LigninApplications BriefOverview

LigninApplications:Concrete
Lowlevels l l of flignin l and dmodified d f d l lignincanyield ld Highperformanceconcretestrengthaid Concretegrindingaid Reduce damageofbuildingexternalwallcausedby moistureandacidrain Setretarderforacementcomposition p Sulfonated lignincontributeshigheradsorption propertiesandzetapotentialtocementparticles,and henceshowsbetterdispersioneffecttothecement matrix. Selectligninscanimprovethecompressivestrength ofcementpastes

LigninApplications:Antioxidant
Lignin i i actsasfree f radical di lscavengers Ligninprovidesthermalprotectionto: Styrene/butadiene/rubberpolymer Rubber R bb Polypropylene polycaprolactam Ligninsnaturalantioxidantpropertiesprovidesusein cosmeticandtopicalformulations. Ligninsulfonatecontainingcosmeticcompositionshave beendevelopedfordecorativeuseonskin

LigninApplications:Asphalt
Crack C kfilli fillingcomposition i i involving i l i quaternaryammonium i salt,aliphaticamine,ligninamine,imidazoline,andamide. Waterstabilityofanasphaltmixturecanbeimprovedby adding ddi 0 0.3% 3%lignin li i fibers fib AsphaltemulsifyingagentcontainingSWNaligninsaltwith anav.mol.wt.of200100,000(Nalignosulfonate orNa lignophosphate andtheligninisthatbroadleafpineor lignophosphate, needleleafpine)hastheproperHLBvalue,slow demulsification speed,properfrothingability,andstrong foamstability. stability Ligninamineadditivehasbeenshowntoprovideawarm mixadditivethatcanmodifythecombinationstateof asphaltandstonematerialsurface;modifyingthefluidity; anddecreaseproductioncostoftheasphaltmixtures

LigninApplications:CarbonFiber andRelated
Nativeligninorindustriallignincanbeusedforcarbonfibers Carbonnanotubes havebeenmadefromlignin/lignosulfonates. Lignin Li i based b dactivated i dcarbon b fib fibersh haveb beenprepared db by initialsynthesisofligninphenolformaldehyde(LPF)resinswith variedlignincontents,820%,resp.,andthenthemeltspinning andthermaltreatments. treatments Kraftligninhasbeenfoundtoundergostrongadsorptionon multiwalledcarbonnanotubes

LigninApplicationsBoardBinder
Lignin g along gwithadiisocyanate y usedforp productionof fiberboards,strawboards,particleboards,orientedstrandboards, woodfiberinsulationboards,etc. Graftedligninorlignosulfonate component,andresin.Binderyields lowcostcompositematerialswithhavingareasonablewetstrength Aligninbasedmodifierhasbeenaddedtoformaldehydebased bindersystemssuchasphenolformaldehyde(PF),urea formaldehyde(UF),melamineformaldehyde(MF),resorcinol formaldehyde(RF)and/ortanninformaldehyderesins.Thelignin basedmodifiermayusedforpanelboardssuchasplywood,hard board,mediumdensityfiberboardorparticleboards

LigninApplicationsFoams Plastics/Polymers /
Lignin g basedrigid g p polyurethane y Excellentinflameretardance Epoxyresincomprisesanepoxyresinandacuringagent,wherein thecuring gagent g isalignin g derivedacidanhydride y Sfreeligninhasbeenusedforautomotivebrakesandepoxyresins forprintedcircuitboards. Polyphenylene oxidebasedpolymersandligninestersblends exhibitmodulusofelasticity,tensilestrength,andelongationat breakvaluesthatarecomparableorgreaterthanthepolyphenylene oxidebasedpolymeralone.Theblendsprovideproperties comparabletothepolyphenylene oxidebasedpolymers,yetutilize lesspolymer. Lignincanactasawaterabsorptioninhibitorandasfluidization agents t when h used dwith ithpolyamide l id when h mixed i din i solid lidormelt ltf form andprocessedbyinjectionmolding,blowmolding,extrusion,or blowextrusiontofabricatearticles. Theuseofalkaliligninpoly(propylenecarbonate)improvesthermal stabilityandmechanicalproperties

LigninApplications DustControl
Lignin, g ,glycerin gy inwaterapplied pp upon p thesurfacesofdusty yielding g situationslikecoalmines,coaltransportationbyrailcar,andstockyards, etc. SelectCaligninsulfonate powdershavebeenshowntostabilize widespreadcontaminationfollowinganuclearaccident,fieldstudies demonstrateadependenceontheweatherconditionsandthebenefits isashorttermcorrectiveaction. Dustmovementcanbecontrolledbysprayingaroadsurfacewithan emulsionofasphalt,lignosulfonic andwater

LigninApplications Paper
Ligninasasizingagent

Polymerizationofacrylamide andhydroxymethylated shownto enhancetensilestrengthofpaperbyabout40% Phenolicresinforwetcurtainpaper Packaginglaminatecomprisingabarrierlayerofligninand oligo orpolysaccharides,wheretheligninandoligo or polysaccharidesareatleastpartlycovalentlybondedtoeach otherinamatrix

LigninApplications Chemicals
Phenols preparedbytakingligninreactingwithaHsupplying solventatelevatedtemperature/pressure Ligin depolymerizationprovidesroutesto: Cresols Catechols Resorsinols l Quinones Vanillin Guaiacols G i l

LigninApplications Battery
Lignin i i enhances h performance f of fenergy storagedevices. Lignin Li i forms f athi thinlayer l onthe th graphite hit powdersurfacewhichpreventsthegraphite powderfromdecreasingHovervoltageand doesnotaffectconditionofthegraphite powder. Lignincansuppressgenerationof4PbO.PbSO4 4PbO PbSO4 duringthedryinganddryingtimeis shortened..

LigninApplications Fuel
Alkalinefragmented/purifiedligninmixedwithdieselusing surfactants/emulsifiers Hydroliquefaction comprisingsuccessivehydroconversion stagesunderhighHpressure Hydroconversion occurrs withsupportedcatalystanda suspensionofligninandaHdonorsolvent Polymetallic l ll catalysts l supported donatleast l slightly l h l basic b materialsandhydrogenconvertlignintohydrocarbons Catalyticconversionoflignintogreengasoline/dieselbya combination bi ti of fpyrolysis, l i th thermal lcracking, ki hydrocracking, h d ki catalyticcracking,orhydrotreatment Lignincatalytichydrogenreductionofcarbonoxygenbonds andthecatalyticdisproportionation ofcarbonoxygenor carboncarbonbonds.Thecatalystsmaybeformedfroma metalprecursorsuchasrutheniumorvanadiumanda bidentate ligand. ligand

OxygenateFuelAdditive

LigninApplications Heat
Artificialfirelogusingcellulosicmaterialsandnon petroleumbasedwaxusingligninand1,3propanediol derivedfromarenewableresource.withimproved flameproperties. properties Indulin ATligninwhenaddedtowoodpelletsproduces betterqualitypelletsandhadhigherfuelvalue.

LigninApplications Grease
Caligninsulfonate,mol.wt.of10,000g/mol, hasbeen usedtothickenedbasegreasetoformalubricatinggrease Agreasewithawax/ligninhadimprovedcorrosionprotection properties. Wearresistanceof fthe h tools l isincreased dby b usingagrease containinghydrolyticlignin. Lignin Li i sulfonate lf t provides id antifriction tif i ti properties ti t togrease providinglongerlubricationlife.

LigninApplications Dispersants
Dyedispersantispreparedfrom sulfate/sulfitepulpingliquors, y p productsexhibitsg good crosslinked withsulfite/formaldehyde, dispersion,property,heatresistantstability,hightemp.dispersion property,fiberstainingpropertyandazo dyereducingproperty Chemicallymodifiedligninhasbeenusedasadispersingagents agents, complexing agent,flocculent,thickenerorauxiliaryagentsfor coatings,paintsoradhesives. OilWellDrillingMuds Coalwaterslurrydispersant Aligninderivedmaterialhasbeenreportedtobeagoodasa dispersantforsoilsandapplicationsshownforcleaningand/orlaundry detergentcompounds Amixtureincludingpolycarboxylic acid,andligninsulfonicacidhas beenusedforcleaningaluminumplatestopreventcalciumscaling Ligninsulfonates havebeenusedasbiodegradableandnontoxic emulsifiersordispersantsforemulsionordispersionpolymerization Jetprintinginkwaspreparedincludingsulfonated lignin

LigninApplications Agriculture
Slowreleaseureaiscomposedof9099%urea 110ligninwt.% Ligninisusedeitherdirectlyorchemicallymodified,asa b d d binder, dispersantagentfor f pesticides/herbicides, d /h b d emulsifier,andasaheavymetalsequestrate Lignin Li i nutrient t i tmedium di h hasbeen b applied li dasanadditive dditi f for restoringvegetationonroadslopeandbaremountain Oxidizedandpulverizedligninwhenblendedwithother chemicalshasbeusedasasoilwaterretentionagentin acidicdrylandordesertsoil,orasabinderforfertilizer.

Summary
AdventofBiorefineryhasdevelopedseveralnew sourcesoflignin

NewTranslationApplicationsaregrowingevery Day! ay