0.777 =
This value of epsilon IS the fractional conversion. Ans.
(b)
c 0.85 := K
c
2
1 c + () 1 c ()
:= K 2.604 =
AG R T ln K ( ) :=
494
T
0
298.15 kelvin := T 923.15 kelvin :=
AD 7.01 10
4
= AC 2.164 10
6
= AB 7.466 10
3
= AA 6.567 =
AD
i
v
i
D
i
()
_
:= AC
i
v
i
C
i
()
_
:= AB
i
v
i
B
i
()
_
:= AA
i
v
i
A
i
()
_
:=
D
0.0
0.867
0.083
|
\
|
|
.
10
5
:= C
2.164
0.0
0.0
|
\
|
|
.
10
6
:= i 1 3 .. :=
B
9.081
0.771
0.422
|
\
|
|
.
10
3
:= A
1.702
1.771
3.249
|
\
|
|
.
:= v
1
1
2
|
\
|
|
.
:=
The following vectors represent the species of the reaction in the order in
which they appear:
AG
298
50460
J
mol
:= AH
298
74520
J
mol
:=
From the data of Table C.4,
The carbon exists PURE as an individual phase, for which the activity is
unity. Thus we leave it out of consideration.
(gases only) v 1 =
CH4(g) = C(s) + 2H2(g) 13.27
Ans. T 949.23kelvin = T t T
0
:=
Ans. y 0.88244 ( )
0.0333
0.052
0.2496
0.6651
|
\
|
|
|
.
=
509
(b) For a feed of 1 mol CH4 and 1 mol N2,
n
0
2 =
By Eq. (13.28),
c .8 :=
(guess)
Given
2 c ()
2
2 c + () 1 c ()
K = c Find c () :=
c 0.7893 =
(fraction decomposed)
y
CH4
1 c
2 c +
:= y
H2
2 c
2 c +
:= y
N2
1 y
CH4
y
H2
:=
y
H2
0.5659 = y
CH4
0.0756 = y
N2
0.3585 =
Ans.
AG AH
298
T
T
0
AH
298
AG
298
()
R IDCPH T
0
T ,A A ,A B ,A C ,A D ,
()
+
...
R T IDCPS T
0
T ,A A ,A B ,A C ,A D ,
()
+
...
:=
AG 1.109 10
4
J
mol
= K exp
AG
R T
|
\
|
.
:= K 4.2392 =
By Eq. (13.5), n
0
1 = y
CH4
1 c
1 c +
= y
H2
2 c
1 c +
=
(a) By Eq. (13.28),
2 c ()
2
1 c + () 1 c ()
4 c
2
1 c
2
= K =
c
K
4 K +
:= c 0.7173 =
(fraction decomposed)
y
CH4
1 c
1 c +
:= y
H2
2 c
1 c +
:= y
CH4
0.1646 =
Ans.
y
H2
0.8354 =
510