VEERESH SAVADI

English Made Easy in 20 Minutes a Day! DAY-9 : SENTENCES-in Brief SENTENCES

Foundation English

A sentence is a systematic arrangement of words that make complete sense. If the same words are rearranged, they may either lose their meaning or acquire a new meaning. E.g.: 1. Ravi wrote to his brother yesterday. Ravi to his yesterday wrote brother. His brother wrote to Ravi yesterday. 2. They have finished their work. They work their finished have. Have they finished their work? Types: The important kinds of sentences are described below. Affirmative ASSERTIVE/ DECLARATIVE Negative

S+HV+MV+O

S+HV(-)+MV+O

HV+S++MV+O+?
Auxiliary SENTENCES INTERROGATIVE Interrogative

HV(-)+S+MV+O+?

QW+HV+S+MV+O+?
IMPERATIVE WH Interrogative

QW+HV(-)+S+MV+O+?
EXCLAMATORY 1. ASSERTIVE SENTENCES: These are all statements of facts. They declare or Assert something. Two Kinds: 1. AFFIRMATIVE: 2. NEGATIVE: We are learning English grammar. I dont have a pen. Rajesh is a lazy man. He is not coming today. I bought a new watch. This table is not very useful. Little Ravi has a baby sister. I can never forget the sight. 2. Interrogative Sentences: These are all questions. An interrogative sentence begins with a question word and ends with a question mark (?). An interrogative sentence has two kinds. 1. WH- interrogative: this type of sentences may begin in the following ways. (a) Using interrogative pronouns: such as who, what, which, whom, whose. who is there? Whom did you meet yesterday? What are you doing? Whose is this bag? Which is the last building? (b) Using interrogative adjectives: such as whose, what, which. Whose bag is this? Which event are you talking about? What color is the cover? (c) Using interrogative adverbs: such as when, where, why, how. When did they go? Why are you trembling? Where did you leave the book?

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 VEERESH SAVADI

English Made Easy in 20 Minutes a Day! DAY-9 : SENTENCES-in Brief

Foundation English

(d) Combinations such as how long, how far, how much, how many, how often. How will they know about this? How often does she come? How far did they go? How are you? These questions are called wh-questions. They can be used to ask question on particular parts of a sentence. Study the following: Carl Lewis won tour gold medals at the Olympics in 1984. Who won four gold medals at the Olympics in 1984? (Carl Lewis) How many gold medals did Carl Lewis win at the Olympics in 1984? (Four) Where did Carl Lewis win four gold medals? (At the Olympics) When did Carl Lewis win four gold medals at the Olympics? (1984) (2) Auxiliary questions: These questions can be answered with Yes or No. these questions are therefore called yes-no questions. They are formed by putting either the different forms of the verb The form of be(is, am, are, was were), the forms of do ( do, does, did) or the auxiliary verbs (can, could, has, have, will, would, shall, should, must, may, might, etc.) study the following: statement: Mohan plays football. Questions: Does Mohan play football? Statement: India is a democratic country. Question: Is India a democratic country? Statement: you can do this in an hour. Question: Can you do this in an hour? 3. Imperative Sentence: Look at these sentences: o Bring me a glass of water. o Stop! o Please shut that window. Statement: He wrote a letter today. Questions: Did he write a letter today? Statement: he has lost his pen. Question: Has he lost his pen? Statement: Friday will be a holiday. Question: Will Friday be a holiday? Sit down quietly. Avoid taking cold water bath.

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These sentences give commands, requests, instructions or advices. An imputative sentence contains an order or a request to the listener. Hence the subject of the imperative sentence is the second person pronoun (you). This subject is usually not mentioned. The subject is mentioned only in some contexts. You finish the work and report to me. (Emphasis) You type these letters and you go to the post office. (Instructions to different persons) We usually put a full stop at the end of imperative sentences. However, after very short commands sometimes an exclamation mark (!) is used. Halt! Who goes there? Stop! 4. Exclamatory Sentences: These sentences express sudden emotions- joy, surprise, sorrow, etc. An exclamation mark (!) is put at the end of such sentences. Study the following What a lovely scene! Hurrah! We have won the match! How tall that girl is! How stupid of me! Alas! She is dead! Fragments: Words which stand for complete sentences are called fragments. Very often, in conversation, we do not say full sentences. People ask questions and give responses in a word or two. See the examples below. Raja: Hello, Ms Rani. How are you? Rani: Fine. Thank you. (Fine: I am fine.) Raja: Did you meet the Principal? Rani: Yes, I did. (Yes, I met the Principal) Raja: When? (When did you meet the Principal?) Rani: Yesterday. (I met the Principal yesterday)

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School/College Coaching, Entrance Exams, Competitive Exams and Spoken English Personalized Classroom/Online Coaching, Study Notes, Study Skills and Memory Techniques