Name: Class: . Chapter 3 Exercise 1 Learning Area: Heredity and Variation Learning O !ecti"e: #nderstanding cell di"ision 1.

. $he diagram elo% sho%s the process o& mitosis. 'ill in the lan(s %ith the %ords gi"en. )eplication shorten align thic(en n*cle*s mem rane Chromatid same di"ide separate t%o mo"e

Stages of mitosis

Simple explanation + Chromosomes in the n*cle*s . , and are more "isi le.

+ o& chromosomes occ*r. + Each strand o& chromosome is called a .

+ Chromosomes ......................... themsel"es in the centre o& the cell. + $he .. disappears.

+ Chromatids and to the opposite ends o& the cell. + At the same time, the cell starts to ..

+ $he n*cle*s mem rane &orms again. + da*ghter cells are &ormed. + Each progeny cell has the . n*m er o& chromosomes as the parent cell.

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-. Arrange the diagram in the correct se.*ence:

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Name: Class: . Score: ./27 x 100 = % Chapter 3 Exercise Learning Area: Heredity and Variation Learning O !ecti"e: #nderstanding cell di"ision 1. $ic( /01 &or the correct statement and /21 &or the %rong statements a o*t mitosis. /i1 /ii1 $%o da*ghter cells are &ormed in mitosis. / 3n mitosis, cytoplasm di"ides once. / 1 1 1 1

/iii1 4itosis is important &or prod*cing ne% cells to replace the old or damaged cells. / /i"1 4itosis ca*se genetic "ariation. /

/"1 $he n*m er o& chromosomes in the da*ghter cell is hal& the n*m er o& chromosomes in the parent cell. / 1 /"i1 $he parent cell and the da*ghter cell ha"e the same genetic content. / /"ii1 Crossing5o"er does not ta(e place in mitosis. / /"iii1 4itosis occ*rs in somatic cells. / 1 1 1

-. $ic( /01 &or the correct statement and /21 &or the %rong statements a o*t meiosis. /i1 'o*r da*ghter cells are &ormed in meiosis. / 1 /ii1 3n meiosis, the n*m er o& chromosomes in each da*ghter cell is the same as in the parent cell. / 1 /iii1 4eiosis is important to organisms that reprod*ce sex*ally eca*se it prod*ces gametes. / 1 /i"1 4eiosis ca*se genetic "ariation. / 1

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3. Compare the processes o& meiosis and mitosis.

MEIOSIS #I$I!I"S SIMILA $" " /i1.. %& /ii1.. "S /iii1..

MITOSIS

..

N*m er o& di"isions

..

N*m er o& da*ghter cells prod*ced

..

..

N*m er o& chromosomes in da*ghter cell compared to parent cell

Com ination o& chromosomes in da*ghter cell compared to parent cell

..

Crossing o"er

..

..

6enetic "ariation

..

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Name: Class: .. Score: ./2( x 100 = % Chapter 3 Exercise 3 Learning Area: Heredity and Variation Learning O !ecti"e: #nderstanding the principles and mechanism o& inheritance. 1. Complete the ta le %ith the correct de&inition. :henotype 6enotype Chromosomes Hetero;ygote Crossing o"er Homo;ygote 7ominant gene 6ene Hy rid )ecessi"e gene

!" MS . .. . . . ..

#"$I%I!I'%S 7escri es the characteristics traits o& an organism, incl*ding the physical and the physiological Organism %hich has t%o identical genes. Example: $$ or tt. Composition o& gene in an organism $hread5li(e str*ct*re present in the n*cle*s o& a cell A gene %hich is %ea( and its e&&ect can e mas(ed y a dominant gene An organism %hich has one dominant gene and one recessi"e gene &or a certain characteristic. Example: 8 / 8 9 dominant gene &or lac( &*r , 9 recessi"e gene &or %hite &*r 1 #nit carrying a characteristic trait %hich exists in pairs in a chromosome. Organism %hich has t%o di&&erent mem ers o& the same gene. Example: $t. Exchange o& genes %hen t%o chromatids cross gi"ing rise to genetic "ariation. A gene %hich mas(s the e&&ect o& a %ea(er gene

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-. A man %ith lac( hair /8 1 marries a %oman %ith londe hair / 1. Complete a schematic diagram to sho% the cross et%een a men %ho is hetero;ygo*s &or lac( hair /8 1 and a %oman %ith londe hair / 1 8 : 6ene carrying lac( hair trait /dominant1 : 6ene carrying londe hair trait /recessi"e1 'ather :arent 4eiosis 6amete 'ertilisation O&&spring genotype 8 4other

O&&spring phenotype

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8ased on the schematic diagram, determine the phenotype ratio o& their o&&spring .

Name: . Class: Score: ./(( x 100 = % Chapter 3 Exercise < Learning Area: Heredity and Variation Learning O !ecti"e: #nderstanding sex determination and the occ*rrence o& t%ins in h*man eing. 1. Complete the &ollo%ing ta le. WOMAN =omatic cell A*tosomes /non5sex chromosomes1 =ex chromosomes $otal .. 22 << ? 22 /<@ chromosomes1 O"*m -. /-3 chromosomes1 =omatic cell << .. . /<@ chromosomes1 MAN =perm 2 or > -- ? 2 or -- ? > /-3 chromosomes1

<< ? 2> << ? 22 -. $he schematic diagram elo% sho%s sex determination o& an o&&spring. /a1 Complete the schematic diagram.

:arents :

'ather..

.4other 3-7

...

..

4eiosis 6amete : 'ertilisation O&&spring : =ex: .. .

/ 1 8ased on the schematic diagram a o"e, &ill in the lan(s %ith s*ita le ans%er. /i1 $he pro a ility / in percentage 1 o& a son or a da*ghter /ii1 $he sex o& a ;ygote depends on %hether the o"*m is &ertili;ed y a sperm carrying an 25chromosome or a sperm carrying a >5chromosome. 3& the o"*m is &ertili;ed y a sperm carrying a >5chromosome, a .. ;ygote %ill e prod*ced. eing orn at each irth is

3. $he comparison et%een identical t%ins %ith non5identical t%ins: 37EN$3CAL $A3N= Similarities: N*m er o& a ies orn: NON537EN$3CAL $A3N=

7i&&erences N*m er o& o"*m in"ol"ed N*m er o& sperms in"ol"ed 'ertilised o"*m splits into t%o

. .. .

..

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6enetic ma(e5*p

.
=haring o& placenta

..
=ex

.. ..

Name: Class: .. Chapter 3 Exercise B Learning Area: Heredity and Variation Learning O !ecti"e: #nderstanding m*tation. 1. 4atch the disease %ith the correct description #IS"AS"S Al inism ..

Score: ./7 x 100 = %

#"$I%I!I'% )A* Lac( o& a protein in the lood that is necessary &or lood5clotting )+* $he m*tant genes ca*se the red lood cells to e sic(le shaped. $he patient is pale eca*se the red lood cells carry little oxygen d*e to lac( o& haemoglo in and are easily ro(en.

7o%nCs =yndrome

...

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Colo*r5 lindness

)&* A &emale %ho has only one 2 chromosome. $he &emale has no o"aries and menstr*al cycle. )#* Hereditary lac( o& pigmentation in an organism. $he animals or h*man eings ha"e no colo*r in their s(in, hair or eyes. )"* :ossession o& an extra chromosome -1. $he child has short nec(, short nose, do%n%ard5sloping eyes and protr*ding tong*e. )$* $he existence o& a recessi"e gene that is de&ecti"e and ca*ses an ina ility to see and di&&erentiate et%een red and green colo*r ),* :resence o& three sex chromosomes /22>1 instead o& the *s*al t%o. 4ales are sterile and ha"e small testes

$*rnerCs =yndrome

=ic(le5cell anaemia

..

Dline&elterCs =yndrome

..

Haemophilia

Score: ./- x 100 = % Name: Class: Chapter 3 Exercise @ Learning Area: Heredity and Variation Learning O !ecti"e: E"al*ating the e&&ects o& genetic research on h*man li&e. 1. Complete the ta le %ith the correct ans%er. 6ene therapy =electi"e reeding 6enetic engineering $iss*e c*lt*re Cloning H*man 6enome :ro!ect

Technique

Explanation $he techni.*es in"ol"ed in altering the characteristics o& an organism y inserting genes &rom another organism into its 7NA.

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$he crossing o& t%o parents, each %ith some good traits, to prod*ce o&&spring %ith the good traits o& oth parents. A coordinated international pro!ect, eg*n in 1EFF to map the entire h*man genome so that the genes co*ld e isolated and se.*enced. 3t in"ol"ed the prod*ction o& a 7NA li rary. $he application o& genetic engineering techni.*es to alter or replace de&ecti"e genes.

..

$he process o& prod*cing o&&spring asex*ally &rom a single parent.

$he gro%th o& the tiss*es o& li"ing organisms o*tside the ody in a s*ita le c*lt*re medi*m.

VARIATION Name: Class: .. Score: ./21 x 100 = % Chapter 3 #efinition : DIS Exercise G CO Nat*ral among indi"id*al o& the species. CO Learning Area: Heredity and NTIVariation NTI Learning O !ecti"e: Analysing NU "ariation among li"ing things. NU OU OU 1. 'ill in the lan(s %ith correct S %ord/s1. S

#efinition: Variation that sho%s a %hole range o& intermediate et%een t%o ... "xample: 1. 8ody %eight -. Height 3. 3ntelligence 3n&l*enced y en"ironmental &actors s*ch as . , . and ..

#efinition: Variation that sho%s di&&erences. "xample: 1. 6ender Hsex -. 8lood gro*p 3. $ype o& ear lo e 3n&l*enced y . &actor. 3-11

-. A st*dy had een carried o*t to gather the ody %eight /in (g1 o& <I st*dents in 'orm < Omega . $he res*lts are sho%n in $a le -.1. 3-.1 <I.< <@.G <-.3 3@.F <1.G 3B.G <3.B3.I <G.3 3F.1 <<.B <F.@ 31.1 <1.B <I.F <-.< <3.G 3B.3 <E.3 <-.F 3G.3 <-.1 <3.G 3G.E <<.1 <G.G 33.F B1.3 <3.B <I.B 3F.3 <F.<1.G 3G.G <-.G <E.3 <1.< <G.3 3E.3

$a le -.1 /a1 8ased on the data sho%n a o"e, complete $a le -.-. 8ody %eight H (g 3I.I53<.E 3B.I53E.E <I.I5<<.E <B.I5<E.E BI.I5B<.E $a le -./ 1 8ased on the res*lts in $a le -.-, dra% a histogram to sho% the n*m er o& st*dents against the %eight. N*m er o& st*dent -I 1F N*m er o& st*dents .. ..

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1@ 1< 11I F @ < 3I.I J 3<.E 3B.I J 3E.E <I.I J <<.E <B.I J <E.E BI.I J B<.E Aeight H (g

/c1 /i1 =tate type o& "ariation &or the trait a o"e. . /ii1 Explain yo*r ans%er. . /d1 6i"e another one example o& the same type o& "ariation mentioned in /c1. ..

3. A st*dy had een carried o*t to gather the "ariation in lood gro*p type in a pop*lation o& Dampar $o%n. $a le 3 sho%s the data collected. 8lood gro*p type A N*m er o& 8 indi"id*al A8 FI O $a le 3 @I /a1 8ased on the res*lts in $a le 3, dra% a ar chart to sho% the n*m er o& indi"id*als against the gro*ps o& lood gro*p. <I N*m er o& indi"id*als <I @I 3I FI

-I

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A 8 A8 O $ype o& lood gro*p

/ 1 /i1 /ii1

=tate type o& "ariation &or trait a o"e. . Explain yo*r ans%er. ..

/c1 6i"e another one example o& the same type o& "ariation mentioned in / 1.

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