TEMASEK JUNIOR COLLEGE

2012 Mock Preliminary Examination Higher 2 NAME CG

CENTRE NUMBER

INDEX NUMBER

PHYSICS
Paper 3 Longer Structured Questions Candidates answer on the Question Paper. No Additional Materials are required.
READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your name and C.G. on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen on both sides of the paper. You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. Section A Answer all questions. Section B Answer any two questions. You are advised to spend about one hour on each section. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. At the end of the examination, circle the numbers of the Section B questions you have answered in the grid provided.

9646/03
2 hours

For Examiners Use 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Total

This document consists of 17 printed pages.

[Turn over

Data speed of light in free space, permeability of free space, permittivity of free space, c = o = o = e = h = u = me = mp = R = NA = k = G = g = 3.00 x 108 m s-1 4 x 10-7 H m-1 8.85 x 10-12 Fm-1 (1 / (36 )) x 10-9 Fm-1 elementary charge, the Planck constant, unified atomic mass constant, rest mass of electron, rest mass of proton, molar gas constant, the Avogadro constant, the Boltzmann constant, gravitational constant, acceleration of free fall, Formulae uniformly accelerated motion, s = v2 = work done on/by a gas, hydrostatic pressure, gravitational potential, displacement of particle in s.h.m. velocity of particle in s.h.m. W = ut + at2 u2 + 2as p V gh
-Gm / r

1.60 x 10-19 C 6.63 x 10-34 J s 1.66 x 10-27 kg 9.11 x 10-31 kg 1.67 x 10-27 kg 8.31 J K-1 mol-1 6.02 x 1023 mol-1 1.38 x 10-23 J K-1 6.67 x 10-11 N m2 kg-2 9.81 m s-2

p =

f =
x = v = =

xo sin t vo cos t

(x

2 o

- x2

resistors in series, resistors in parallel, electric potential, alternating current/voltage, transmission coefficient,

R = 1/R = V = x = T = where k =

R1 + R2 + 1/R1 + 1/R2 + Q / 4or xo sin t exp(-2kd)

8p 2 m ( U - E ) h2

radioactive decay, decay constant

x = =

xo exp (-t)
0.693 t1
2

Section A Answer all the questions in the spaces provided. It is recommended that you spend about one hour on this section. 1 In a nuclear reactor, a fast moving neutron with initial speed u1 makes a head-on elastic collision with a stationary nucleus of carbon-12. The speed of the neutron and the carbon nucleus after the collision are v1 and v2 respectively as shown in Fig. 1.1. Before collision u1 v1 After collision v2

neutron (a)

carbon nucleus Fig 1.1

neutron

carbon nucleus

What is meant by head-on and elastic?

[2] (b) In an elastic collision, the relative speed of separation is equal to the relative speed of approach. Write an equation in terms of the velocities given to illustrate this fact. [1] (c) By considering your answer to (b), find the ratio of the final speed of the neutron v1 to its initial speed u1.

ratio = (d)

[3]

Hence determine the fraction of the kinetic energy of the neutron that is transferred to the carbon nucleus.

fraction =

[3]

2 2 (a) An object is travelling with constant speed v on a circular path of radius r, as shown in Fig. 2.1.

Fig. 2.1 The object moves from position 1 to position 2 in a short period of time. On Fig. 2.2, draw labelled lines to complete a vector diagram to show the change in velocity that takes place between position 1 and position 2. The velocity vector at position 1 is already drawn for you.

Fig. 2.2 [2] (b) A roller-coaster ride in a theme park is illustrated in Fig. 2.3.

Fig. 2.3 The total mass of carriage and passengers is 560 kg. It has a speed of 10.0 m s1 at the top of the descent. The height of the descent is 25.0 m. At point B, the bottom of the descent, the carriage is on a path of radius 18.0 m.

3 (i) Calculate the speed of the carriage at B, the bottom of the descent, if 40 000 J is lost as frictional heating during the descent.

speed = (ii)

m s-1

[3]

Calculate the magnitude of the force exerted by the track on the carriage at B.

force =

[3]

A sample of an ideal gas passes through the cycle of ABCD shown on the P-V diagram in Fig 3.1.

Fig. 3.1

4 (a) The first law of thermodynamics states that DU = q + W. Suggest how the state of an ideal gas may be changed such that each of the following conditions is met separately. DU = 0 W=0 (b) During the change AB, 300 J of thermal energy is supplied to the gas. Determine the change in internal energy of the gas. [2]

change in internal energy = (b)

[2]

During the change BC, 250 J of thermal energy is transferred. The area ABC on the P-V diagram represents 120 J of energy. Calculate the thermal energy transfer during the change CA.

thermal energy transfer =

[2]

(a)

In the circuit shown in Fig 4.1, a battery of e.m.f. 10 V with negligible internal resistance I connected to a potentiometer wire of 1.20 m, an ammeter and some resistors.

Fig. 4.1 Given that the resistivity of the potentiometer wire is 2.5 x 10-3 m whose crosssectional area has a diameter of 1.6 x 10-3 m, (i) Calculate the resistance of the potentiometer wire.

resistance =

[3]

(ii) Hence, determine the potential difference VXY across the potentiometer wire.

VXY =

[3]

6 (b) Another battery of unknown e.m.f. E of negligible resistance is added to the circuit as shown in Fig 4.2. The wire connecting the ammeter to point Y is disconnected from the circuit. It is re-connected to a jockey and placed along the potentiometer wire.

Fig. 4.2

At point Z on the potentiometer wire, the ammeter reading registers zero reading. (i) Calculate the new potential difference VXY across the potentiometer wire.

VXY =

[1]

(ii) Given that the balanced length of potentiometer wire lXZ is 0.450 m, find the unknown e.m.f E.

E=

[3]

7 5
3 The controlled reaction between deuterium ( 2 1 H) and tritium ( 1 H) has involved going research for many years. The reaction can be summarized as 2 1H 4 + 3 1 H 2 He + 1 0n

+Q

where Q = 17.7 MeV. Binding energies per nucleon are shown in Fig. 5.1.

2 1

Binding energy per nucleon/MeV 1.12 7.07 Fig. 5.1

1 0n
4 2

He

(a)

Suggest why binding energy per nucleon for the neutron is not quoted

[2]

(b)

Calculate the mass defect, in kg, of a helium 4 2 He nucleus.

mass defect = (c)

kg

[3]

(i) State the name of the type of reaction illustrated by this nuclear equation. [1] (ii) Determine the binding energy per nucleon, in MeV, of tritium ( 3 H). 1

Binding energy per nucleon =

MeV

[3]

8 Section B Answer two questions for this section. Each question carries 20 marks. It is recommended that you spend about one hour on this section. 6 (a) Two long straight vertical wires X and Y pass through a horizontal card, as shown in Fig. 6.1.

Fig. 6.1

The current in each wire is in the upward direction. The top view of the card, seen by looking vertically downwards at the card, is shown in Fig. 6.2.

Fig. 6.2

(i)

Define magnetic flux density.

[2] (ii) Draw four field lines in Fig. 6.2 to represent the pattern of the magnetic field around wire X due solely to the current in wire X, [2]

9 (iii) Draw an arrow in Fig. 6.2 to show the direction of the force on wire Y due to the magnetic field of wire X. [1] (iv) The magnetic flux density B at a distance x from a long straight wire due to a current I in the wire is given by the expression

where mo is the permeability of free space. The current in wire X is 5.0 A and that in wire Y is 7.0 A. The separation of the wires is 2.5 cm. 1. Calculate the force per unit length on wire Y due to the current in wire X.

force per unit length =

N m-1

[3]

2. The currents in the wires are not equal. State and explain whether the forces on the two wires are equal in magnitude.

[2] (b) Fig. 6.3 shows a metal rod PQ of mass 6.0 g rolling freely down a slope at a constant speed v on two parallel, frictionless metal rails separated by a distance of 90 cm. A resistor of resistance 2.0 W is connected across the two rails such that a constant current flows through it. You may assume that the rod and the rails have negligible resistance. The slope makes an angle of 20o to floor. A vertical uniform magnetic field of flux density 180 mT is acting upwards in that region. magnetic field
2.0 W metal rails metal rod

Q
v 90 cm 20
o

Fig. 6.3

10 (i) State Faradays law of electromagnetic induction.

[2] (ii) Deduce the direction 1. of the induced current.

[1] 2. of the corresponding electromagnetic force acting on the rod.

[1] (iii) As the rod slides down the frictionless rails at a constant velocity, there are three forces acting on the rod: the normal contact force N due to the rails, the electromagnetic force F and the gravitational force W. On the free-body diagram of the rod in Fig. 6.4, indicate and label these three forces clearly, taking into account their relative strengths and directions. [2]

20o

Fig. 6.4

(iv)

Show that the current flowing through the 2.0 W resistor is about 0.13 A.

[4]

11

(a)

Discuss how interference and diffraction contribute to the action of a diffraction grating.

[3] (b) A parallel beam of red light of wavelength 6.3 107 m from a laser is incident normally on a diffraction grating as shown in Fig. 7.1

Fig. 7.1 The diffraction grating has 300 lines per millimetre. (i) Calculate the separation d between adjacent lines of the grating. .

separation d =

[1]

12 (ii) Calculate the angle q at which the first order red spot is seen. This is the first spot away from the straight through position.

q=
(c) Calculate

[3]

(i) the energy of each photon of light emitted by the laser at a wavelength of 6.3 107 m.

energy =

[2]

(ii) the number of photons emitted each second to produce a power of 0.50 mW.

number = (d) (i) A beam of electrons in a vacuum can travel through a thin sheet of graphite perpendicular to the beam to produce a diffraction pattern of rings on a fluorescent screen beyond the graphite sheet. Explain why this pattern is produced.

[3]

[3]

13 (i) Calculate 1. the speed v of electrons with a de Broglie wavelength of 5.0 10-11 m.

speed v = 2.

m s-1

[2]

the potential difference V required to accelerate the electrons to this speed.v.

p.d. V =

[3]

14 8 (a) Fig. 8.1 shows how X-rays are produced inside an X-ray tube. The electrons, emitted at the filament, are accelerated from rest by an accelerating voltage of 10 kV to hit a target of heavy metal at the anode and as a result X-rays are produced.

10 kV

Fig. 8.1 The spectrum of the X-ray beam shows that there are some very intense and sharply defined wavelengths superimposed on the continuous spectrum. Explain the production mechanism of X-rays in the continuous spectrum and the emission line spectrum.

[4]

15 (b) A clean magnesium plate is placed in an evacuated glass container and illuminated with ultra-violet radiation of wavelength 250 nm, as shown in Fig. 8.2. Another metal plate is at the opposite end of the container and the two plates are connected through a microammeter to a variable d.c. supply. The polarity of the variable d.c. supply can be reversed.

Fig. 8.2 Due to photoelectric effect, a current is registered by the microammeter. (i) State what is meant by photoelectric effect.

[1] (ii) Calculate the photon energy, in eV, of the ultra-violet radiation.

energy = (ii)

eV

[2]

The work function of magnesium is 3.69 eV. Calculate the maximum energy, in eV, of electrons emitted from the magnesium plate.

maximum energy =

eV

[2]

16 (iii) Sketch a graph on the axes of Fig 8.3 to show how the current I in the microammeter will vary with the potential difference V between the two metal plates.

Fig. 8.3 [3] (iv) Add another line on your sketch graph to show the effect of reducing the intensity of the ultra-violet radiation. Label this line lower intensity. [2]

(c)

The diagram in Fig. 8.4 shows five electron energy levels of an isolated atom. The ground state and the ionisation level are included.

Fig. 8.4

(i)

Explain what is meant by ionisation.

[1]

17 (ii) An electron with kinetic energy 2.6 10-18 J collides inelastically with an electron in the ground state. State which energy levels may be occupied following this collision. [1] (iii) A photon of energy 2.6 10-18 J is incident on an electron in the ground state. State and explain what would happen.

[2] (iv) After a separate excitation process, level D is occupied. Calculate the longest possible wavelength of electromagnetic radiation emitted as the atom de-excites.

wavelength =

[2]